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    T C

    I ................................................................................................................................3

    D O D ...................................................................................................6

    O D A ...............................................................................................7

    O D A ...........................................................................................8

    A P S I N P ..............................................................................................9

    D E OD B ...........................................................10

    D OD B C ...................................................................11

    D OD B G O .........................................12

    FM A OD B ....................................................14

    FM L S ...............................................................................................15

    O OD B .........................................................................16

    T, M, F T ......................................................................17

    S D B? ..........................................................................................19

    O L A M B ...................................................................20

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    T C OD T .......................................................23

    T O CI ..........................................................................23

    T O I E .......................................................................26

    OD T MH .......................................................................28

    T R P T ..............................................................................................33

    T F N D ..........................................................................37

    C ................................................................................................................................42

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    OFFENSIE AND DEFENSIE ACTIONS

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    APURE STRATEG ISNOT POSSIBLE

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    D, A 2000 P

    1 I 2:4, M B, "A D L 'A' A

    D S," 16, . 1 (1941).

    2 B R. P, : , B,

    (I: C U P, 1984); S E, "C

    " (P.D. D, U C, 1984).

    3 J S, "CM R C O, 1914 1984,"

    9, . 1 (S 1984); J S,

    : 1914(I: C U

    P, 1984); J S, "P S D 1914,"

    , . R J, R N L, J G S (B:

    J H U P, 1985); S E, "T C O

    O F ," 9, . 1 (S 1984);

    S E, " C F 1914," 38, . 1 (O

    1985).

    4 A J S. L, "T O/D B

    M T: A T H A,"

    28 (1984). F S

    M. LJ, "OD T I C," 4, . 4

    (S 1995).

    5 S E, "O, D C ," 22,

    . 4 (S 1998); S E, :

    (C U P, 1999).

    6 C L. G C K, " I OD B C

    M I?" 22, . 4 (S 1998).

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    D, A 2000 P

    7 J . D, B I. F, S E. G, S E, C L.

    G, C K, "C: T O OD

    T," 23, . 3 ( 1998/99).

    8 T R J,

    (P U P, 1976). (S R

    J, "C S D," 30, . 2 (J

    1978).) J , R.

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    . B

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    (U C P, 1959), . 4; H B, "T T

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    G C. (P, 1972), . 123124.)

    9 S A, ., : ,

    (P U F, 1990).

    10 J. A. S E. S. C. , , S . (O:

    C, 1989).

    11 P R, , . A R, S . (P:

    L R, 1985); A R, , N .

    (P: D L R, 1994).

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