elements and principles part 1

8/12/2019 Elements and Principles Part 1

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ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLESOF DESIGN


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DESIGN: defined

!To plan, to organize

!To seek solutions to visual problems


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Elements Principles!1. LINE

!2. SHAPE & FORM

!3. VALUE

!4. COLOR

!5. TEXTURE

!6. SPACE

!1. SCALE & PROPORTION

!2. BALANCE

!3. CONTRAST

!4. EMPHASIS

!5. UNITY & VARIETY

!6. RHYTHM


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The Elements:

!Are the ingredients used to createdesign; the PRINCIPLES combine to

create your recipe for good design.

! In both art & nature the elements are

seldom seen alone, but in combination.


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Line

A series of connected points.

1. Outlines-Lines made by the edge of an object orits silhouette.

2. Contour Lines-Lines that describe the shape ofan object and the interior detail.

3. Gesture Lines-Lines that are energetic and catchthe movement and gestures of an active figure.


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More Types of Line

4. Sketch Lines- Lines that captures the

appearance of an object or impression of a

place.5. Calligraphic Lines- Greek word meaning

beautiful writing. Precise, elegant

handwriting or lettering done by hand.

6. Implied Line- Lines that are not actuallydrawn but created by a group of objects seen

from a distance.


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Leonardo da Vinci Alphonse Mucha


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Ben Shahn used contour line to draw this portrait.

A Tahitian artist stamped this tapa design with repeatedlines to form patterns.


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Shape

A shapeis a closed area bounded by lines.

When a line crosses itself or intersects with

other lines to enclose a space it creates a

shape. Shapeis two-dimensional; it has height and

width but no depth.


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Types of Shapes

Geometric Shapes-Circles,squares, rectangles and triangles.

We see them in architecture andmanufactured items.

Organic Shapes-Leaves,

seashells, flowers. We see themin nature and with characteristicsthat are free flowing, informal andirregular.


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Does the

artist use

organic

or

geometric

shapes?

Wassily Kandinsky


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Does theartist use

organic

or

geometric

shapes?

Wassily Kandinsky


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More Types of Shapes Positive Shapes-In a drawing or painting

positive shapes are the solid forms in a

design such as a bowl of fruit. In a sculpture itis the solid form of the sculpture.

Negative Shapes-In a drawing it is the space

around the positive shape or the shape

around the bowl of fruit. In sculpture it is theempty shape around and between the

sculptures.


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Positive vs. Negative

Still Life With Quince, Apples andPears by Paul Cezanne

Aurora by Mark di Suvero


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Positive or Negative Shapes?


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Form When a two-

dimensional shapebecomes three-

dimensional it is nolonger called a shapebut a form.

Shading a circle (2-D)can turn it into a sphere(3-D).


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Value

Valueis the range of lightness and

darkness within a picture.

Valueis created by a light source that

shines on an object creating highlightsand shadows


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ValueCreates

Depth Valuemakes

an object lookthree-dimensional

with highlightsand castshadows.

Rind by M.C. Escher


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Or in a landscape where the colors get lighter in value

as they recede into the background.


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A Value Scale

AValue Scaleis a

scale that shows

the gradual changefrom its lightest

value, white, to its

darkest value,black.


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Color the property of objects that, depending on

the light they reflect, is perceived as red,blue, yellow or other hues.

Color is considered

warm

or cool.


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Cool Colors vs. Warm colors

Color can evoke moods and

feelings, or a sense of place.


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Color Wheel Primary

colors: red,

yellow, blue. Secondary

colors:orange,

violet, green. Tertiary

colors


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Complementary Colors Colors that are

opposite each otheron the color wheel.

The primary colors &their complementsare:

redand green blueand orange

yellowand purple


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Complementary Colors

When placed next to each otherthey look bright and whenmixed together they neutralize

each other. In the example above different

amounts of green are mixedwith its complement red.


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Tints & Shades White added to a

color makes a tint of

that color A tiny bit of black

makes a shade of

that color.

http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/wat

ch_value_tint.cfm


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Actual vs. Implied Texture

Actualtexture in

the jewelry (above) Impliedtexture in

the Vermeer

painting


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Space

Spacedescribes an illusioncreated in a2-dimensional work of art.

Lines and shapes are organized to help aviewer see depth.


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Ways to show the illusion of space:

Overlapping

Red Room: Harmony in Red--Matisse

Take a shape

and allow it to

partially coveranother shape

he shape that

is whole

appears to becloser to you.


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Perspective A system of lines used

to create an illusion of

depth Parallel lines appear

to converge at a single

point (vanishing point)

on the horizon. Thehorizon is always at

our eye level.

elements and principles part 1

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