Skeletal System

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Functions of the Skeletal System

➢There are SIX main functions of the Skeletal System. These include:

1. Providing support for the body 2. Protecting internal tissues and organs 3. Acting as a framework for attached

muscles 4. Allowing movement of limbs and digits 5. Producing new red and white blood cells 6. Storing fat and minerals

Components of Skeletal System

➢There are THREE main parts of the skeletal system:

1. Bones 2. Connective

Tissue 3. Joints

Bone Structure

➢The outer layer is hard, densely packed, compact bone

➢Beneath the outer layer is spongy bone

▪Marrow: A tissue in the center of some bones ▪A less dense bone with cavities

filled with red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced ▪Some bones have yellow marrow,

which stores fat

Bone Categorization

➢Bones are categorized by shape. ▪ Long Bones

• Ex. humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia and fibula

▪ Short Bones • Ex. wrist bones▪ Flat Bones

• Ex. rib bone, scapula, and sternum

▪ Irregular Bones • Ex. vertebra, hip bone,

and skull bones

Connective Tissue

➢Cartilage ▪ Strong, flexible

connective tissue ▪ Acts as a cushion

between two bones

▪ Shapes soft parts of the body (i.e. ears, tip of nose)

Connective Tissue

➢Ligaments ▪ A band of connective

tissue that attaches one bone to another

▪ Ligaments attach to bones to create joints

➢Tendons ▪ A fibrous cord that

attaches muscle to the bone

1. Recall the percentage increase in sports related knee injuries in the last decade.

2. Explain why knee surgeries can disrupt a child's growth.

BIG IDEA

Joints

➢Joints are points in which bones meet ➢Some joints do not move (i.e. joints in

between bones of the skull)➢Flexible joints are joints that do allow movement and include:

▪Ball-and-socket joints ▪Hinge joints ▪Pivot joints ▪Ellipsoidal joints

Skeletal Problems

➢Fractures ▪ Hairline

• Occur when the parts of the bone do not separate

▪ Transverse • Occur when the fracture is completely across the

bone ▪ Comminuted

• Occur when the bone shatters into more than two pieces

Skeletal Problems

➢Injuries to Joints ▪ Dislocation

• Results when bones slip out of place

▪ Torn Cartilage • Results from a sharp blow to a joint

or a severe twisting of a joint ▪ Bursitis

• Results from painful inflammation of a bursa

– A burse is a fluid-filled sac that can help to reduce friction in joints

Skeletal Problems

➢Injuries to Joints Continued… ▪ Bunions

• Painful swellings of the bursae in the first joints of big toes.

– Wearing ill-fitted shoes make bunions worse

▪ Arthritis • Inflammation of a joint • Can result from an injury, natural wear

and tear, or disease • They can live normal lives if they

manage the disease

Skeletal Problems

➢Repetitive Motion Injury ▪ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell • Pressure on nerves cause numbness,

tingling in the thumb and forefinger, pain, and weakness in the hand

➢Scoliosis • Curving of the backbone • The spine curves to one side of

the body in an S-shape or C-shape.

Skeletal Problems

➢Osteoporosis ▪ The gradual loss of bone tissues ▪ Bones weaken and become brittle

Preventing Problems

Good health habits can keep your bones strong and healthy! • A diet that is rich in nutrients such as

protein, fiber, potassium, and vitamin C can help keep your bones stay strong

• Physical activity helps keep bones healthy and strong

• Good posture means the bones and joints in your back stay in place and your muscles are used properly

Health Lab!!