ppt on generations of computer

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Computer Age: Past, Present, and Future

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Page 1: Ppt on Generations of Computer

Computer Age:

Past, Present, and Future

Page 2: Ppt on Generations of Computer

  

 

Page 3: Ppt on Generations of Computer

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

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Characteristics of First Generation Computers

• These first generation computers were based on vacuum tube technology.

• These first generation computers were the fastest computing devices of their times (computation time was in Milli-Seconds).

• These first generation computers were very large, and required a lot of space for installation.

• Since thousands of vacuum tubes were used, they generated a large amount of heat. Therefore, air conditioning was essential.

• These first generation computers were non-profitable and very slow equipments.

• They lack in versatility and speed.• They were very expensive to operate and used a large amount

of electricity.

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UNIVAC at a news centre

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THE HARVARD MARK I

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Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

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Main Characteristics of a second generation computer are..

• Second generation computer machines were based on transistor technology.

• Second generation computers were smaller as compared to the first generation computers.

• The computational time of  Second generation computers was reduced to microseconds from milliseconds.

• Second generation computers were more reliable and less prone to hardware failure. Hence, such computers required less frequent maintenance.

• Second generation computers were more portable and generated less amount of heat.

• Assembly language was used to program Second generation computers. Hence, programming became more time-efficient and less cumbersome.

• Second generation computers still require air conditioning.• Manual assembly of individual components into a functional unit was still

required.

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IBM 7094

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IBM 1401,1402,1403 & 1406

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Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)

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Characteristics of Third Generation Computers

• Characteristics of Third Generation Computers in comparison with that of previous generation computers are …

• Third Generation Computers were based on integrated circuit (IC) technology.• Third Generation Computers were able to reduce computational time from

microseconds to nanoseconds• Third Generation Computers devices consumed less power and generated less heat.

In some cases, air conditioning was still required.• The size of  Third Generation Computers was smaller as compared to previous

computers• Since hardware of the Third Generation Computers rarely failed, the maintenance

cost for it was quite low.• Extensive use of high-level language became possible in Third Generation

Computers.• Manual assembling of individual components was not required for Third Generation

Computers, so it reduced the large requirement of labor & cost. However, for the manufacture of IC chips, highly sophisticated technologies were required

• Commercial production became easier and cheaper.

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DID YOU KNOW...?

•An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.

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IBM 360

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Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

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Characteristics of Fourth Generation Computers

• Fourth generation computers are microprocessor – based systems.• Fourth generation computers are very small.• Fourth Generation computers are the cheapest among all other computer

generations.• Fourth generation computers are portable and quite reliable.• Fourth generation computers do not require air conditioning since they

generate negligible amount of heat.• Minimum maintenance is required for Fourth generation computers since

hardware failure is negligible for them.• The production cost of Fourth generation computers is very low• GUI and pointing devices enables users to learn to use the computer

quickly.• Interconnections of computers leads to better communication and

resource sharing.• Fourth generation computers are very powerful than previous generations

and can easily do more calculation or can run more programs at a time and for more hours.

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APPLE II

 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniac inventors of the Apple II and founders of Apple Computer.

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APPLE MACINTOSH

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Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

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Characteristics of Fifth Generation Computers

• Combinations of some or all of the following technologies:

• -extremely large scale integration• -parallel processing• -high speed logic and memory chips• -high performance, micro-miniaturization• -voice/data integration; knowledge-based

platforms• -artificial intelligence, expert systems• -virtual reality generation• -satellite links

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iPad II

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APPLE MacBook

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SOME LATEST TECHNOLOGIES THAT

ARE YET TO BE RELEASED……

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The ENDThe END