copyright © allyn & bacon 2006 course: required textbook: special education: contemporary...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006

Course:

Required Textbook:Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals, IDEA 2004 Update Edition

by Marilyn Friend

Why you need this textbook:• You will be tested from this book

• Reading Assignments

• Homework Assignments

• Quizzes

Understanding Special Education

Chapter 1

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Special Education Defined Specially designed instruction, at no cost to

parents, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability, including –

Instruction conducted in the classroom, home, hospitals and institutions, and other settings

Instruction in physical education


Related Services

Physical and occupational therapy

Speech-language pathology services

Psychological services

Transportation


Supplementary Aids and Services Aids, services, and other supports provided

in regular education classes or other settings

Allow children with disabilities to be educated with their nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate


Disability Litigation Begins

Extended the right to special education to children of all disabilities

1972Mills v. Board of Education

Tests used for eligibility for special education must be non-discriminatory

1972Larry P. v. Riles

Guaranteed special education for children with mental retardation

1972PARC

Basis for future rulings that children with disabilities cannot be excluded from school

1954Brown v. Board of Education

ImportanceDateCase


Federal Special Education Laws 1965 - Elementary and Secondary

Education Act 1974 – Education for All Handicapped

Children Act (EAHCA) 1975 – EAHCA amended as P.L. 94-142,

Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)


Refinements to EHA Amendments in 1986, 1990, 1997 and 2004

resulted in – Services to infants and young children New name – IDEA Autism and traumatic brain injury added Parent participation increased Increased consistency with other federal education

laws Paperwork reduced Options added for identifying students with learning

disabilities


Accomplishments and Disappointments

Development of inclusive practices

Overrepresentation of some ethnic groups

Continued improvement needed


Core Principles of IDEA Zero Reject Free Appropriate Public Education Least Restrictive Environment Nondiscriminatory Evaluation Procedural Safeguards Parent and Family Rights


Other Legislation Related to Special Education

Section 504 – Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Civil rights for all people with disabilities Prohibits discrimination based on disability in

all programs which receive federal funds Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Extends protections to both public and private sectors, regardless of federal funding


Who Receives Special Education?Who Receives Special Education?

Visual impairment

Traumatic brain injuryOther health impairments

Specific learning disability

Speech or language impairment

Orthopedic impairmentMultiple disabilities

Mental retardationHearing impaired

Emotional disturbanceDeafness

Deaf-blindnessAutism

Visual impairment

Traumatic brain injuryOther health impairments

Specific learning disability

Speech or language impairment

Orthopedic impairmentMultiple disabilities

Mental retardationHearing impaired

Emotional disturbanceDeafness

Deaf-blindnessAutism


Prevalence


Students Not Served by IDEA Gifted and talented Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

(may be served under other health impaired)

At risk for school failure


Recommended Practices

Inclusion

Accountable and Accessible Instruction Positive Behavior Supports Collaboration


Barriers to Parent Participation Time

Language

Transportation


Encouraging Parent Participation Use family-centered practices. Respect the uniqueness of families. Recognize that families have different

understandings of their child’s disability. Match your strategies and resources to

family needs.


No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Accountability for results Flexibility related to budgetary matters Options for parents and children Proven teaching methods


Discipline Issues Can students with

disabilities be held to the same standards of discipline as other students?

Have disciplinary procedures been used as tools to discriminate against students with disabilities?


The Cost of Special Education Increasing numbers of students with

disabilities = increasing costs Federal funding has never exceeded 14% of

the additional cost of educating students with disabilities

Results: Make eligibility more restrictive Eroding support for special education programs

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