Generation of ComputerComputer develops after the first

electronic Computer ENIAC- [

Electronic Numerical Interigrater and

Calculator ] are classified into five

generation is baised on the Technology

used in architectural development of

computers. It also includes

Computational Technic. Input and

output devices and programming

languages used.

First Generation:

1943-1956

World’s first electronic digital computer.

Used to produce WWII ballistic firing tables for the U.S. Defense Department.

Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Calculator (ENIAC)

Features of First Generation

Computers First Generation Computer

were too bulky in size and requiring large rooms for installation.

In first Generation computer used thousands of Vacuum tubes that emitted large amount of heat and burnt out Frequently.

Each Vacuum Tube Consumed about half watt of power.

1956 IBM 350 RAMAC

Second generation [1959-64]

Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.

Up to 32K of memory.

Programming in computer languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.

Features of Second Generation

ComputersSecond Generation Computer were Smaller than First Generation Computers and required Smaller Space. They Consumed less Power and dissipated less heat then the First Generation Computers. The Area in Which the Second Generation Computers were located Still required to be Properly air Conditioned.They were more reliable and less Power to hardware failures then the first Generation Computers.

As Vacuum tubes used filaments, they had limited life Because a c0mputer used thousands of vacuum tubes. These Computers were prone to frequent hardware failures. Due to low mean time between failures , these Computers required Constant maintenance. Since first generation computers were difficult to program and use, they limited commercial use.

Third Generation:

1965-1971

Used integrated circuits.

Up to 3 million bytes of memory.

Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing processor speed.

Features of Third Generation

ComputersThird Generation

Computer were more

powerful than second

generation computers. They

were Capable of Performing

about one million

instructions per second.

They were more reliable

and less prone to hardware

failures than second

generation Computers

requiring lower maintenance

cost.

Time sharing Operating System allowed interactive usage and simultaneous use of these systems by multiple users.Standardization of high level Programming languages allowed programs written for one Computer to be easily ported to and executed on another Computer.Time Sharing Operating System also made online Systems feasible resulting in usage of these Systems for new on line applications.Minicomputers of third Generation made Computers affordable

Personal computers or PCs.

Usually cost about $2,000 or less.

Process over 1 billion operations per second.

“Stand-alone” or connected to other computers as a network system.

Fourth Generation:

1972-Now

Microcomputers

TEA

Features of Fourth Generation

Computers

PCs were smaller and Cheaper than mainframes or minicomputers of third Generation. They Consumed less Power than Third Generation Computers. They were More Reliable and less prone to hardware failures than Third Generation Computers requiring negligible maintenance Cost. They had Faster and larger primary and Secondary Storage as Compared to Third Generation Computer. They were General Purpose Machines.

Use of Standard High level Programming language allowed Programs written for one Computer to be easily ported to and executed on another Computer.Graphical User Interface (GUI) enabled new Users to Quickly learn how to Use Computers.PC based applications made PCs a Powerful tool for both Office and Home Usage.In addition to unbundled Software, these Systems also used add-on hardware feature that allowed users to invest only in the hardware Configuration and software of their need and value. PCs of fourth Generation made Computers affordable even by individuals for their personal use at home.

Fifth Generation [1990 to Present]

The Development of Super

Computers was the key

motivation of 5th Generation

Computer. Super Computer

were develop with ULSI(Ultra

Large Scale Integration). These

are Knowledge Processing

System. Concept Like Artificial

Intelligence and Distributed

Processing were incorporated

.fifth Generation Desktop PCs

and Workstations are several

times more Powerful than PCs of

Features of Fifth Generation

ComputersPortable PCs (Called notebook

Computers) are much Smaller and handy than PCs of fourth Generation allowing Users to Use Computing Facility even while travelling.

fifth Generation Desktop PCs

and Workstations are Several times more Powerful than PCs of Fourth Generation.

They are more Reliable and less

prone to hardware failures then 4th

generation computers.

Fifth Generation Computer is

more User Friendly interfaces with

multimedia features make the

systems easier to learn and use by

anyone ,including Children.

Newer and more powerful

applications including multimedia

features make the Systems more

useful in every occupation.

Explosion in the size of the

Internet Coupled with Internet based

tools and applications have made

these systems influence the life of

even Common People.

These System also use the

Concept of Unbundled software and

add on hardware allowing the users

Evolution of Dr. U’s Computer1990 2004 Factor

Speed 16 MHz 2 GHz 125x

Storage 20 MB 120 GB 6000x

Memory 1 MB 1 GB MB 1000x

Cost $2250 $750 .33x

Computers Progress UNIVAC

(1951-1970) (1968 vers.)

Mits

Altair

(1975)

IBM PC

(1981)

Macintosh

(1984)

Pentium

IV

Circuits

Integrated

Circuits

2 Intel

8080

Microchip

Intel 8088

Microchip - 29,000

Transistors

Motorola

68000

Intel P-IV

Microchip - 7.5 million

transistors RAM

Memory

512 K 265 Bytes 256 KB 256 MB

Speed 1.3 MHz 2 KHz 4.77 MHz 3200 MHz

= 3.2 GHz

Storage 100 MB

Hard Drive

8” Floppy

Drive

Floppy

Drive

Floppy

Drives

Hard

Drive,

Floppy,

CD-Rom

Size Whole

Room

Briefcase (no monitor)

Briefcase

+ Monitor

Two

shoeboxes (integrated

monitor)

Small

Tower

Cost $1.6 million $750 $1595 ~$4000 $1000 -

$2000