Download - Organization Behavior Part 1
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
1/43
Organization
Behavior
1
Part 1
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
2/43
Course Contents
2
Part 1
Definition ofOB
Perception &
Attribution
Personality
Part 2
Motivationtheories
Groups and
teams
Decision
process
Part 3
Organization
culture
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
3/43
Course Contents
3
Part 1
Definition of OB
Perception &
Attribution
Personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
4/43
Course Contents
4
Part 1
Definition of OB
Perception &
Attribution
Personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
5/43
WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?
An organization is a system of two or
more people, engaged in cooperativeaction, trying to reach an agreed-upon
purpose.
5
http://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mysteryshoppinglive.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/istock_000005758296large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mysteryshoppinglive.com/take-care-of-your-organizational-culture-engage-the-frontline-personnel/&usg=__cTcPh6Ey9yWr3G1CVXazoJax7Os=&h=1920&w=2560&sz=1150&hl=en&start=18&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=HpCd8V4xE7vP6M:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=organization&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1&ei=CQmBTea4GsrNswaC87DoBg -
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
6/43
A field of study that investigates the
impact of
individuals,
groups,
and structure
on behaviour within organizations;
the aim is to apply such knowledge
toward improving organizational
effectiveness.
What is organizational behavior?
6
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
7/43
WHY ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
Organizational behavior can helpmanagers :
identify problems.
determine how to correct them, and
establish whether the changes
would make a difference.
At the end :
people better understand situations
they face
performance and the organizations
effectiveness increase.
7
http://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://cloud.lib.wfu.edu/blog/pd/files/ducks1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cloud.lib.wfu.edu/blog/pd/2008/02/&usg=__3D53UjTEMJnbe_-uPQektJsSeg8=&h=313&w=565&sz=34&hl=en&start=7&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=MJeB8fSi4f2lOM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=134&prev=/images?q=organizational+behavior+cartoons&um=1&hl=en&tbs=isch:1&ei=wgyBTd2MFIWztAbE4JH9Bg -
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
8/43
EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
8
having a broad range of
interpersonal skills to makes usmore effective organizational
participants.
So what kinds of
interpersonal skills doesan individual need in
todays workplace?
Competing Values Framework
Source: Adapted from
K. Cameron and R. E.
Quinn, Diagnosing and
Changing
Organizational Culture:
Based
on the Competing
Values Framework
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
9/43
Think
Give your self a score from 1 to 5 for each of the following
skills
1. Monitor ( )
2. Broker ( )
3. Figurehead ( )
4. Coordinator ( )
5. Facilitator ( )
6. Innovator ( )7. Liaison ( )
8. Mentor ( )
9
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
10/43
EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
10
Competing Values Framework
Source: Adapted from
K. Cameron and R. E.
Quinn, Diagnosing and
Changing
Organizational Culture:
Based
on the Competing
Values Framework
Needed
Skills ?
Needed
Skills ?
NeededSkills ? NeededSkills ?
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
11/43
Course Contents
11
Part 1
Definition of OB
Perception &
Attribution
Personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
12/43
PERCEPTION
The process by which individuals select, organize, and
interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning totheir environment.
Why is perception important in the study of
organizational behaviour (OB)?
Simply because peoples behaviour is based
on their perception of what reality is,
not on reality itself.
12
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
13/43
PERCEPTION
13
What we perceivecan be substantially different
from objective reality.
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
14/43
PERCEPTION
14
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
15/43
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION
15
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
16/43
16
Attribution Theory
How we judge people differently, depending onthe cause we attribute to a given behaviour
This mean whether
The individual is responsible for the
behaviour (the cause is internal),or whether
something outside is responsible for the
behaviour (the cause is external)
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
17/43
Rules for Determining Attribution
we rely on
three rules about the behaviour:1. distinctiveness,
2. consensus, and
3. consistency.
17
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
18/43
Rules for Determining Attribution
Distinctiveness
refers to whether an individual acts
similarly across a variety of situations.
18
Consensus
considers how an individuals behaviour
compares with others in the same situation.
Consistency
An observer looks for consistency in an
action that is repeated over time.
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
19/43
Attribution Theory
19
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
20/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to underestimate the
influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal
factors when making judgments
about the behaviour of others.
20
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
21/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Self-serving bias
The tendency for individuals to attribute
their own successes to internal factors
while putting the blame for failures
on external factors.
21
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
22/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Halo effect
Drawing a general
impression of an individual
on the basis of a
single characteristic
22
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
23/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Contrast effects
The concept that our reaction
to one person is often
influenced by other people
we have recently encountered.
23
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
24/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Projection
Attributing ones own
characteristics to other people.
24
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
25/43
How Attributions Get Distorted
Stereotyping
Judging someone on the basis
of ones perception of
the group to which
that person belongs.
.
25
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
26/43
Why do perception and judgment matter ?
Because they affect outcomes
1. Hiring a candidate
2. Promoting an employee
3. Pay and benefit
4. Sizing up a new employee
26
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
27/43
What is Personality?
Combination of characteristics
that comprise the unique nature
of a person as that person reacts
and interacts with others.
27
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
28/43
A review of the personality literature offers general
guidelines that can lead to effective job performance.
Because personality characteristics create the
parameters for peoples behavior, they give us a
framework for predicting behavior , which means why
people behave in certain ways in an organization ,
which is essential for managing organizational behavior
Why we study personality?
28
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
29/43
Example: individuals who are shy, introverted, anduncomfortable in social situations would probably be ill-suited
as salespeople.
Question : Can we predict which people will be highperformers in sales, research, or assembly-line work on the
basis of their personality characteristics alone?
The answer is no. Personality assessment should be used inconjunction with other information such as skills, abilities, and
experience .
Why we study personality?
29
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
30/43
____ 1. An enjoyable, satisfying
job.
____ 2. A high-paying job.
____ 3. A good marriage.
____ 4. Meeting new people;social events.
____ 5. Involvement in
community activities.
____ 6. My values.
____ 7. Exercising, playingsports.
____ 8. Intellectual development.
____ 9. A career with challenging
opportunities.
____ 10. Nice cars, clothes, home, etc.
____ 11. Spending time with family.
____ 12. Having several close friends.____ 13. Volunteer work for not-for-
profit organizations,
____ 14. Meditation ,quiet time to
think.____ 15. A healthy, balanced diet.
____ 16. Educational reading, self-
improvement programs.
30
Measure your personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
31/43
Interpretation
The higher the total in any area, the higher the value you
place on that particular area. The closer the numbers are in alleight areas, the more well-rounded you are . Is there any area
in which you feel you should have a higher value total? If yes,
which, and what can you do to change?
31
Measure your personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
32/43
Personality is
a product
of
Nature &
Nurture
Heredity:
Physical
characteristics
Gender
Environment:
Cultural factors
Social factors
Situationalfactors
What determines personality?
32
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
33/43
The role of personality in organizational behavior
Can the person
do X ?
Knowledge
Skills
Abilities
Does the setting
encourage or
discourage the
person to do X ?
Situation
Is this the kind of
person who is
inclined to do X ?
Personality
Elements of the
person
Elements of the
situation
Person does or
Does not do X33
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
34/43
Personality Traits and Classifications
34
Big 5
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Type A & B
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
35/43
---- I keep my room neat an clean
---- People can count on me
---- I like lot of excitement in my life
---- I usually am very cheerful
---- I am generally quite well-mannered to other people
---- People never think I am cold
---- I never be worry about things out of control
---- I rarely feel sad or down
---- I have a lot of curiosity
---- I enjoy the challenge of change
Indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each item by giving score
From 5 if strongly agree to 1 if you strongly disagree
35
Measure your personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
36/43
Being outgoing, sociable, self-confidentExtraversion
Being good-natured, trusting, cooperative.Agreeableness
Being responsible, dependable, organized.Conscientiousness
Being unworried, secure, relaxed.Emotional stability
Being imaginative, curious, broad-minded.Openness to
experience
Big Five personality dimensions
Personality Traits and Classifications
36
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
37/43
ExtraversionIntroversion
Emotional
unstable Emotional
stable
Agreeableness highly
disagreeable
Conscientiousnesslow
Conscientiousness
Openness
To experience Closed to
experience
Personality Traits and ClassificationsBig Five personality dimensions
37
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
38/43
Measure your personality
1. My company run by a few people, and there is not much an individual can do
about it
2. Many of life's misfortunes are partly due to bad luck
3. My fate was sealed the day I was born4. Becoming wealthy is primarily a matter of good luck
5. My employer doesn't value the work I do
6. Promotions come about more because of who you know, than how capable
you are
7. If I'm unhappy about a decision my boss has made, I can't see much point in
raising it, as it won't change anything
8. I often make decisions by flipping a coin
9. I don't have a lot of control over the direction my life is taking
10. I don't set goals as I usually don't achieve them
Strongly disagree
1
Disagree
2
Neutral
3
Agree
4
Strongly Agree
5
38
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
39/43
The extent to which a person feels
able to control his or her own life
is concerned with a persons
internalexternal orientation
Persons with an internal locus of
control, believe that they control
their own fate or destiny. In
contrast, persons with an external
locus of control, believe that much
of what happens to them is
beyond their control and is
determined by environmental
forces.
39
Locus of Control
Personality Traits and Classifications
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
40/43
1. The best way to handle people is to tell them what they want to hear.
2. When you ask someone to do something for you, it is best to give the real reason for wanting it
rather than reasons that might carry more weight
3. Anyone who completely trusts someone else is asking for trouble.
4. It is hard to get ahead without cutting corners here and there.
5. It is safest to assume that all people have a vicious streak, and it will come out
when they are given a chance
6. One should take action only when it is morally right.
7. Most people are basically good and kind.
8. There is no excuse for lying to someone else.9. Most people forget more easily the death of their father than the loss of their property.
10. Generally speaking, people wont work hard unless forced to do so.
Strongly disagree
1
Disagree
2
Neutral
3
Agree
4
Strongly Agree
5
To obtain your Mach score, add up the numbers you checked for questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10.
For the other four questions, reverse the numbers you have checked, so that 5 becomes 1; 4 is 2;and 1 is 5. Then total both sets of numbers to find your score. 40
Measure your personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
41/43
Machiavellian-which owes its origins to
Niccolo Machiavelli. The very name of this
sixteenth-century author evokes visions of
a master of guile, deceit, and opportunismin interpersonal relations. Machiavelli
earned his place in history by writing The
Prince, a noblemans guide to the
acquisition and use of power
The subject of Machiavellis book is
manipulation as the basic means of gaining
and keeping control of others.
41
Machiavellianism.
Personality Traits and Classifications
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
42/43
Casual about appointments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Never late
Not competitive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Very competitive
Never feel rushed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Always feel rushed
Take one thing at a time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Try to do many things
Do things slowly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Do things fast
Express my feelings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hold in my feelings
Many outside interests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Few outside interests
42
Measure your personality
-
8/3/2019 Organization Behavior Part 1
43/43
Type A individuals
have an intense desire to achieve, are extremely competitive, have
a sense of urgency, are impatient, and can be hostile , struggle to
achieve more and more in less and less time, and, if required to
do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other
persons
FINAL POINTS A/B ORIENTATION
Below 14 B+14 -28 B
29below 42 A
42 - 56 A+
Type A and Type B.
Personality Traits and Classifications