world war looms
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World War Looms. Chapter 24. Problems after world war i. Treaty of Versailles Economic unrest/depression Rise of dictators Solve problems through war. Joseph Stalin (USSR). Replaced Lenin (1924) Collectivization of Agriculture (large-government-owned farms) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WORLD WAR LOOMS
Chapter 24
PROBLEMS AFTER WORLD WAR I Treaty of Versailles Economic unrest/depression Rise of dictators
Solve problems through war
JOSEPH STALIN (USSR) Replaced Lenin (1924) Collectivization of Agriculture (large-
government-owned farms) 5 year Economic Plans turn USSR into 2nd
largest industrial power by 1937 Totalitarian Police State (complete control
over people, no rights, no opposition) Purges (1930’s): eliminate all
threats/enemies 1920’s/30’s: responsible for 20+ million dead
Figures range from 20-60 million deaths in the Stalin era
BENITO MUSSOLINI (ITALY) Il Duce (the leader) Fascist/Totalitarian state
NationalismMilitarismCharismatic leaderAllow private propertyAnti-democracy & communist
HIDEKI TOJO/MILITARY Emperor Hirohito (figurehead) Nationalism Expansionism
Living spaceResources
ADOLPH HITLER (GERMANY) Der Fuhrer (the leader) National Socialist German Workers
Party (NAZI): 1919 Symbol: swastika Fascist/totalitarian state Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Aryans: master race Inferior races: Slavs, non-whites who serve the
Aryans Jews: non-humans that are to be eliminated
Lebensraum: living space to the east for Germany
JANUARY 30, 1933: HITLER APPOINTED CHANCELLOR How are the Nazis elected?
Hitler is excellent public speakerTells groups what they want to hearViolence and intimidation against oppositionAnti-Treaty of VersaillesEconomic troubles addressed
Nazis pass laws establishing totalitarian state
HITLER SPEECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuMa
jt-qooE
AXIS AGGRESSION/ACTIONS LEADING UP TO WORLD WAR II
SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Fascist Francisco Franco (Germany/Italy)
vs. Anti-Franco Republicans (Western Democracies/USSR)
Franco wins and Spain becomes a fascist state
Positive for GermanyLuftwafe and military gain fighting
experienceChance to test blitzkrieg tactics
Negative for GermanySpain does not join Germany during the war
JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA (1931)/DECLARES WAR ON CHINA (1937) Resources & Land Brutal war with over 20 million Chinese
civilian deaths Rape of Nanking/Japanese atrocities in
the Pacific
AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR KURT VON SCHUSCHNIGG Refused Nazis in his government Germany annexed Austria
March 12, 1938 (Anschluss-Union)
MUNICH PACT: SEPTEMBER 30, 1938 Hitler, Mussolini, Neville chamberlain
(Britain), Edouard Daladier (France) Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia (3 million
German speaking people) Given to Germany Hitler claimed it would be his last
territorial demand
WINSTON CHURCHILL (BRITAIN) Policy of appeasement: giving in to
satisfy an aggressor March 1939: Germany take the rest of
Czechoslovakia
AUGUST 23, 1939: GERMAN-SOVIET NON-AGGRESSION PACT Germany can avoid a two-front war Secret agreement to divide up Poland
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: START OF WORLD WAR II Germany Invades Poland Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
Airpower, tanks, motorized infantry used in a surprise, massive attack
Avoid trench warfarePoland falls in 3 weeks
MAY 10, 1940: GERMANY INVADES FRANCE Schlieffen Plan (WWI)/Blitzkrieg through
Ardennes Forrest Drive to the English channel and trap
400,000 allied troops at Dunkirk Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium
invaded and fall Hitler’s mistakes at Dunkirk:
Uses planes not tanksBecome cautiousOver 300,00 troops evacuated (main part of
British army)
JUNE 21, 1940: FRANCE SURRENDERS Germany occupies
northern/western/coastal France Vichy France: puppet government in
southern France led by Marshal Petain Free French led by Charles de Gaulle
continue to fight
BATTLE OF BRITAIN (AUG. 1940-JUN. 1941) Invasion problem for Germany
(Operation Sea Lion)Must make amphibious landing against
British navy and Royal Air Force (RAF) Hitler begins air war against British
(Germany has more planes/pilots) Why British win battle?
Use of radarHitler begins bombing British cities not
military targets (The Blitz)
AIR WAR Allied strategic bombing of Axis powers
(B-17 Flying Fortress) Germans use V1 & V2 rockets Germany develops the first jet plane
(ME 262) but it comes too late to impact the war
ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO PACT SIGNED (SEPTEMBER 1940)
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1940 Democrats: FDR Republicans: Wendell Willkie FDR wins and breaks the 2 term
tradition
OPERATION BARBAROSSA (JUNE 22, 1941) Three German armies invade USSR Targets: Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad Russians use scorched earth policy (fall
back and destroy everything the Germans could potentially use)
Hitler’s mistakes:Keeps changing objectivesNot prepared for winterFails to use non-Russians (Ukrainians, etc.)
thus forcing these people to help Russia
UNITED STATES TO PEARL HARBOR 3 Neutrality Acts for isolationists (1930s) First peacetime draft in US history
(1940) Lend-Lease Act (1941) support countries
vital to our defense Atlantic Charter (1941): war goals of
US/Great Britain. Sets up United Nations.
DECEMBER 7, 1941: JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR US knows about an attack, but do not
think that it will be Hawaii Over 2,400 killed; most from USS
Arizona Japanese mistakes
Miss 3 US carriersFail to destroy repair docks & oil storage
facilities
HOLOCAUST:SYSTEMATIC MURDER OF 12 MILLION PEOPLE 6 million Jews & 6 million others
(Russians, Slavs, Gypsies, etc.) 1.5 million children and 2/3 of European
Jews
WHY PRIMARILY THE JEWS? Small minority in Germany History of Anti-Semitism in Europe
(Diaspora) Target/Blame for all of Germany’s
problems
WHY DID GERMAN CITIZENS ALLOW THIS TO HAPPEN? Benefit from anti-Jewish policies Afraid/Intimidation by Nazis
Most Germans were not Nazis, but feared their power/retaliation
Indifference
HOLOCAUST TIMELINE 1930s: German euthanasia program to
purify German race 1930s: concentration camps established
for the elimination of opposition & undesirables (Dachau- first one in 1933)
1933: Nazis encourage Jewish emigration, but anti-Semitism & economic depression prevents many from leaving
1935: Nuremberg Laws (Jews lost citizenship, jobs, & property. Could not marry non-Jews, must wear the Star of David)
TIMELINE CONTINUED 1938: Kristallnacht (Night of Broken
Glass) November 9th
Nazis attack Jews20,000 Jews sent to concentration camps Jews fined one billion marks (German
currency) for damages
TIMELINE CONTINUED 1939: Germany acquires land/people to the
east Ghettos: Jews forced into small areas of
occupied cities. Many die from conditions or intentionally killed. Used for slave labor and later deported to death camps.
Mass Shootings: used to eliminate undesirables Slow & inefficient Waste of resources Psychologically destroys soldiers
January 20, 1942: Wannsee conference Nazis develop and carry out the Final Solution to the
Jewish problem
GASSING Specifically designed vans
Slow, small, and waste of fuel Extermination Camps (6 in Poland)
Large showers using Zyklon –B cyanide gas Extermination Process:
Deportation: shipped by railroads like cattle to death camps
Arrival: able-bodied are used for slave labor and the rest are sent to gas chambers
Possessions: everything confiscated and used by Nazis (most items sent back to Germany)
Disposal: mass graves or crematories
MOVIE CLIPS Gas Chamber
Liquidation of Ghettos part 1
Liquidation of Ghettos part 2
“I’ve got to make room”
Hitler’s mistake: waste of men and resources when trying to fight a war
Nuremberg War Crimes Trial (November 22,1945 to October 1, 1946)Top 22 Nazis tried for war crimes against
humanity by Allied Powers3 acquittals, 7 prison terms, 12 death
sentences
International Military Tribunal: Far EastTop 25 Japanese leaders tried except
Emperor Hirohito18 prison terms, 7 death sentences
War Crimes TrialsNumerous held in Europe & Asia by the
AlliesAround 500,000 convictions