Johdatus FilonAleksandrialaisen maailmaan

Luentokerta 2,

13.9.2017

6.9. Kynnistys; Filonin historiallis-yhteiskunnallinenkonteksti13.9. Filonin intellektuaalinen konteksti20.9. Filonin tuotanto; Filon-tutkimus ja -resurssit;Filon juutalaisena27.9. Filon ksitys Jumalasta sek ihmisest japelastuksesta4.10. Filonin tekstej toiveteemoista, Filonin retoriikkaa11.10. Filonin jlkivaikutus (+ opiskelijaesityksi?)18.10. Suuria linjoja, avoimia kysymyksi

Kurssin eteneminen(alustava hahmotelma)

Filonin historiallis-yhteiskunnallinen konteksti

Tydennyst: diaspora Palestiinan juutalaisten silmin (?)2. Makk. 1:19:

The fellow Judeans in Hierosolyma and those in the land of Judea, to theirJudean brothers in Egypt, greetings and true peace.

May God do good to you, and may he remember his covenant with Abraamand Isaak and Iakob, his faithful slaves. 3 May he give you all a heart toworship him and to do his will with a strong heart and a willing spirit. May heopen your heart to his law and his ordinances, and may he bring peace. Mayhe heed your prayers and be reconciled to you, and may he not forsake you ina time of evil. We are now praying for you here.

In the reign of Demetrius, in the one hundred sixtyninth year, we Judeanswrote to you in the critical distress that came upon us in those years after Jasonand his company revolted from the holy land and the kingdom and burned thegate and shed innocent blood. We prayed to the Lord and were heard, and weoffered sacrifice and grain offering, and we lit the lamps and set out the loaves.And now see that you keep the days of the feast of tent pitching in the monthof Chaseleu.

Filon platonistinaVarhaisimmat maininnat Filonista

Luentokerta 2, 14.9.17

Kotitehtvt

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyn Platon-artikkeli, kohdat 16(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/)

Filon-osuus Pauli Annalan kirjasta Antiikinteologinen perint (kurssisivulla)

Katso jakso Hellenismi eksegetiikanosaston videosarjasta Juutalaisuuden jakristinuskon juuret arkeologian valossa

Filon platonistina Kumpikaan ei kirjoittanut filosofisia traktaatteja

Platon: dialogi (https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-phaedo/2017/pb_LCL036.397.xml);Filon: eksegeesi (https://www.loebclassics.com/view/philo_judaeus-that_worse_wont_attack_better/1929/pb_LCL227.219.xml)

Filonin projekti mahdoton ilman Platonia Vaikutus nkyy niin kieless kuin ajatuksissakin Lheinen yhteys nhtiin jo ammoin Filonin ksikirjoituksissa esiintyy kritiikki (poistoja,

kommentteja) hnen platonismiaan kohtaan 1200-luvulta alkaen, painetuissa teoksissa 1600-luvultalhtien (~ enemmn Platonin kuin Mooseksenoppilas)

Sensuuri iski:Somn. 1.138139yksinkertaisestijtetty kopioimatta

, . , , , . , , . ,

Filon platonistina Mit Filon ajatteli Platonista ja Sokrateesta?

1. Mit hn sanoo heist?2. Miten hn kytt heidn ajatuksiaan?

Nimelt P. ja S. mainitaan 23 ja 8 kertaa; lisksiusein vain yksi vanhoista tai joku

Svy lhes aina positiivinenEsim. pn anatomia ksittely / Opif. 119: and asseventh the mouth, through which, as Plato said, mortalthings have their entry and immortal have their exit. perishable foods for a perishable body speech,immortal laws of an immortal soul, by which the life ofreason is guided. (P:n teksti @ Timaios 75d hieman tulkittu)

Filon platonistina Poikkeus positiivisuuteen: Contempl. 5764

Among the banquets held in Greece there are two celebrated and highlynotable examples, namely those in which Socrates took partThat thesedeserve to be remembered was the judgement of men whose character anddiscourses showed them to be philosophers, Xenophon and Plato Yeteven these if compared with those of our people who embrace thecontemplative life will appear as matters for derision. In Platos banquetthe talk is almost entirely concerned with love, not merely with the love-sickness of men for women, or women for men, passions recognizeda bythe laws of nature, but of men for other males differing from them only inage.

Mutta onko Platon todella , mit pyhin(Prob. 13)?Yhteydet Platonin Faidrokseen puoltavat ksikirjoitustenenemmistn lukutapaa , mit kirkasnisin

Filon platonistina Filonin platonismin trkein ilmenemismuoto:

allegoristen tulkintojen sislt Esimerkki: kahden tason malli kosmologisena

- Gen. 1:12a: Alussa loi Jumala taivaan ja maan. Maa oli nkymtn ()ja muodoton- Filon, De opificio mundi 29: First, therefore, the maker made an incorporealheaven and an invisible () earth; 36: Now that the incorporeal cosmoshad been completed and established in the divine Logos, the sense-perceptiblecosmos began to be formed as a perfect offspring, with the incorporeal serving asthe model. (Runia).- Platon, Timaios 52a: One kind is the self-identical form invisible ( )and in all ways imperceptible by sense a second named after the former andsimilar thereto, an object perceptible by sense, generated (Bury)- Augustinus, Tunnustukset 12.8: Olit net jo tehnyt taivaankin ennen kaikkiaaikoja, mutta taivaallisen taivaan maa, jonka olit tehnyt, oli muodotontaainetta Tst muodottomasta, tst miltei olemattomasta Sin olit tekevkaiken sen, mik muodostaa maailman, mutta muuttuvaisen mailman. [taivaallinen taivas] on jonkinlainen yliaistillinen (intellectualis) luomus [ja]ulkopuolella kaikkien ajan muutosten ja vaihteluiden. (Lakka)

Filon platonistina Platonin kahden tason malli nkyy EMOn Filon-artikkelissa

siteeratuissa kohdissa: Leg. 1.45: Jumala kylv ja istuttaa kuolevaiseen (ihmis)lajiin

maanpllisen hyveen, joka on taivaallisen hyveen jljitelm ja kopio( ()).

Ebr. 69: niille, joista tulee Ainoan Viisaan palvelijoita, on sopivaavieraannuttaa itsens kaikesta luodusta ( ).

Filon platonistina:trkeimmt dialogit

Billings, Thomas H. The Platonism of Philo Judaeus. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1919.Philo. Translated by F. H. Colson, G. H. Whitaker and R. Marcus. LoebClassical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 19291962.

10 % PLCL:n viittauksista Platonin teoksiin on dialogiin Valtio

Nrnbergin kronikka (1493)

Testimonia

But Philo, the principal of the Jewish embassage, a maneminent on all accounts, brother to Alexander the alabarch,and one not unskillful in philosophy, was ready to betakehimself to make his defense against those accusations; butCaius prohibited him, and bid him begone. So Philo went out, and said to those Jews who were about him thatthey should be of good courage, since Caius's words indeedshowed anger at them, but in reality he had already set Godagainst himself. (tr. Whiston)

Josefus: Antiquitates Judaicarum 18.259

TestimoniaClemens Aleksandrialainen, Strom. 1.15.72.4:Philo the Pythagorean (not to mention Aristobulus thePeripatetic and lots of others, without taking time to namethem all) demonstrates that [the Jewish people] had a writtenphilosophy long before Greek philosophy. (tr. Ferguson)

Clemens (n. 150215 jKr.) on ensimminen kirjoittaja, jonkaon osoitettu kyttneen Filonia laajalti (erit. Annewies vanden Hoek).

TestimoniaEusebios, Kirkkohistoria 2.4.23a man most celebrated not only among many of our own,but also among many scholars outside the Church. He was aHebrew by birth, but was inferior to none of those who heldhigh dignities in Alexandria. How exceedingly he labored inthe Scriptures and in the studies of his nation is plain to allfrom the work which he has done. How familiar he was withphilosophy and with the liberal studies of foreign nations, itis not necessary to say, since he is reported to have surpassedall his contemporaries in the study of Platonic andPythagorean philosophy, to which he particularly devotedhis attention. (tr. NPNF, ed. Schaff et al.)

TestimoniaHieronymus, De viris illustribus 11.7:Philo the Jew, an Alexandrian of the priestly class, is placedby us among the ecclesiastical writers on the ground that,writing a book concerning the first church of Mark theevangelist at Alexandria, he writes to our praise, declaringnot only that they were there, but also that they were inmany provinces and calling their habitations monasteries.[After a list of Philos works:] There are other monuments ofhis genius which have not come to our hands. Concerninghim there is a proverb among the Greeks Either Platophilonized, or Philo platonized, that is, either Plato followedPhilo, or Philo, Plato, so great is the similarity of ideas andlanguage. (tr. ?, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/)

Ennen ensi kertaa lueajatuksella ja kirjaa ajatuksiasi:

David T. Runia: How to Read Philohttp://www.torreys.org/philo-art/howtoreadphilo.html(Kohdasta 3. Philonic scholarship esitn pivitetynversion luennolla.)

Filon: Jttilisist 118 (eli s. 447455)https://www.loebclassics.com/view/philo_judaeus-giants/1929/pb_LCL227.447.xml (HY:n verkosta)