appendicular skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle

Clavicles

Slender, curved, S-shapedAcromial End

Sternal end

Upper Arm

Humerus

Lower Arm

Radius Interosseous Membrane Ulna

Wrist and Hand 8 carpals

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetreum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

5 metacarpal 14 phalangeal

Pollex

Pelvic Girdle Coxal bone

Ilium Iliac crest

Ischium Sitting

Acetabulum Pubis

Pubic symphysis

Pelvis

2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx

Female pelvis Smoother Lighter Larger outlet Broader pubic angle Childbirth advantages

Female vs. Male Pelvis

Pelvis Differences

Characteristic Female Male

Bone thickness Lighter, thinner, and smoother Heavier, thicker, and more prominent markings

Pubic arch/angle 80˚–90˚ 50˚–60˚

Acetabula Small; farther apart Large; closer together

Sacrum Wider, shorter; sacral curvature is accentuated

Narrow, longer; sacral promontory more ventral

Coccyx More movable; straighter Less movable; curves ventrally

Upper Leg

Femur

Tibia Interosseous Membrane Fibula

Lower Leg

Ankle and Foot Tarsal

Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Cuneiform (3)

Metatarsals Phalanges

Hallux