SKELETAL SYSTEM review

Major FunctionsThe skeletal system has several functions…

Major Functions• Support• Protection• Muscle attachment• Provide shape• Blood cell production• Storage of calcium

Generic PartsCan you name

some bone parts we have talked about in class???

Generic Parts• Epiphysis• Diaphysis• Cartilage• Marrow• Osteocytes

– Osteoblasts– Osteoclasts

The long and short of it

Long bones contain: compact bonespongy bone

and marrow, which makes red and white blood cells

cartilage• Connective tissue found in joints• Specialized cells called chondrocytes• Three types of cartilage

– Elastic– Hyaline– Fibrocartilage

• Does not contain blood vessels• Functions like a rubber cushion at ends of

joints

The skeleton is divided into two sections

Two sections

•Axial•Appendicular

Bones of the pelvis, arms, legs, hands, feet, clavicles, scapulae

The Axial skeleton

Another name for the skull is…

The skull consists of several bones that have fused together at joints

called sutures.Frontal

Parietal (2)Temporal (2)

OccipitalEthmoidSphenoid

Another name for the skull is…

The cranium

Facial bones

The mandible is also called the jaw bone.

The eye sockets are also called orbits.

Rib cage

Provides protection to heart & lungs

How many ribs are there???

The tip of the sternum is called the xiphoid. This part is

cartilage.

Rib cage

• 12 pairs• All attached to

the spine• 10 pairs attached

to the sternum• 2 pairs of

“floating ribs”

Spine - Vertebrae

•Cervical – 7•Thoracic – 12•Lumbar – 5•Sacrum•Coccyx – 1-3

Appendicular skeleton

In addition to the pelvis, arm, leg, hand, and foot bones, the clavicles and scapulae are included in this division

PelvisYou will notice

the sacrum and coccyx here also…

Pelvis• Ilium – iliac

crest• Ischium• Pubis –

symphysis

Arm

•Humerus•Radius•Ulna•Carpals•Metacarpals•Phalanges

Leg• Femur – head, neck, greater

and lesser trochanter• Patella• Tibia – medial ankle “bone”• Fibula – lateral ankle

“bone”• Tarsals – talus, calcaneus• Metatarsals• Phalanges

Types of Fractures

• Simple – break thru bone

• Compound – bone end thru skin

Types of Fractures

• Greenstick – bent bone

• Comminuted – splintered bone

Types of Fractures

• Impacted – bone pieces pressed together

• Spiral – break caused by twist

Types of Fractures

• Depressed

• Colles – fracture of the distal radius

Joint Types

• Synarthroses – immovable (such as cranial bones)

• Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable (such as synthesis pubis)

• Diathroses – freely moveable

Diathroses Joints

• Hinge – elbow, knee, fingers, toes

• Pivot – axis, forearm• Saddle – thumb• Condyloid – wrist, ankle• Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip• Gliding - vertebrae

Diseases/Disorders

• Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon

• Arthritis – inflamed joint• Osteomyelitis – infected bone• Osteoporosis – loss of bone density• Bone cancer• Subluxation - dislocation

The End