human anatomy & physiology
DESCRIPTION
Human Anatomy & Physiology. Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System. Cardiovascular System. Layers of heart wall Pericardium Parietal Visceral Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium Heart valves . Basically 2 pumps Right Pulmonary circulation Left - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Cardiovascular System
• Layers of heart wall– Pericardium
• Parietal• Visceral
– Epicardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium • Heart valves
• Basically 2 pumps– Right
• Pulmonary circulation
– Left• Systemic circulation
• Heart Chambers & vessels– Right atrium
• Superior vena cava• Inferior vena cava
– Right Ventricle• Pulmonary artery
– Left atrium• Pulmonary veins (2)
– Left Ventricle• Aorta
• Heart Valves– Semilunar
• Outflow valves• Pulmonary• Aortic
– Atrioventricular• Strong • Tricuspid• Bicuspid
– Mitral
• Coronary circulation– First branch off aorta– Left
• Anterior descending• Circumflex
– Right
• Conduction pathway
– SA node• Pacemaker
– AV node– Bundle of His– Left & Right bundle
branches– Purkinje fibers
CardiacCardiac cyclecycle
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Blood Vessels• Arteries
– distribution of nutrients– maintenance of blood pressure
• Veins– takes waste products back to
heart for circulation & disposal– valves keep flow going in one
direction• Capillaries
– where internal respiration occurs
» i.e. the exchange of O2 & CO2 between vessel & cell
– where exchanges occur for nutrients, wastes, and fluids
Blood CompositionBlood Composition• Blood = Plasma (55%) + Formed Elements (45%)
– Plasma = the liquid faction of blood; blood minus its formed element – Serum = plasma minus clotting factors
Pathology (diseases)
• Anemia• Hemophilia• Leukemia • Phlebitis• Varicose veins• Aneurysm• Arteriosclerosis• Atherosclerosis • Thrombus & embolus• Hypertension • Congestive heart failure• Coronary artery disease
– Angina– Myocardial infarction
Lymphatic System• Structures
– Lymph– Lymphatic vessels
• Lacteals – Lymph nodes
• Tonsils• Peyer’s patches
– Thymus– Spleen– Thoracic duct – Lymphocytes
• B lymphocytes• T lymphocytes
• Functions– Immunity (defense)– Remove excess fluids
Capillary exchange: Filtration and osmosis
Respiratory System• Structures
– Upper respiratory tract• Nose• Pharynx• Larynx
– Lower respiratory tract• Trachea• Bronchi• Bronchioles• Alveoli • Lungs
– Left = 2lobes– Right = 3 lobes
• Pleura– Parietal– Visceral
• Functions – Ventilation– Respiration
Respiration: External
&Internal
Lung expansion and collapse
Pathology of Respiratory System• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Asthma• Emphysema• Chronic bronchitis (bronchiectasis)
• Lung cancer• Pneumonia • Pleurisy • Tuberculosis (see next slide)
• 3 accessory organs – Liver– Gallbladder – Pancreas
Digestive System• Structures
– Mouth• Salivary glands
– Pharynx– Esophagus– Stomach– Small intestine
• Duodenum • Jejunum• Ileum
– Large intestine• Cecum (appendix)• Ascending colon• Transverse colon• Descending colon• Sigmoid colon• Rectum• Anus
• Functions– Ingestion– Digestion– Absorption
• Villi • Capillaries• Lacteals
– Elimination
• “busiest” area – Duodenum
• Intestinal wall & absorption
– Folds of mucous membrane– Rugae– Plicae
– Villi
– Microvilli
Pathology of the Digestive System
• Peptic ulcers• Gastroenteritis • Peritonitis• Hepatitis• Cirrhosis • Gallstones• Pancreatitis • Hernia
– Diaphragmatic – Umbilical– Inguinal
• Diverticulitis• Ulcerative colitis • Colon cancer
Diverticulosis & Diverticulitis in sigmoid colon
Hernias; Gallstones; Cancer