Computer Generations

Submitted By:Monika Deswal

Contents

0 What is Computer?0 Generation of Computer

0 FIRST GENRATION0 The main features of first generation are

0 SECOND GENERATION0 The main features of second generation are

0 THIRD GENERATION0 The main features of third generation are

0 FOURTH GENERATION0 The main features of fourth generation are

0 FIFTH GENERATION0 The main features of fifth generation are

References

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

0A computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

GENERATION OF COMPUTER0As the time passed, the device of more suitable and

reliable machine was need which could perform our work more quickly.

FIRST GENRATION 1946-1959

0 ENIAC was the world first successful electronic computer which was develops by the two scientists namely J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchy.

0 It was the beginning of first generation computer. The full form of ENIAC is “Electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator” ENIAC was a very huge and big computer and its weight was 30 tones.

0 It could store only limited or small amount of information. Initially in the first generation computer the concept of vacuum tubes was used.

0 A vacuum tube was such an electronic component which had very less work efficiency and so it could not work properly and it required a large cooling system. 

The main features of first generation are:

0 Vacuum tube technology0 Unreliable0 Supported machine language only0 Very costly0 Generated lot of heat0 Slow input and output devices0 Huge size0 Need of A.C.0 Non-portable0 Consumed lot of electricity

SECOND GENERATION1959-1965

0 In this generation, transistors were used as the electronic component instead of vaccum tubes .

0A transistors is much smaller in the size than that of a vaccum tube. As the size of electrons components decreased from vaccum tube of transistor, the size of computer also decreased and it became much smaller than that of earlier computer.

The main features of second generation are:

0 Use of transistors0 Reliable in comparison to first generation

computers0 Smaller size as compared to first generation

computers0 Generated less heat as compared to first

generation computers0 Consumed less electricity as compared to first

generation computers0 Faster than first generation computers0 Still very costly0 A.C. needed0 Supported machine and assembly languages

THIRD GENERATION1965-1971

0 In this generation of computer, IC (Integrated circuits) was used as the electronic component for computers.

0The development of IC gave birth to a new field of microelectronics.

0The main advantage of IC is not only its small size but its superior performance and reliability than the previous circuits.

0 It was first developed by T.S Kilby. This generation of computer has huge storage capacity and higher calculating speed.

The main features of third generation are:

0 IC used0 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations0 Smaller size0 Generated less heat0 Faster0 Lesser maintenance0 Still costly0 A.C needed0 Consumed lesser electricity0 Supported high-level language

FOURTH GENERATION1971-1980

0The computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. 

0 it gave rise to personal computer (PC) revolution.

The main features of fourth generation are:

0 VLSI technology used0 Very cheap0 Portable and reliable0 Use of PC's0 Very small size0 Pipeline processing0 No A.C. needed0 Concept of internet was introduced0 Great developments in the fields of

networks0 Computers became easily available

FIFTH GENERATION1980-onwards

0Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.

0The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. 

0Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come.

0The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

The main features of fifth generation are:

0 ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology

0 Development of true artificial intelligence

0 Development of Natural language processing

0 Advancement in Parallel Processing0 Advancement in Superconductor

technology0 More user friendly interfaces with

multimedia features0 Availability of very powerful and

compact computers at cheaper rates

References

0http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer.html0http://

www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm

0http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/FiveGenerations.asp

0http://www.tpub.com/neets/book22/91b.htm0http://tipschief.com/computer-history-quiz-mcqs-ques

tion/

0https://fahmirahman.wordpress.com/2011/01/04/five-generations-of-computer/

Thank You!!!Any queries???