INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGYpp. 907-910

Physiology vs. Anatomy

ANATOMY: study of the structure of the human body

PHYSIOLOGY: study of the functions of the human body

Levels of Organization

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Organism

TISSUES Group of cells working together

TYPES of TISSUES

1. MUSCLE: contract in coordination upon stimulation

Skeletal- voluntary movement cardiac and smooth- involuntary movement

TYPES of TISSUES

2. NERVOUS: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons)

Never grows back once damaged Long extensions allows for fast communication

TYPES of TISSUES

3. EPITHELIAL: cover inner and outer surfaces of bodies, cavities, and canals

BODY TISSUES

4. CONNECTIVE cells surrounded by extra-cellular, non-

living tissue bone, cartilage, tendons, blood

ORGANStissues working

together

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Two or more organs working together for a specific function

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Muscular: support and movement

Skeletal: protection and support

• Respiratory: gas exchange

• Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals to all parts of the body.

• Immune: fights pathogens

• Integumentary (skin): protection

• Endocrine: controls body function via chemical messengers.

• Nervous: regulation, conduction, and coordination

• Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food

• Excretory: removal of liquid, gas, and solid wastes

• Reproductive: production of sex cells (offspring)

BODY CAVITIES

Organs housed and protected in cavities

BODY CAVITIES Organs housed and

protected in cavities Cranial-brain

Spinal-spine

Thoracic-heart and respiratory organs (diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal)

Abdominal-digestive system organs

Pelvic-reproductive and excretory organs