Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

In this lesson, you will Learn About…

I can describe the parts and functions of the

skeletal system and explain how they work

together

I can describe the types of connective tissue

I can discuss and describe bone injuries and

disorders of the skeletal system.

The Skeletal System

The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are:

Skeletal system.

Joint.

Cartilage.

Ligament.

Tendon.

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement

You depend on your skeletal and muscular systems to support you and help you move.

Bones for Support

The skeletal system gives the body structure and protects the internal organs. The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones as well as many joints and connecting tissues.

Connective tissue:-Cartilage-Ligaments-Tendons

Bones for Support

Bones have many important jobs:

Movement: bones provide points of attachment for muscles. When your limbs move muscles pull on bones.

Support: backbone is made of 24 bones called vertebrae. Backbone supports head and upper body

Protection: bones of the skull protect the brain; ribs protect your heart and lungs

Blood cell formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of some bones

Storage: store minerals like calcium

Bones for Support

The inner cavity of your long bones contain yellow marrow and red marrow.

•Yellow marrow is a fatty tissue

•Red marrow produces red blood cells and most of the white blood cells in your blood

Bones for Support

The Skeletal System

Rib cage

Cranium (skull)

Cervical vertebrae(neck bones)

Clavicle(collarbone)

Scapula(shoulder blade)

Sternum(breastbone)

Tarsals (ankle)

Metatarsals (foot)

Femur(thighbone)

Patella (kneecap)

Tibia (shinbone)

Fibula

Humerus(upper arm)

Ulna

Radius

Carpals (wrist)

Metacarpals (hand)

Phalanges (fingers and toes)

Thoracic vertebrae (upper back)

Lumbar vertebrae(lower back)

Pelvis

The Skeletal System (cont’d.)

The skeletal system has several types of joints.

Some joints are immoveable, such as those in the skull.

Others allow a wide range of movement.

The Skeletal System (cont’d.)

Pivot Joint The end of the bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. The joint can move up and down and from side to side. One pivot joint is located between the first two vertebrae, connecting the head to the neck.

Ex. b/w neck & head

Gliding Joint

One part of a bone glides over another bone, allowing a small range of sideways movement. The vertebrae in the back that protect the spinal cord are examples of gliding joints.

Ex. Vertebrae, wrists, & ankles

Ball-and-Socket JointThe ball-shaped head of one bone moves inside the cup-shaped socket of another. The joint can move in all directions. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint.

Ex. Hips and shoulders

Hinge Joint

This joint moves in only one direction, like a door hinge. The knee and elbow are hinge joints. Ex. Elbows and knees

Ball and Socket Joint

•Ball and socket joints move in all directions•Held in place by ligaments

•Examples: hips and shoulders

Hinge Joint

•Move in only one direction•Examples: elbows and knees

Gliding Joint

•Enable bones to slide over one another•Examples: vertebrae, wrists, and ankles

Pivot Joint

•Move from side to side and up and down•Examples: head and neck

Connective Tissue

3 Types of connecting tissues link bones to muscles so that the two can work together to move parts of the body. Each type has a specific function:

Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear. When you were a baby, your skeleton was mostly

cartilage. As you grew cartilage was replace by bone.

Ligaments hold bones in place at the joints; for example, in the knee and ankle.

Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.

Caring for Your Skeletal System

Keep the skeletal system healthy by following these tips:

Participate in regular physical activity. Follow a nutritious eating plan. Practice good posture. Lift objects carefully. Treat injuries quickly.

Reviewing Terms and Facts

1. List the three types of connecting tissue.

Cartilage Ligaments Tendons

Reviewing Terms and Facts

2. Explain how your skeletal and muscular systems work together.

The skeletal system supports and protects the body. The muscular system is connected to the skeletal system and the muscles contract or extend to cause movement of the bones.

3. Why do you think backaches may be caused by poor posture?

Thinking Critically

Vocabulary Review

The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body.

Vocabulary Review

The muscular system consists of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs.

Vocabulary Review

The place where two or more bones meet is called a joint.

Vocabulary Review

Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear.

Vocabulary Review

A ligament holds bones in place at the joints.

Vocabulary Review

Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.