copyright 2001 by allyn and bacon chapter 5: culture & community
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Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Chapter 5: Culture & Community
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
OverviewToday’s Multicultural ClassroomsSocial Class DifferencesEthnic & Racial DifferencesWomen & Men: Differences in the ClassroomLanguage Differences in the ClassroomCreating Culturally Compatible ClassroomsBringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Concept Map for Chapter 5
Ethnic and RacialDifferences
CreatingCulturally
CompatibleClassrooms
Culture and
Community
Language Differences
In theClassroom
Social ClassDifferences
Women & Men: Differences
in theClassroom
Bringing itAll Together:
Teaching Every Student
Today’sMulticulturalClassrooms
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Today’s Multicultural ClassroomThe Melting PotCultural deficit modelMulticultural education alternativesNo ‘best’ approachThe Banks ModelSee Figure 5.1, Woolfolk p. 158
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Bank’s Dimensions of Multicultural Education
Empowering School Culture &
Social Structure
MulticulturalEducation
Content Integration
Knowledge ConstructionProcess
Prejudice Reduction
EquityPedagogy
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American Cultural DiversityCulture definedGroup membershipCautions in interpreting cultural differencesTeach individual students, not ethnicity!
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Social Class Differences
SESWealth, power, background, prestigeUpper, middle, working, lower‘Poor’ definedSee Table 5.1, Woolfolk p. 160, and Figure 5.2, p. 161
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SES and AchievementPositive correlation: SES & achievementRelated influences:
Poor health careLow expectationsLearned helplessnessPeer influences and resistance culturesTrackingChildrearing stylesHome environment and resources
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Ethnic and Racial Differences
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Definitions
EthnicityRaceMinority group
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The Changing Demographics:Cultural Differences
Iceberg analogyCultural conflictsCultural compatibility
Ethnic & racial differences in achievementWorking with families & communitiesSee Family and Community Partnerships, Woolfolk, p. 169
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Ethnic and Racial Differences
DiscriminationBrown court casePrejudiceAuthoritarian personalityStereotypes and their effects Combating stereotypes
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Females & Males : Differences in the Classroom
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Gender Role IdentityDifferences between men & womenGender versus sexAndrogynousGender schemasGender-role stereotypingGender bias in the curriculumSex discrimination in schools
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Sex Differences in Mental AbilitiesNo overall IQ differenceGirls show strength in reading, writing, language, computationBoys show strength in mathematical, mechanical, and visual information processingWhy the differences?
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Eliminating Gender Bias
Check textbooks for gender biasWatch for unintended biases in your classroom practicesCheck for equal opportunities for both sexes in school activitiesUse gender free languageProvide role modelsSee Guidelines, Woolfolk p. 179
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Language Differences
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DialectsLanguage difference versus errorsPronunciation differencesDialects and teachingBilingualism
ESLLEP
Bilingual education approachesTransitionMaintain
Research on bilingual programs
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BilingualismEffective teachingSee Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 182 and Table 5.3, p. 185
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Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms
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Goals for Cultural Compatibility
Eliminate:RacismSexismPrejudice
Incorporate:Equal educational opportunitiesCulturally friendly teaching strategies
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Teaching StrategiesSocializationLearning styles
Appropriate cautions
SociolinguisticsParticipation structuresMisunderstandings
Culturally relevant pedagogy
Focus on academic successDevelop/maintain cultural competenceDevelop critical consciousness
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Application Question
How would you lead a discussion group that included Caucasians, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics?
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Reflection Question
Compare and contrast teaching in an inner city school in Chicago with a school on a Navaho Indian Reservation. How would you vary your teaching strategies?
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Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Know your studentsRespect your studentsTeach your studentsSee Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 192
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Summary
Today’s Multicultural ClassroomsSocial Class DifferencesEthnic & Racial DifferencesWomen & Men: Differences in the ClassroomLanguage Differences in the ClassroomCreating Culturally Compatible ClassroomsBringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Review Questions
Distinguish between the “melting pot” and multiculturalism.What is multicultural education?What is culture?What is SES?What is the relationship between SES and school achievement?
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Review QuestionsDistinguish between ethnicity and race.How can ethnicity affect school performance?Distinguish between prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype threat.What is gender-role identity?How do gender-role identities develop?Are there sex differences in cognitive abilities?
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Review Questions
What are the origins of language differences in the classroom?What is bilingual education?What are the elements of a culturally compatible classroom?What is culturally relevant pedagogy?How can teachers create classrooms in which all students can learn?
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
End Chapter 5