generations of computer
DESCRIPTION
very easy presentationTRANSCRIPT
I Generation : 1945 – 55 II Generation : 1955 – 65 III Generation : 1965 – 75 IV Generation : 1975 – 89 V Generation : 1989 to present
First Generation•The period of first generation was 1946-1959.
•First generation of computers started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit).
•There were machine codes and electric wired board languages used
Second generation of computer•Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.
•Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube.
•Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output
Third generation of computer•The period of third generation was 1965-1971.
•In this generation, Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used.
•High-level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation.
• IC used
• More reliable and Faster
• Smaller size
• Generate less heat
• Lesser maintenance
• Still costly
• A.C. needed
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Support high-level language
Fourth generation of computer• VLSI technology used• Very cheap• Portable and reliable• Use of PC's• Very small size• Pipeline processing• No A.C. needed• Concept of internet was introduced• Great developments in the fields of
networks• Computers became easily available
• The period of Fourth Generation was 1971-1980.
• In this generation, Time sharing, Real time, Networks, Distributed Operating System were used.
• All the higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE, etc., were used in this generation.
Fifth generation of computer• The period of Fifth Generation is 1980-
till date.
• This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.
• AI is an emerging branch in computer science which interprets means and methods of making computers think like human beings.
• All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .NET, etc., are used in this generation.
• AI includes:
• Robotics
• Neural networks
• Game Playing
• Development of expert systems to make decisions in real life situations.
• Natural language understanding and generations.
Next Generation Optical DiskThe following formats go beyond the current third-generation discs and have the potential to hold more than one terabyte (1TB) of data:
• Holographic Versatile Disc (3.9TB=850 DVDs)• LS-R • Protein-coated disc
• The Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) is an optical disc technology still in the research stage which would hold up to 3.9
terabytes (TB) of information which is equivalent to around 850 DVDs.• It was introduced in 2004.
Holographic Versatile Disc
Presenter Abdul HameedIX-O