species - j-stage

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Species Diversity, 2008, 13, 133-148

Agromyzidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Alishan Mountains,

Taiwan, with Descriptions of Five New Species

Mitsuhiro Sasakawa

7a7 Kbrigaoka, Htrakata City, Osaka. 5re-O084 Jqpan

E-mai:[email protected]

(Received 2 August 20e7; Accepted 25 February 2008)

This paper is based on 58 specimens of Agromyzidae collected by staff of

the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, in the Alishan Mountains (alt. 1,SOO-2,400m)

of Taiwan. Eighteen species are represented. Five of these are described asnew to science: Cerodontha (JCteromyza) alishana sp. nov., Liriompza tnaaisp. nov,, L. strunzosa sp. nov,, Pbetomyza pseudoangelicae sp. nov,, and R

quadrispinosa sp. nov. Seven species in six genera, ineluding two uncoml

mon species tn Europe, PIrytolirtompza aipicola (Strobl, 1898) and Phytompzasalviae (Hering, 1924), are recorded as new to the Taiwanese fauna of this

family, bringing the total number now to 107 species,

Key Words: Insecta, Diptera, Agrornyzidae, Taiwan, new speeies, new

records,

Introduction

Ninety-five species belonging to ]6 genera of the family Agromyzidae are

known to occur in Taiwan at present (Ma]loch 1914; Spencer 1961; Sasakawa 1963a,

1972, 1977, 1996; Shiao and Wu 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000; Liao and Shiao 2001; Shiao 2004;

Shiao and Wu 2005). The fauna ef agromyzid Ieafminers in Tajwan, being domi-

nated by the genus Phytompza Fallen, 1810 in addition to the tropical genusMelanagromyza Hendel, 1920, is notewerthy in comparison with that in other

countries in the Oriental Region (Sasakawa 1972), The occurrence of 12 species in the Alishan area of Chiayi County (Hsien), Tai-

wan, was recorded by Sasakawa (1972): Miglanagromyza provecta (de Meijere, 1910),Agroinyza obesa Malloch, 1914, Cerodontha (Poernyza) hirta Sasakawa, 1972, Lirio-

mpza brassicae (Riley, 1884), L. pusilla (Meigen, 1830), Pbytompza takasagoensis

Sasakawa, 1972, P. tomentetta Sasakawa, 1972, P. valida Sasakawa, 1972, P. ya-sumatsui (Sasakawa, 1955), Chromatompia horticola (Goureau, 1851), C, perangusta

(Sasakawa, 1972), and C plantaginis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851),

In this paper 18 species are reeorded, of which five are new to science and

seven are new to the Taiwanese fauna. Especially, the present confirmation of fbur

Palaearctic species, Miglanagronzyza aeneoventris (Fallen, 1823), berodontha (Xeno-pbytomb,xa) bisetosa ZIobin, 1994, Phytotiriompza aipicola (Strobl, 1898), and Phyto-

mp,za satviae (Hering, 1924), as new to Taiwan at high altitudes, represents an in-

teresting extension of their ranges.




134 Mitsuhiro Sasakawa

Materials and Methods

The leafmining flies studied here were collected by staff of the Bernice P.Bishep Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii (BPBM), Drs T, C, Maa, K, S, Lin, and C. M.Yoshimoto, mostly in the Alishan Mountains, 1,800-2,400m in altitudes, of ChiayiCounty, Taiwan, in 1962, 1965, and 1972. AII flies are dried specimens.

The type specimens of the five new species and other specimens examined are

deposited in the collection of the BPBM, The terminology, measurements, and ab-

breviations of certain bristles or setae are the same as those employed bySasakawa (1963a).

Systematics

Melanagrompza aeneoventris (Fallen, 1823)

Agronayza aeneo-ventris Fallen, 1823: 4.MelanagroJmpza aenetventrts [sicl: Hendel 1931-1936: 158,

Material examined. Twe males, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maaand I.in; 3 females, Alishan, 2,400 m, 3-9 July 1972, coll. Maa,

Remarks. This large, gr'eenish-black species is distinctive in having the pro-jecting parafrontalia with two closely-adjeining ors and two widely-separated ori,

both reclinate and proclinate oh, and a white squamal fringe,

Host-plants. darduus and Cirsium (Cardueae) in Europe and Japan.

Distribution. Europe, Russia, Japan, Taiwan (new record).

Jctpanagrompza d"chesneae (Sasakawa, 1954)

Agronryza duchesneae Sasakawa, 1954: 106.Japanaburornyza duchesneaei Sasakawa 1958: 139.

Material examined. One male, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965,and I,in.

Host-plant. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke (Rosaceae) in Japan.

Distribution. Japan, Taiwan, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea,

coll. Maa

Agrompzaflavisquama Malloch, 1914

Agrompza flavisquama Malloch, 1914: 318; Sasakawa 1972: 45.

Material examined. Two females, Alishan, 2,400m,and Lin.

Distribution. Taiwan.

12-16 June 1965. coll. Maa



JapaneseSociety ofSystematic Zoology

Agromyzid leafminers of rliaiwan 135

Cerodontha (Ibteromyza) atishana sp. nov.

(Fig, 1)

Material examined. Holotype: male (BPBM 16674), Alishan, 2,400m, Chiayi

County, Taiwan, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maa and Lin. Paratypes: 2 females, samedata as holotype.

Diagnosis. This species is recognized without trouble by its black antenna

and palpus, the long mesophallus ventrally curved at midlength, and the very longtubules of the distiphallus.

Deseription. Male andfemale, Head yellow; frontalia orange; ocellar triangle

and occiput black; vertical angle, dorsal parafrontalia (between bases of first ors to

first ori and orbiO, and orbit below first ori brown; lunule whitish pruinose; an-

tenna and palpus entire]y black. Thorax and abdomen black; mesoscutum matte,

slightly gray-dusted; abdominal tergites and ovipositor sheath shiny, Wing hya-

line, base of vein R yellowish; calypter yellow, with margin and fringe dark brown;halter yellow. Legs brownish black, all knees distinctly yellow,

Frons 1.75 times as wide as eye, almost parallel-sided; parafirontalia broadened

ventrally below second ors, slightly projecting above eye in profile; parafacialia

linearly projecting beyend eye in profile; ors and ori each two; oh in sparse row;

ocellar triangle with ventral tip extending to level of second ors; lunule large,

semicircular; eye 1.2-1.3 times as high as broad; gena 1/6 height of eye; pm three or

four; first antennal fiage]lomere round, as long as wide, with minute pile; arista

microscopically pubescent, Mesoscutum with 1+3 dc, four rows of acr. Wing length 2.7mm in male, 3.0 in

female; costal sections 2-4 in ratio of 3.5-3.7 : 1.0 :O.6-O,7; r-m at middle of discal cell;

ultimate section of Mi 4,5-5,O times as long as penultimate; ultimate seetion of

CuA, equal to penultimate in length,

Male sixth sternite (S6) 1.3 times as wide as long, with median emargination

on posterior 1/3; fifth sternite (S5) about 1/2 length of S6. Epandrium with yellow

dorso-apical process, and one large and three small teeth at inner posterior ventral

Figs l, 2. Male genitalia of Cerodontha (Ibteronayza) alishana sp. nov,, holotype (1) and Phy-

toliriomp2a aipicola (Strobl, 1898), non-type frem Allshan (2), 1, Phallus, lateral view; 2, epan-

drium, surstylus, and cercus, left half, posterior view. Scale bars: O.1 mm.





corner; surstylus with 13 setae, distal two of them longer than others; cercus 213

height of epandrium; phallapodeme 1,050um long; hypandrium 500um long; phal-lus as in Fig, l; basiphallus shorter than mesophallus; hypophallus narrow; para-phallus arched; mesophallus distinctly curved at midlength; mesophallustdis-

tiphallus about six times as long as basiphallus; distiphallus with tubules slender,

curved posteriorly, and slightly swollen at ends; ejaculatory apodeme 190"m long,130 "m broad. Distribution. Taiwan.

Remarks. This new species is similar to Oriental Cerodontha (Ibterompza) du-plicata (Spencer, 1961) and C. (L) haralJ?i (Sasakawa, 1963), as well as Palaearctic C,

(L) bohemanni (Ryden, 1951), in having a long mesophallus and distiphallus (cfiRyden 1951; Spencer 1961; Sasakawa 1963b), but it can be clearly distinguishedfrom them by the black antenna and palpus (in the related species partially or en-

tirely yellow to dark brown), and longer mesophallus+distiphallus (6 times as longas the basiphallus in the new species, but only 3-5 times in the related species [seeSpencer (1961, fig. 44) for phallus of C. (L)dmplicata, Sasakawa (1963c, fig. 18) fbr C,(L) harclyi, and Nowakowski (1973, fig. 106) for C (L) bohemanni], Etymology. The specific name refers te the type locality,

Cerodontha (lbteromyza)piliseta (Becker, 1903)

Agrompa piliseta Becker, 1903: 190.Phytobia (Ibterompza)piliseta: Spencer 1959i 306.Cerodontha (icterompza)piliseta: Spencer 1966: 509.

Material examined. Two females, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maaand Lin.

Remarks. The females are of the dark form, with the frons dark brown and

first antennal flagellomere black, as seen in specimens from throughout the PacificIslands (Sasakawa 1963c; Spencer 1963). The characteristic male genitalia of thisspecies were described and illustrated by Sasakawa (2004, fig. 19). In the key to theTaiwanese species of Cerodontha presented by Sasakawa (1972), the bare eye of thisspecies was given as a distinguishing character firom C. (lbteromyza) hirsutaSasakawa, 1972. Examination of the present female specimens has revealed thatthe eye is actually provided with minute brownish hairs between the facets. Thischaracter is, therefbre, not adequate tbr dMerentiating between these two species.

Distribution. Southern Europe, Cape Verde Islands, Rhodesia, Seychelles,Taiwan (new record), Micronesia, Polynesia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea.

Cerodontha <Poemyza) hirta Sasakawa, 1972

Cerodontha (Poempza) hirta Sasakawa, 1972: 64.

Material examined. Three males, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maaand Lin; 1 female, Alishan, 2,270m, 8-9 April 1965, coll. Yoshimoto,

Remarks. The distinctive characters of this species are the yellow




Agromyzid leaiminers of Taiwan 137

parafrontalia, and the hairy eye and basiphallus,

Distribution. Taiwan.

Cerodontha (IYenQpdytotn:vza) bisetosa Zlobin, 1994

Cbrodontha (Xenophytomo?za) bisetosa Zlobin, 1994: 142; Sasakawa 2005: 50,

Material examined. One male, 1 female, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965,

coll. Maa and Lin.

Remarks. The specimens examined agree exactly with Zlobin's (1994) original

description of C]erodontha bisetosa from Russia and Japan, and particularly with

the illustrations of the male and female genitalia, except for the fo11owing intra-specific variation in the ma]e: the wing longer (2.5mm), acr arranged in eight

dense rows, and the tubule of the distiphallus straight, not turned backward at thetip.

Distribution. Russia (Far East), Japan, Taiwan (new record).

Phytoliriompza alpicola (Strobl, 1898)

(Fig. 2)

Agrompza aipicola Strobl, 1898: 272,Liriom",za aipicola: Hendel 1931-1936: 206.Pbytotiriomn,za aipicola: Spencer 1971: 162.

LemurimJ,za aipicola: Papp 1984: 306,

Material examined. Two males, 2 females, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965,

coll. Maa and Lin.

Remarks. This uncommon species, hitherto known from the Austrian Alps

and Scotland, is distinguished from its congeners by the coloration ot' body and

structures of the male genitalia, The characteristic eoloration is as fo11ows: head

with frons and gena yellow, face yellowish brown, antenna and palpus black; tho-

rax, abdomen, and legs black; notopleuron, ventral half of postpronotal lobe

(humerus), and dorsal quarter of anepisternum yellow; halter brownish black. The

epandrium with surstylus and phallus were first illustrated by Spencer (1971), but

his figure of the epandrium (Spencer 1971, fig. 32) is inaccurate. The characters of

the genitalia, therefore, are described here in detail (Fig. 2): epandrium with steut

spine at middle near inner posterior margin, one long and five pectinate processesabove base of surstylus, and one or twe spinulae at posterior ventral corner;

surstylus with distal spine slightly swollen apically, one seta near base of the

spine, and several setulae on apex of anterior ]obe; phallapodeme 450 um long; hy-

pandrium 300um long; phallus 350um leng, basiphallus weakly sclerotized, dis-

tiphallus slightly longer than mesophallus; ejaculatory apodeme small, mushroom-

shaped, 100 ttm Iong, 75 ptm broad. Distribution. Austria, Scotland, Taiwan (new record).





Ph:ptoliriompza arctica (Lundbeck, 1900)

Agrom{y2a arctica Lundbeck, l900: 304.Agrorrayza formosensis Malloch, 1914: 315.Pdytoliriomyza arctica: Shewell 1953: 469.

Material examined. Three males, 2 females, Alishan, 2,40em, 12-16 June 1965,coll. Maa and Lin.

Host-plants. Crapis, Lqpsana, and Sonchus (Lactuceae) in Europe, and Solid-ago (Asteraceae) in Canada.

Distribution. Holarctie, Oriental, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions,

Liriomyza maai sp, nov.

(Figs 3 5)

Material examined. Holotype: male (BPBM !6675), Alishan, 2,400m, ChiayiCounty, Taiwan, 12--16 June 1965, coll. Maa and Lin, Paratype: 1 male, same local-ity as holotype, 3-9 July i972, coll. Maa.

Diagnosis. This species is unique in having the paraflrontalia, face, theracicpleura, and legs all blackish, the hypophallic sclerites unequal, and an additional

sclerite at the base of the right hypophallus,

Description. Male. Head with frontalia and gena yellowish brown, ocellar tri-ang}e and parafrontalia blackish brown, occiput black, lunule brown, face brown-ish black but epistoma narrowly yellow; antenna with scape and pedicel blackishbrown, first flagellomere orange. arista blackish brown; palpus o]range butbrowned apically. Thorax blaek; mesoscutum brow･n-tinged posterior]y, shiny;

scutellum yellow, slightly brown-tinged; notopleuron dark brown; mesopleural su-

ture narrowly yellow. Wing hyaline, veins yellow at bases; calypter grayish, withmargin and fringe brown; halter ye!low, Legs entirely brownish black. Abdomenshiny dark brown, second to sixth tergites (T2-6) -rith posterior margins narrowly

yellow; epandrium brown, cercus yellow.

Frons nearly 1,5 times as wide as eye, almost parallel-sided; parafirontalia notor very slightly projecting above eye in profile, bearing two ors and two ori; oh inrow; parafacialia linearly projecting beyond eye in profile; eye 1.5 times as high asbroad; gena lf5 height of eye; first antennal fiagellomere rQund, as long as wide,

minutely pilose; arista as long as eye height, minutely pubescent. Mesoscutum with 1+3 dc, four rows of acr, Wing 2.2 mm long, costa extending

to M,, with sections 2-4 in ratio ef 2.5-2.7:1.0:O.7, r-m beyond middle of discal cell,ultimate section of M, 9.5-11.0 times as long as penultimate, ultimate section of

CuA, 2,5-3.0 times as long as penultimate. Mid tibia without or with pd. Genitalia as in Figs 3-5; epandrium with spine at inner posterior ventral cor-

ner; surstylus small, with apical spine and several setae; hypandrium 280 ptm long;phallapodeme 630um long; phallus as long as hypandrium; hypophallus with

transparent spine-like process apically; distiphallus 120"m Iong, cQnsisting of twotermina]]y swollen tubules; ventro-distal membrane of basiphallus covered with

minute hairs; ejaculatory apodeme 190"m long, 160um broad, basal bulb with scle-

rite distinctly pigmented on lateral ends.




Agromyzid leafuiiners of Taiwan 139

5 8

9

-

6

Figs 3-9. Male genitalia of Liriomyxa maai sp. nov., paratype (3-5) and L, strumosa sp. nov.,

holotype (6-9), 3, 6, Inner left (3) and inner right (6) ventral part of epandrium, surstylus, and

processus longus; 4, 7, phallus, lateral view; 5, hypophallus and distiphallus, ventral view; 8,

mesophallus and distiphallus, ventral view; 9, ejaculatory apodeme. Scale bar: O.lmm for

Figs 3, 4, 6-9; O.05mm fbr Fig. 5.





lipmale, Unknown. Distribution. Taiwan.

Remarks. It seemed at first that this species should belong to either the genusGaliomyza Spencer, 1981 or MetQpomyza Enderlein, 1936, owing to the dark col-oration of the body and legs; however, the structures of the epandrium, surstylus,

and phallus are quite typical of the genus Liriompza Mik, 1894, The present speciesis somewhat similar to European Liriomyza viilgula Frey, 1946 (q,v,) in general ap-pearance, but the differences in coloration and phallic shape are striking. Thehead is particularly dark in the new species and the distiphallus is bulbous at theend, while in L, virgula the head is largely yellow and the distiphallus is bulbousat the base (see Spencer 1976, figs 498, 499), Etymology. The species is named after the collector, the late Dr T. C. Maa, fbr-merly of BPBM, Honolulu.

Liriompza strumosa sp. nov.

(Figs 6-9)

Material examined. Holotype: male (BPBM 16676), Alishan, 2,400m, ChiayiCounty, Taiwan, 12--l6 June 1965, coll, Maa and Lin, Paratype: 1 female, same dataas holotype.

Diagnosis. This species is distinct in the yeliow coloration of the vertical

angle, postorbit, posterior margin of the male mesoscutum, and femora, and inhavingaglandiform base of the distiphallus. -

Description. Male, Head yellow, frontalia very slightly tinged with brown; oc-

ciput black, not extending to vertical angle and postorbit; antenna and palpus yel-low, arista pale brown. Thorax black; mesoscutum sparsely gray-dusted, weaklyshining, with posterior margin adjoining scutellum yellow and broadened Iater-ally; postpronotal lobe yellow, with narrow pale brown stripe before base of h;pleura yellow except for brawn triangles on katepisternum and katepimeron;scutellum yellow, with black latero-proximal triangle, Wing hyaline, veins yellowat bases; calypter yellowish, with margin and firinge brown. Legs yellow, tibiae andtarsi brown-tinged with those of mid and hind legs more darkened, Abdomen darkbrewn, T2-6 with posterior margins indistinctly pale; epandrium brown, cercus

yellow.

Frons nearly twice as wide as eye; parahontalia distinctly and parafacialia lin-ear]y projecting beyond eye in profile; ors and orj each two, second ori very short;oh in row; eye 1.4 times as high as broad; gena about 1/4 height of eye; pm three orfour; first antennal flagellomere small, round, with long whitish pile; arista almost

as leng as eye height, microscopically pubescent.

Mesoscutum with 1+3 dc, four rows of acr. Wing 2.1mm long, costa extending

to M,, with sections 2-4 in ratio of 3.0:1.0:O,8, r-m slightly beyond middle of discalcell, ultimate seetion ef CuA, 1.5 times as long as penultimate. Genitalia as in Figs 6-9; epandrium with clubbed process and short spine at

inner posterior ventral corner; surstylus ovoid, with one spine and several setae;

processus longus distinct; phallapodeme 600gem long; hypandrium 340um long;

phallus 420"m long, hypophallus densely hairy on apex; distiphallus swollen at

base, with distal tubules rather long and divergent at ends; ejaculatory apodeme




Agromyzid leafrniners of Taiwan 141

large, 185 u,m long, 125um broad, bulb largely sclerotized.

Female. Similar to male, but mesoscutum lacking yellow posterier margin,

only with yellow spots at posterior lateral corners; legs with three distal tarso-

meres brown-tinged; abdemen brownish black, T2-6 with posterior margins nar-

rowly yellow (broadest on T6); ovipositor sheath shiny b]ack; wing 1.6mm long,

costal sections 2-4 in ratio of 3,5 : 1.0 :O,9; ultimate section of CuAi 2.5 times as long

as penultimate. Distribution. Taiwan.

Remarks. This new species is similar to Austrian Liriom{yza globulariae Hen-

del, 1931, known only by the female holotype, in its coloration and chaetotaxy, In

the new species, however, the parafacialia projects only a little beyond the eye in

prefile and the anepisternum is entirely yellow, whereas in L. globulariae, the fbr-

mer distinctly projects beyond the eye, and the latter has a keel-shaped black

marking cephalo-ventrally. The strumose distiphallus is also seen in European L.

buhri Hering, 1937 (q.v.) and L. frqyella Spencer, 1976, but the structures of their

basal bulbs are all clearly different; for the phalli of L. buhri and L. frayella, see

Spencer (1976, figs 402, 403 and fig, 433, respectively), The long and narrow proces-

sus Iongus of this species is somewhat similar to those of some speeies of the genusCerodontha Rondani, 1891, but in this new species it is neither hooked nor serrated

at the tip,

Etymology. From the Latin adjective strumosus (scrofulous), referring to the

distiphallus with its basal swelling,

Pseudonapompza spicata (Malloch, 1914)

Phytompza spicata Malloch, 1914: 334.PseudonqpoTayza spicata: Hennig 1941:173; Sasakawa 1972: 73.

Material examined. One female, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965, coll.

and Lin.

Host-plants. Panicunz, Triticum, Zea, and many wild grasses (Poaceae). Distribution. Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, India, Japan, Egypt.

Maa

Phytom{yza pseudoangelicae sp. nov.

(Figs 10, 11)


County, Taiwan, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maa and Lin.

Diagnosis. This new species is recognized by the dark lateral sides of the

mesoscutum, the enlarged palpus, the pair of small sclerites near the basiphallic

base, the well-defined mesophallus, and the slender tubules of the distiphallus,

Deseription. Male. Head yellow, ocellar triangle and occiput black, vertical

angle brown, both vt growing on dark area, face dark brown except for ventral

margin yellow; antenna and palpus black. Thorax black; mesoscutum gray-dusted,

matte, with lateral sides shiny brown; scutellum brown-tinged; anepisternum with

dorsal margin yellow and broadened posteriorly, mspl at edge of black area, Wing





15 Y ---a

Figs 10-15. Male genitalla of Pbytomp:za pseudoangelicae sp, nov., holotype (10, 11) and P.

quadrispinosa sp, nov., paratype (I2-15), 10, 13, Phallus, lateral view; 11, distal end of

basiphallus, mesophal]us, and distlphallus, ventral view; 12, epandrium, surstylus, and cer-

cus, right half, posterior view; 14, hypophallus, mesophallus, and distiphallus, ventral view;

15, ejaeulatory apedeme. Scale bar: O.1mm,




Agrorny, zid Ieafrniners of Taiwan 143

hyaline, veins yellow at bases; calypter yellow, with margin and fringe brown; hal-

ter yellow. Legs black, only fbre knee narrowly brownish yellow. Abdomen dark

brown, T2 5 each with posterior margin narrowly yellow.

Frons twice as wide as eye; parafirontalia slightly projecting above eye in pro-file; ors two, first ors distinctly shorter than second; ori two, second ori shorter

than first ors, eh in dense row; eye 1.2 times as high as broad, bare; gena 1/4 height

of eye; pm five, one setula above vi; first antennal flagellomere round, as long as

wide, broader than genal height (5.0:3.5), with dorso-apical pile as long as basal

thickness of arista; arista as long as eye height, minutely pubescent; palpus broad,

about 1/2 as wide as first antennal flagellomere.

Mesoscutum with 1+3 dc, four rows of aer. Wing 2,8mm long, costal sections

2-4 in ratio of 5.0 : 1.0: 1,2,

Epandrium with surstylus setose; cercus with distal seta as long as about 2/3

height of cercus; hypandrium 330um long; phallapodeme 650,um long; epiphallus

80gm; phallus as in Figs 10 and 11, 450um long, basiphallus with additional small

sclerite at base of each sclerite; hypophallus with left sclerite separated from

basiphallus but right one connected with Iatter, and both sclerites not connected at

their ventral ends; mesophallus just laterad of distiphallus, rather long; distiphal-

lus with distal tubules slender; ejaeulatory apodeme 170"m long, broadly ex-

panded, 210um broad.

Female. Unknown. Distribution. Taiwan,

Remarks. This new species is closely related to the Angelica-leai'miners:

Holarctic Ptrytompza angeticae Kaltenbach, 1874 and Japanese P. kibunensis

Sasakawa, 1953, which also have dark coloration and slender distiphallic tubules

(cf Kaltenbaeh 1874; Sasakawa 1953), but it is distinguishable from them by its

darker face (in the related species yellow to pale brown) and the presence of small

sclerites at the base of the basiphallus, a ]onger mesophallus, and a larger ejacula-tory apodeme [for genitalia of P. angeZicae and P. hibunensis, see Griffiths (1973,figs 20-22 and figs 24-26, respectively)].

Phytomyza quadrispinosa sp, nov.

(Figs 12-15)


County, 3-9 July 1972, coll. Maa. Paratypes: 4 males, 1 female, same data as holo-

type; 5 males, same locality as holotype, 12-16 June 1965, coll, Maa and Lin; 1 fe-

male, Kwantzeling, Tainan County, 250m, 6 7 April 1965, coll, Yoshimoto.

Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this species are distinctive: epandrium with

strongly chitinized sclerite along posterior margin, hypandrium extremely broad-

ened at base, basiphallus and mesophallus each with a pair of long spines, and

eja¢ ulatory apodeme very small.

Description. Mate. Head yellow; occiput black, extending to vertical angle,

both vt arising from dark ground; face with antennal grooves dark brown mesally;

antenna and palpus entirely black. Thorax and abdomen black; mesoscutum

matte, gray-dusted; postpronotal lobe dorsally and posteriorly yellow, except for

brown spot on anterior ventral margin; notopleuron yellow; anepisternum with





dorsal margin narrowly yellow (1/8-1!10 ot' its pleural height); abdomen usually

shiny, T2-5 usually with yellow posterior margins; epandrium slightly tinged withbrown, cercus pale brown. Wing hyaline, veins yellowish at bases; calypter yellow,with margin and fringe brown to black; halter yellow. Legs brownish black butfore femur with knee yellowish, mid-femoral knee sometimes pale brown.

Frons 2.0 2.3 times as wide as eye; parafrontalia slightly or net projectingabove eye in profile; ors two, first ors about 3f4 iength of second; ori two, second

ori less than 1!2 length of first or occasionally absent; oh in row; lunule almostsemicircular; eye 1.4-1.5 times as high as broad; gena about 115 height of eye (lf3when parafacialia slightly projecting beyond eye in profile); pm 4-6 and one setula

above vi; first antennal flagellomere round, slightly wider than long, as wide as or

slightly wider than genal height, minutely pilose; arista as long as eye height,minutely pubeseent.

Mesoscutum with l i-3 dc, four rows of acr but sometimes two or three rows be-fore suture, and 3--5 postsutural ia-setulae, posteriormost one of them longer thanacr. Wing 2.2-2,6 mm long, costal sections 24 in ratio ef 3.0-4.0 :O.8-O.9: 1.0,

Genitalia as in Figs 12-15; epandrium with brown to black narrow sclerite

along posterior margin just above base of surstylus; cercus with long distal seta;surstylus with 18-20 setae; hypandrium 280-320um long, side pieces broadly unitedat base (nearly 1/3 of whole hypandrial length), pregonite with one or two long setaand two setulae; phallapodeme 580 -650,um long; basiphallus 300-410um long, eachsclerite with long spine at midlength; hypophallus arched ventrally; mesophallicsclerites short, each with Iong distal spine; distiphallus 170-200,um long, with

tubules chitinized distally; ejaeulatory apodeme small, 55-60ttm long, 35-50ttmbroad.

Fenzale. Similar to male, but only T6 yellowish along posterior margin; ovipos-

itor sheath shiny black; wing 2.5-2.8 mm long, Distribution. Taiwan,

Remarks. This new species is similar to European Pdytompza oenanthica Her-ing, 1949 (male unknown) and Japanese P. oenanthes Sasakawa, 1955 in the col-

oration (cf, Hering 1949; Sasakawa 1955a). It can be distinguished from the lattertwo species by the relatively longer wing (2,2-2.8mm in the new species, but lessthan 2.0mm in both related species) and more densely arranged acrostichals (fourrows in the new species, whereas only two or three rows in the related species).

The spined phallus of this new species is somewhat similar to that of P. oenanthes,but the spines on each basiphallus and mesophallus in this new species are only

two in number and very long, while in P. oenanthes the basiphallus is providedwith many spinules near the distal end and the mesophallus has two minute

spmes,

Etymology. The specific name is fi"om the Latin, referring to the "fbur

spines"

on the phallus.

Pdytomyza salviae (Hering, 1924)

AJctponLyza salviae Hering, 1924: 31, 40.Phytonzyza ballotae Hering, 1930: 456; Spencer 1990: 400.Phytomyza salviae: Papp 1984: 336,




Agremyzid leafrniners of Taiwan 145

Material examined. Four males, 3 females, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965,coll. Maa and Lin; 1 male, 1 female, Fenhiku [Fenchihu?], Chiayi County, 17 June

1965, co]l. Maa and Lin.

Remarks. This brownish-black species has two Qrs almost equal in length,

two sparse rows of acr, a wing length of 1.7-2.0mm, a short second costal section

(1,7--1.9 times as long as fourth section), and crossvein m-cu situated slightly be-

yond the base of r-m. The male genitalia are characteristic as follows: phal-lapodeme 500-580,um long, phallus 300"m long <not included up-turned tubule ofdistipha]lus); basiphallus shorter than mesophallus, with sclerites crossed at distalends; hypophallus short, arched ventrally; mesophallic sclerites parallel-sided; dis-

tiphallus bulbous at base, with two distal tubu]es curved dorsally almost at right

angle and divergent dista}ly; ajaculatory apodeme very large, semicircular, 250"m

leng and broad. For the phallus, see also Spencer (1990, figs 776, 777>, although that

paper included no detailed description,

Host-plant. Salvia (Lamiaceae) in Germany.

Distribution. Europe, Taiwan (new record).

Ph:vtonayza vitalbaeKaltenbach, 1874

Pdytomp2a vitalbaeKaltenbach, 1874: 4; Sasakawa 1972: 81.

Material examined. Two males, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965, coll. Maa

and Lin.

Remarks. This species is characterized by the black pedicel and first flagel-

Iomere of the antenna, the yellow central stripe on the scutellum, and the ex-

tremely long, coiled tubule of the distiphallus.

Host-plant. Clematis sp. (Ranunculaceae). Distribution. Europe, Nepal, Taiwan, Australia, South Africa.

Piop,tompza yasumatsui (Sasakawa, 1955)

IVtipormp,za yasumatsui Sasakawa, 1955b: 16,

Phytompza yasumatsui: Sasakawa 1972: 81.

coll.Material

examined. Four males, 4 females, Alishan, 2,400m, 12-16 June 1965,

Maa and Lin; one male, Alishan, 2,400 m, 3--9 July 1972, coll, Maa.

Host-plants. Clematis and Anenione spp. (Ranunculaceae) in Japan.

Distribution. Japan, Taiwan,

Chromatompia milii (Kaltenbach, 1864)

Pajitompza milii Kaltenbach, 1864: 248,

Chromatomyia nzilii: Griffiths 1974: 37.

Material examined. Three males, 2 females, Alishan, 2,400 m, 12-16 June 1965,




146 Mitsuhiro Sasakax･va

coll. Maa and Lin; 1 male, Alishan, 2,400m, 3-9 July 1972, coll. Maa; 1 male, Ali-shan, 1,800m, 11 February 1962, coll. Yoshimoto.

Remarks. Morphological characters of adults and larvae, and also the mining

habit, were described in detail by Grilfiths (1980). Host-plants. Agrostis and HOIcus (Aveneae), Poa (Poeae), and Milium (Sti-peae),

Distribution. Europe, Kamchatka, Canada, India, Taiwan (new record), Mo-rocco.

Acknowledgrnents

I wish to express my gratitude to Drs Neal L. Evenhuis and K, Arakaki, Ber-nice P. Bishop Museum, who kindly provided me the opportunity to study the ma-

terial, and to Dr S, F, Shiao, National Taiwan University, for valuable informationon the Taiwanese agromyzid leaiminers.

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species - j-stage

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