5 generations of computer

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5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER SUBMITTED BY - A5 TO - NAMRITA MAM

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Page 1: 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSUBMITTED

BY - A5TO - NAMRITA MAM

Page 2: 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

2A5

GROUP MEMBERS

• AKSHAY SHARMA• ANURAG SAHU• ARJIT SHARMA• ANUJ RAGHUWANSHI• AMAL JAIN

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5 GENERA-TIONS

MAIN LOGIC ELEMENT

MEMORY EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES

PROGRAM-MING

1ST Generation(1946-1954)

VACUUM TUBES

Magnetic core Punched cards Machine LanguageAssembly Language

2nd Generation(1955-1964)

TRANSISTORS Magnetic core Magnetic tape and disks

High-level Programming Languages

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3rd Generation(1964-971)

4TH Generation(1971–Present)

5th Generation(Present& Beyond)

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Microprocessor

Artificial Intelligence

MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

Hard disk

HARD DISK

Magnetic tape and disks

Printouts by printer

VOICE , PRINTED, ETC.

C Programming Language

4GL

5GL

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• The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices . Each of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable computing devices.

WHAT IS MEANT BY GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER?

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ANS.- Computers can be classified into five types according to the generations i.e. time period:

• First Generation Computers• Second Generation Computers• Third Generation Computers• Fourth Generation Computers• Fifth Generation Computers

WHAT ARE 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER?

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FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER:

• Period : 1946-54• Size : Size was equivalent to a room• Language : Machine and Assembly language

• Main Component : Vacuum Tubes• Input/output Media : Punched cards & Paper tapes• Storage Media : Magnetic drum & Magnetic tape

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• Vacuum tube technology• Unreliable• Supported Machine language only• Very costly• Generate lot of heat• Slow Input/output device• Huge size• Need of A.C.• Non-portable

Vaccum tube

The main features of first generation of computer are:

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• It is a device used to amplify, switch, otherwise modify, or create an electrical signal by controlling the movement of electrons in a low-pressure space.

VACUUM TUBES

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Advantages :

1. It was only electronic computing device.

2. First device to hold memory.

3. It was able to compute mathematical calculations.

Disadvantages :

4. . Too bulky i.e. large in size

5. . Vacuum tubes burn frequently

6. . They were producing heat

7. . Maintenance problems

Advantages & Disadvantages

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• Period: 1955-64• Size: Smaller than 1st generation• Language: Assembly & high level

language• Main Component: Transistors• Input/output Media: Punched cards & printed reports• Storage Media: Magnetic tape & magnetic disk

Sub mitted by: A5 2nd generation

Second Generation Of Computers

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• Use of transistors• Reliable as compared to First generation computers• Smaller size as compared to First generation computers• Generate less heat as compared to First generation

computers• Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation

computers• Faster than first generation computers• Still very costly• A.C. needed• Support machine and assembly languages

The main features of second generation of computer are:

Transistors

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1 transistor = 40 Vacuum tubes

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages :

1. . Size reduced considerably

2. . The very fast

3. . Very much reliable

Disadvantages :

4. . They over heated quickly

5. . Maintenance problems

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Third Generation Of Computers• Period: 1965-71• Size: Disk size mini computers• Language: High level language• Main Component: ICs (Integrated Circuits)• Input/output Media: Key to tape, key to disk & printed reports

• Storage Media: Magnetic tape & magnetic disk• Example- IBM 360

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Main features of 3rd Generation of Computers

• IC used• More reliable and Faster• Smaller size• Generate less heat• Lesser maintenance• Still costly• A.C. needed• Consumed lesser electricity• Support high-level language

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www.brainybetty.com 171 IC = 3 TRANSISTORS

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Advantages :

1. . ICs are very small in size

2. . Improved performance

3. . Production cost cheap

Disadvantages :

4. . ICs are sophisticated

Advantages & Disadvantages

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Fourth Generation of Computers• Period: 1971-Present• Size: Typewriter sized micro computers• Language: High level language• Main Component: ICs with LSI (Large Scale Integration)• Input/output Media: Keyboard data entry, devices & printed reports• Storage media: Magnetic disk, floppy & optical

disk• Example: Altair 800

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1 MICROCHIP = 40000 IC

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• VLSI technology used• Very cheap• Portable and reliable• Use of PC's• Very small size• Pipeline processing• No A.C. needed• Concept of internet was introduced• Great developments in the fields of

networks• Computers became easily available

The main features of fourth generation of computer are:

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Advantages :

1. . It is a compact

2. . Less power consumption

3. . Production cost is cheap

Disadvantages :

4. . No artificial intelligent.

Advantages & Disadvantages

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Fifth Generation ComputerPeriod: Present & beyondSize: Credit card size micro computersLanguage: Artificial intelligence languageMain Component: SLSI/ULSI

(Super/Ultra Large Scale Integration)Input/output Media: Tactile inputs, displaysStorage Media: Optical disk & card magnetic diskExample : Robotic toys, Mobile computers

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• ULSI technology• Development of true artificial intelligence• Development of Natural language processing• Advancement in Parallel Processing• Advancement in Superconductor technology• More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features• Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates

The main features of fourth generation of computer are:

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages :

1. . Artificial intelligence

2. . Expert system

3. Very low cost

Disadvantages :

4. Increasement in Unemployment

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1A5

First generation Second generation

Third generationFourth generation

Fifth generation

The New

iPhone 6

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NOW THE HOUSE IS OPEN FOR QUERIES……