copyright © allyn & bacon 2008 chapter 13: students with physical and health disabilities...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008Chapter 13: Students with Physical and Health Disabilities

Chapter 13

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.


Late 1600s – treatment was advocated

19th c. – Most common recommendation was for institutionalization

Early 20th c. – Attention to war veterans brought about laws to assist individuals

National organizations developed – Easter Seals and the March of Dimes


Irving Independent School District v. Tatro, 468 U.S. 883 (1984)

Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garrett F., 19 S. Ct. 992 (1992)


Chronic – e.g., cerebral palsy

Acute – e.g., childhood cancers

Progressive – e.g., muscular dystrophy

Episodic – e.g., epilepsy

Congenital – present at birth

Acquired – occurs after birth


a severe … impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes


Monoplegia – only one limb is affected

Hemiplegia – one side of the body is affected

Paraplegia – only legs are affected

Tetraplegia (formerly called quadriplegia) – involves all limbs and trunk of the body

Diplegia – both legs or both arms are affected


Types of Paralysis


Cerebral palsy – “paralysis of the brain.”

disability in muscle control, posture, and movement


spastic, athetoid, ataxic, mixed


Spina bifida – bones of the spinal column are not closed

Hydrocephalus – cerebrospinal fluid in the brain


Spinal cord injury – break, severe bruise, or other damage to spinal cord that affects motor and sensory functions.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy – deterioration of muscles


Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis – inflammation (redness, swelling, and soreness) of the joints – autoimmune disorder


…an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.


Closed head injury – no physical injury to the skull

Open head injury – skull is fractured and membrane surrounding the brain

is penetrated


Cognitive skills

Processing ability

Language

Academic achievement

Emotions

Behavior


Car/motorcycle accidents Falls from

bicycles

Playground accidents

Shaken baby syndrome


…having limited strength, vitality or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment, that… adversely affects a child’s educational performance.


Asthma – lung disease that causes episodes of extreme difficulty in breathing.

Triggers in environment cause airways to swell and produce mucus


Epilepsy (seizure disorder)

Partial seizure – electrical charge affects only part of the brain; involuntary twitching of muscles or rapid eye blinks

Generalized 1)tonic-clonic – person stiffens, loses consciousness, falls, and arms and legs contract2)absence (ab-sawnce) seizures – lasts up to 30 seconds; mistaken for daydreaming.


HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome


Cancer – uncontrolled division of abnormal cells1)Leukemia (white blood cell cancer)

2)Brain tumor


Caused by hemoglobin S that reduces O2

About 9% affected in U.S.

Homozygous recessive (ss)H

eterozygous: (Ss) “carriers” Can transmit gene to offspring


Type I Diabetes (juvenile) – body cannot break down sugars and store them due to a lack of insulin (hormone and protein)


Cognitive and academic – varies widely

Behavior, Emotional, and Social –

Behavior problems may be present Student may have low self-esteem May need help relating to peers

Physical and medical – teachers must learn about each student’s challenges and needs


Medical condition and physical functioning

Intellectual functioning

Academic achievement, language, and related areas

Behavior


Infants/toddlers – services at home

Preschoolers – in-home, center-based, or preschool programs

Services focus on family relationships as well as treatment for the child

Early interventionists help family locate and access needed resources


In general education classrooms:

About 50% of students with physical disabilities and health impairments

Less than 33% of students with traumatic brain injury

Many students receive services in special education classrooms, residential facilities, at home, or in hospitals


Public School Placements for Students with Physical and Health Disabilities: Time Spent Outside General

Education (in percentages)


Postsecondary education

Transportation

Living arrangements

Career choices

Agency supports


Access to education

Aids for posture and mobility

Aids for communication Aids for learning Related services

Factors related to disability

School re-entry Responding to emergencies


How prepared are teachers to work with students with physical and health disabilities?

How available is technology to students in rural areas or those who are poor?

copyright © allyn & bacon 2008 chapter 13: students with physical and health disabilities...

Documents

copyright allyn bacon

health disabilities

health disabilities

health disabilities

health disabilities

health disabilities

copyright law

birth slide