i can: distinguish the theories of intelligence copyright © allyn & bacon 2007

I CAN: I CAN:

• Distinguish the theories of intelligence

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Psychometric Theories of IntelligenceIntelligence is a

combination of abilities that can be measured by mental testing.

These tests often include analogies, classification or identification, and series completion.


4 Major Psychometric Theories:1.Charles Spearman- factor analysis2.Raymond Cattell- fluid/crystallized3.Robert Sternberg- Triarchic4.Howard Gardner-Multiple Intelligence


Charles Spearman

Developed “factor analysis”

Two factors“g” = general

intelligence“s” =

specific ability


Raymond Cattell (same guy from personality unit)

Intelligence is broken down into two independent components

Crystallized Intelligence The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge

Fluid Intelligence The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems


Sternberg’s Triarchic TheorySternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Three types of intelligence:

Practical

Analytical

Creative

All people have all three to some degree

Most people are stronger in one type than the others

Intelligence is trainable

Intelligence is affected by and related to culture


Sternberg’s Triarchic TheorySternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Practical Practical IntelligenceIntelligence

Analytical Analytical IntelligenceIntelligence

Creative Creative IntelligenceIntelligence

Ability to cope with the environment; “street smarts”

Ability to analyze problems and find correct answers; ability measured by most IQ tests

also called logical reasoning

Form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts; involves insight and creativity


Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner’s Multiple Intelligences

LinguisticLinguistic

Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical

SpatialSpatial

MusicalMusical

Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic

InterpersonalInterpersonal

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal

Sees traditional IQ tests as far too limited.

“An intelligence is the ability

to solve problems, or

to create products, that are valued

within one or more cultural

settings.”

Think of all of the people who aren’t “classically intelligent,” but who made great contributions to our culture.



LinguisticLinguistic

Logical-Mathematical

Spatial

Musical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests



Linguistic

Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical

Spatial

Musical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems



Linguistic


SpatialSpatial

Musical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space



Linguistic


Spatial

MusicalMusical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches



Linguistic


Spatial

Musical

Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Ability for controlled movement and coordination



Linguistic


Spatial

Musical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

InterpersonalInterpersonal

Intrapersonal

Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions



Linguistic


Spatial

Musical

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Interpersonal

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal

Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity


Gardner’s Three Other IntelligencesGardner’s Three Other Intelligences

Naturalistic Intelligence / Nature SmartA person who has the ability to identify and classify patterns

in nature.

Enjoys nature Caring for animals Likes to be outdoors

Spiritual IntelligenceGardner chose not to include spiritual intelligence amongst his

"intelligences" due to the challenge of codifying quantifiable scientific criteria.

Existential IntelligenceThe ability to be sensitive to, or have the capacity for tackling

deeper or larger questions about human existence, such as

the meaning of life - - why are we born - - why do we die


Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:

Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:

• Each intelligence has its neurological base in a different area of the brain

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true


Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

For example…If a person thinks we are clever or stupid, they will treat us that way.

If we are treated as if we are clever, stupid, etc…we will act, and even become, that way.

This is also known as the Pygmalion Effect.


I CAN: I CAN:

• Distinguish the theories of intelligence


i can: distinguish the theories of intelligence copyright © allyn & bacon 2007

Documents

problems copyright allyn

pitchescopyright allyn

spacecopyright allyn

culturecopyright allyn

traditional iq tests

knowledge fluid intelligence

math problems

iq testsalso