organization behavior part 1

8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1

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Organization

Behavior

1

Part 1


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Course Contents

2

Part 1

Definition ofOB

Perception &

Attribution

Personality

Part 2

Motivationtheories

Groups and

teams

Decision

process

Part 3

Organization

culture


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Course Contents

3

Part 1

Definition of OB

Perception &

Attribution

Personality


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Course Contents

4

Part 1

Definition of OB

Perception &

Attribution

Personality


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WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?

An organization is a system of two or

more people, engaged in cooperativeaction, trying to reach an agreed-upon

purpose.

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A field of study that investigates the

impact of

individuals,

groups,

and structure

on behaviour within organizations;

the aim is to apply such knowledge

toward improving organizational

effectiveness.

What is organizational behavior?

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WHY ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?

Organizational behavior can helpmanagers :

identify problems.

determine how to correct them, and

establish whether the changes

would make a difference.

At the end :

people better understand situations

they face

performance and the organizations

effectiveness increase.

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EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

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having a broad range of

interpersonal skills to makes usmore effective organizational

participants.

So what kinds of

interpersonal skills doesan individual need in

todays workplace?

Competing Values Framework

Source: Adapted from

K. Cameron and R. E.

Quinn, Diagnosing and

Changing

Organizational Culture:

Based

on the Competing

Values Framework


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Think

Give your self a score from 1 to 5 for each of the following

skills

1. Monitor ( )

2. Broker ( )

3. Figurehead ( )

4. Coordinator ( )

5. Facilitator ( )

6. Innovator ( )7. Liaison ( )

8. Mentor ( )

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EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

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Competing Values Framework

Source: Adapted from

K. Cameron and R. E.

Quinn, Diagnosing and

Changing

Organizational Culture:

Based

on the Competing

Values Framework

Needed

Skills ?

Needed

Skills ?

NeededSkills ? NeededSkills ?


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Course Contents

11

Part 1

Definition of OB

Perception &

Attribution

Personality


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PERCEPTION

The process by which individuals select, organize, and

interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning totheir environment.

Why is perception important in the study of

organizational behaviour (OB)?

Simply because peoples behaviour is based

on their perception of what reality is,

not on reality itself.

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PERCEPTION

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What we perceivecan be substantially different

from objective reality.


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PERCEPTION

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FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION

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Attribution Theory

How we judge people differently, depending onthe cause we attribute to a given behaviour

This mean whether

The individual is responsible for the

behaviour (the cause is internal),or whether

something outside is responsible for the

behaviour (the cause is external)


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Rules for Determining Attribution

we rely on

three rules about the behaviour:1. distinctiveness,

2. consensus, and

3. consistency.

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Rules for Determining Attribution

Distinctiveness

refers to whether an individual acts

similarly across a variety of situations.

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Consensus

considers how an individuals behaviour

compares with others in the same situation.

Consistency

An observer looks for consistency in an

action that is repeated over time.


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Attribution Theory

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How Attributions Get Distorted

Fundamental attribution error

The tendency to underestimate the

influence of external factors and

overestimate the influence of internal

factors when making judgments

about the behaviour of others.

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Self-serving bias

The tendency for individuals to attribute

their own successes to internal factors

while putting the blame for failures

on external factors.

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Halo effect

Drawing a general

impression of an individual

on the basis of a

single characteristic

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Contrast effects

The concept that our reaction

to one person is often

influenced by other people

we have recently encountered.

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Projection

Attributing ones own

characteristics to other people.

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Stereotyping

Judging someone on the basis

of ones perception of

the group to which

that person belongs.

.

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Why do perception and judgment matter ?

Because they affect outcomes

1. Hiring a candidate

2. Promoting an employee

3. Pay and benefit

4. Sizing up a new employee

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What is Personality?

Combination of characteristics

that comprise the unique nature

of a person as that person reacts

and interacts with others.

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A review of the personality literature offers general

guidelines that can lead to effective job performance.

Because personality characteristics create the

parameters for peoples behavior, they give us a

framework for predicting behavior , which means why

people behave in certain ways in an organization ,

which is essential for managing organizational behavior

Why we study personality?

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Example: individuals who are shy, introverted, anduncomfortable in social situations would probably be ill-suited

as salespeople.

Question : Can we predict which people will be highperformers in sales, research, or assembly-line work on the

basis of their personality characteristics alone?

The answer is no. Personality assessment should be used inconjunction with other information such as skills, abilities, and

experience .

Why we study personality?

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____ 1. An enjoyable, satisfying

job.

____ 2. A high-paying job.

____ 3. A good marriage.

____ 4. Meeting new people;social events.

____ 5. Involvement in

community activities.

____ 6. My values.

____ 7. Exercising, playingsports.

____ 8. Intellectual development.

____ 9. A career with challenging

opportunities.

____ 10. Nice cars, clothes, home, etc.

____ 11. Spending time with family.

____ 12. Having several close friends.____ 13. Volunteer work for not-for-

profit organizations,

____ 14. Meditation ,quiet time to

think.____ 15. A healthy, balanced diet.

____ 16. Educational reading, self-

improvement programs.

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Measure your personality


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Interpretation

The higher the total in any area, the higher the value you

place on that particular area. The closer the numbers are in alleight areas, the more well-rounded you are . Is there any area

in which you feel you should have a higher value total? If yes,

which, and what can you do to change?

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Personality is

a product

of

Nature &

Nurture

Heredity:

Physical

characteristics

Gender

Environment:

Cultural factors

Social factors

Situationalfactors

What determines personality?

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The role of personality in organizational behavior

Can the person

do X ?

Knowledge

Skills

Abilities

Does the setting

encourage or

discourage the

person to do X ?

Situation

Is this the kind of

person who is

inclined to do X ?

Personality

Elements of the

person

Elements of the

situation

Person does or

Does not do X33


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Personality Traits and Classifications

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Big 5

Locus of control

Machiavellianism

Type A & B


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---- I keep my room neat an clean

---- People can count on me

---- I like lot of excitement in my life

---- I usually am very cheerful

---- I am generally quite well-mannered to other people

---- People never think I am cold

---- I never be worry about things out of control

---- I rarely feel sad or down

---- I have a lot of curiosity

---- I enjoy the challenge of change

Indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each item by giving score

From 5 if strongly agree to 1 if you strongly disagree

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Being outgoing, sociable, self-confidentExtraversion

Being good-natured, trusting, cooperative.Agreeableness

Being responsible, dependable, organized.Conscientiousness

Being unworried, secure, relaxed.Emotional stability

Being imaginative, curious, broad-minded.Openness to

experience

Big Five personality dimensions


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ExtraversionIntroversion

Emotional

unstable Emotional

stable

Agreeableness highly

disagreeable

Conscientiousnesslow

Conscientiousness

Openness

To experience Closed to

experience

Personality Traits and ClassificationsBig Five personality dimensions

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1. My company run by a few people, and there is not much an individual can do

about it

2. Many of life's misfortunes are partly due to bad luck

3. My fate was sealed the day I was born4. Becoming wealthy is primarily a matter of good luck

5. My employer doesn't value the work I do

6. Promotions come about more because of who you know, than how capable

you are

7. If I'm unhappy about a decision my boss has made, I can't see much point in

raising it, as it won't change anything

8. I often make decisions by flipping a coin

9. I don't have a lot of control over the direction my life is taking

10. I don't set goals as I usually don't achieve them

Strongly disagree

1

Disagree

2

Neutral

3

Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5

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The extent to which a person feels

able to control his or her own life

is concerned with a persons

internalexternal orientation

Persons with an internal locus of

control, believe that they control

their own fate or destiny. In

contrast, persons with an external

locus of control, believe that much

of what happens to them is

beyond their control and is

determined by environmental

forces.

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Locus of Control



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1. The best way to handle people is to tell them what they want to hear.

2. When you ask someone to do something for you, it is best to give the real reason for wanting it

rather than reasons that might carry more weight

3. Anyone who completely trusts someone else is asking for trouble.

4. It is hard to get ahead without cutting corners here and there.

5. It is safest to assume that all people have a vicious streak, and it will come out

when they are given a chance

6. One should take action only when it is morally right.

7. Most people are basically good and kind.

8. There is no excuse for lying to someone else.9. Most people forget more easily the death of their father than the loss of their property.

10. Generally speaking, people wont work hard unless forced to do so.

Strongly disagree

1

Disagree

2

Neutral

3

Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5

To obtain your Mach score, add up the numbers you checked for questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10.

For the other four questions, reverse the numbers you have checked, so that 5 becomes 1; 4 is 2;and 1 is 5. Then total both sets of numbers to find your score. 40



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Machiavellian-which owes its origins to

Niccolo Machiavelli. The very name of this

sixteenth-century author evokes visions of

a master of guile, deceit, and opportunismin interpersonal relations. Machiavelli

earned his place in history by writing The

Prince, a noblemans guide to the

acquisition and use of power

The subject of Machiavellis book is

manipulation as the basic means of gaining

and keeping control of others.

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Machiavellianism.



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Casual about appointments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Never late

Not competitive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Very competitive

Never feel rushed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Always feel rushed

Take one thing at a time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Try to do many things

Do things slowly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Do things fast

Express my feelings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hold in my feelings

Many outside interests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Few outside interests

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Type A individuals

have an intense desire to achieve, are extremely competitive, have

a sense of urgency, are impatient, and can be hostile , struggle to

achieve more and more in less and less time, and, if required to

do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other

persons

FINAL POINTS A/B ORIENTATION

Below 14 B+14 -28 B

29below 42 A

42 - 56 A+

Type A and Type B.


organization behavior part 1

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