copyright © allyn & bacon 2007. montgomery county schools attended family pre-teaching life...

Montgomery County Schools attended Family Pre-Teaching Life Post Teaching: MYOB



Your favorite Your TV Show favorite

food

Your Full NamePreferred Name

Your favorite Your favoritebook musician


Three questions I have for Mr. Hoffman

1.

2.

3.

Separate 3-ring Binder/Notebook with Lined filler paper

2 pens2 pencils

Pack of 100 3x5 index cardsAssignment book

If cost is an issue – “Suggestion Box”


1. Courtesy & Timeliness2. Preparation3. This is our “home” – please treat it well

4. It IS a benevolent autocracy NOT a democracy 5. “Suggestion Box”


Interactive or Boring

Multi-dimensional or straight lecture

Easy or Difficult


… and it will be so.

1. NO PEJORATIVES – EVER! (INSTANT REFERRAL!)

2. Slang – verbal/written3. Jargon


Mr. HoffmanSpringbrook High School


Many things that happen to Many things that happen to us leave no record in memoryus leave no record in memory


True True oror FalseFalse??

TrueTrue: : Most of the information Most of the information around us never reaches around us never reaches memory, and what does memory, and what does reach memory often gets reach memory often gets

distorteddistorted

You are born with all the brain You are born with all the brain cells you will ever havecells you will ever have


FalseFalse: : Recent research shows that Recent research shows that

some parts of the brain some parts of the brain continue producing new continue producing new

cells throughout lifecells throughout life




Both center patches are the same shade of gray


True: The patch on the right appeared darker due to perceptual contrast with its background


True: The patch on the right appeared

darker due to perceptual contrast with its background

Intelligence is a purely genetic Intelligence is a purely genetic trait that does not change trait that does not change throughout a person’s lifethroughout a person’s life



FalseFalse: :

Intelligence is the result of both Intelligence is the result of both heredity and environment, and heredity and environment, and

may change throughout your lifemay change throughout your life

The most common form of The most common form of mental disorder occurs in mental disorder occurs in

30% of the population30% of the population


TrueTrue::

Depression, the single most Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up common disorder, may affect up

to a third of the population at to a third of the population at some point in their livessome point in their lives


Repeated exposure to the same Repeated exposure to the same face leads us to like it lessface leads us to like it less


FalseFalse: :

Familiar people (and their faces) Familiar people (and their faces) are generally liked more than less are generally liked more than less

familiar peoplefamiliar people



Psychology is a broad field, with many specialties, but fundamentally,

psychology is the science of behavior and

mental processes

Psychology is – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Psychology is not◦ Mere speculation about human nature◦ A body of folk wisdom about people that

“everybody knows” to be true


Psychology disputes unfounded claims from pseudopsychology


Pseudopsychology –Erroneous assertions of practices set forth as being scientific psychology

Paranormal abilities, like Extra Sensory

Perception (ESP) or mind reading



Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, grouped in three major

categories: experimental psychology, teaching of psychology and applied

psychology

Experimental psychologists• Conduct most research across

psychological spectrum• May work in private industry or for the

government • Often teach at college or university


Applied psychologists


I/OI/O SportsSports

School School

CounselingCounseling

EngineeringEngineering

RehabilitationRehabilitation

Use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems

ClinicalClinical

I/O Psychology was Mr. Hoffman’s major



Modern psychology developed from several conflicting traditions,

including structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt

psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis


Devoted to uncovering Devoted to uncovering basic structures that basic structures that make up mind and make up mind and

thoughtthought

TraditionTradition

StructuralismStructuralism

Functionalism

Psychoanalysis

Gestalt psychology

Behaviorism


Believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose

and function

TraditionTradition

Structuralism

Functionalism Functionalism

Psychoanalysis

Gestalt psychology

Behaviorism


Interested in how we construct “perceptual

wholes”

TraditionTradition

Structuralism

Functionalism

Psychoanalysis

Gestalt Gestalt psychologypsychology

Behaviorism


Argued psychology should deal solely with

observable events

TraditionTradition

Structuralism

Functionalism

Psychoanalysis

Gestalt psychology

BehaviorismBehaviorism


Asserted mental disorders arise from

conflicts in the unconscious mind

TraditionTradition

Structuralism

Functionalism

PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis

Gestalt psychology

Behaviorism


Seven main perspectives characterize modern

psychology: the biological, developmental, cognitive,

clinical, behavioral, trait, and socio-cultural views


BiologicalBiological

DevelopmentalDevelopmental

PsychodynamicPsychodynamic

SocioculturalSociocultural

CognitiveCognitive

BehavioralBehavioral

TraitTrait

HumanisticHumanistic

Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological


View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:

We are complex systems that We are complex systems that respond to hereditary and respond to hereditary and environmental influencesenvironmental influences

What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:

Neural structures, Neural structures, biochemistry, and inborn biochemistry, and inborn

responses to external cuesresponses to external cues

Question for Study:Question for Study:

How do heredity, the nervous How do heredity, the nervous system, and the endocrine system, and the endocrine

system produce behavior and system produce behavior and mental processes?mental processes?

PerspectivePerspective

BiologicalBiological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic

Evolutionary/Sociobiological



We undergo predictable patterns We undergo predictable patterns of change throughout our livesof change throughout our lives


Interaction between Interaction between heredity heredity and and environmentenvironment

Questions for Study:Questions for Study:

What are the patterns that What are the patterns that characterize developmental characterize developmental

change?change?

What are the genetic and What are the genetic and environmental influences environmental influences

underlying these patterns?underlying these patterns?


Biological

DevelopmentalDevelopmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic




People are information-People are information-processing systemsprocessing systems


Mental interpretation of our Mental interpretation of our experienceexperience


How do mental processes, How do mental processes, including sensation, perception, including sensation, perception,

learning, memory, and language, learning, memory, and language, influence behavior?influence behavior?


Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

CognitiveCognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic




We are driven by dark forces of We are driven by dark forces of the unconsciousthe unconscious



Unconscious needs, conflicts, Unconscious needs, conflicts, repressed memories, and repressed memories, and

childhood experienceschildhood experiences


How does the energy generated in How does the energy generated in the unconscious mind motivate the unconscious mind motivate

our actions and account for our actions and account for mental disorders?mental disorders?

Biological

Developmental

PsychodynamicPsychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic




Emphasizes human growth and Emphasizes human growth and potentialpotential



The influence of self-concept, The influence of self-concept, perceptions, and interpersonal perceptions, and interpersonal relationships, and on need for relationships, and on need for

personal growthpersonal growth


How can humanistic theory be How can humanistic theory be applied to enhance mental health applied to enhance mental health through counseling and therapy?through counseling and therapy?

Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

HumanisticHumanistic




Behavior is primarily shaped by Behavior is primarily shaped by learninglearning



Stimulus cues and our history of Stimulus cues and our history of rewards and punishmentsrewards and punishments


What are the “laws” that associate What are the “laws” that associate our responses with stimulus our responses with stimulus

conditions?conditions?

How can they be applied to How can they be applied to improve the human condition?improve the human condition?

Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

BehavioralBehavioral

Trait

Humanistic




People are social animals, so People are social animals, so human behavior must be human behavior must be

interpreted in social contextinterpreted in social context



Cultures, social norms and Cultures, social norms and expectations, social learning expectations, social learning


Under what conditions is the Under what conditions is the social and cultural situation social and cultural situation

predictive of behavior?predictive of behavior?

How are social influences different How are social influences different across cultures?across cultures?

Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

SocioculturalSociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic




Behavior is developed and Behavior is developed and adapted over timeadapted over time



Natural selection Natural selection


How do behavior and individual How do behavior and individual differences develop and change?differences develop and change?

Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

Trait

Humanistic

Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological



Individual differences result from Individual differences result from differences in our underlying differences in our underlying

patterns of stable characteristicspatterns of stable characteristics



Each person’s unique combination Each person’s unique combination of traits of traits


How many fundamental traits are How many fundamental traits are there?there?

How can we use trait patterns to How can we use trait patterns to predict behavior?predict behavior?

Biological

Developmental

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Cognitive

Behavioral

TraitTrait

Humanistic


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