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HC VIN K THUT QUN S KHIN

KHOA K THUT IU

Mc lcChng 1. CC PHNG PHP CP NC.....................................................2 1. H thng cp nc n gin........................................................................2 2. H thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi....................................................2 3. H thng cp nc c trm bm................................................................3 4. H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bm.............................................4 Chng 2. XY DNG BI TON CP NC CHO TA NH.......................5 I. Phn tch kin trc ta nh v thit k bi ton cp nc..............................5 II. S cp nc cho ta nh v tnh ton lu lng nc tiu th...............6 Chng 3. XY DNG BI TON IU KHIN..............................................12 I. La chn gii php iu khin.......................................................................12 II. Xy dng s khi chc nng ..................................................................12 III. Xy dng s nguyn l............................................................................13 Chng 4. GII THIU CC THIT B S DNG TRONG H THNG CP NC T NG..................................................................................................14 I. ng c bm..................................................................................................14 1.Khi nim chung:........................................................................................14 1.Phn loi bm:............................................................................................14 2.Cc thng s c bn ca bm.....................................................................15 3.c tnh ca bm........................................................................................18 II. Bin tn Omron............................................................................................21 1.Cc model trong h 3G3MV........................................................................21 2.K hiu.........................................................................................................22 3.S u ni dy nguyn l ca bin tn..................................................26 4.Hot ng c bn.......................................................................................29 III. Cng tc t. ................................................................................................34 IV. Cm bin mc nc.....................................................................................36 Chng 5. TNH CHN CC THIT B IU KHIN, THIT B CHP HNH V THIT B BO V.............................................................................38 I. La chn cm bin mc nc........................................................................38 1.61F-G-AP....................................................................................................38 2.61F-G1-AP..................................................................................................38 II. La chn thit b bo v................................................................................38 III. La chn thit b ng lc..........................................................................39 1.Bm..............................................................................................................39 2.La chn bin tn.......................................................................................39 3.La chn cng tc t cho mch ng lc...................................................39 IV. Chn thit b iu khin...............................................................................39 Ti liu tham kho.................................................................................................39

N MN HC K THUT BIN I V TRUYN NG IN

1


KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 1. CC PHNG PHP CP NC1. H thng cp nc n gin.Phng php cp nc ny c p dng cho cc h thng cp nc c p lc ng ng cp nc n mi h dn. u im: H thng n gin khng cn bm nc, khng cn iu khin, d thi cng lp t. Nhc im: H thng cung cp nc ny ch p dng cho h thng c p lc ng ng m bo cung cp, nhng iu ny khng thc t do p lc trn mng li khng ng u. p lc ca h thng ph thuc vo cao i sen nh my nn h thng b gii hn cao, phng php ny khng dng cho nh nhiu tng. Phng php ny thng c p dng cung cp cho cc thit b tiu th nm vi cao thp so vi ng ng.

Hnh 1.1 S h thng cp nc n gin. 1: ng dn nc vo nh. 2: ng h o nc. 3: ng chnh.

2. H thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi.p dng khi p lc ca ng ng cp nc bn ngoi khng m bo thng xuyn - trong cc gi dng t nc (ban m) nc cung cp cho tt c thit b sinh hot trong nh v d tr vo kt, cn trong cc gi cao im dng nhiu nc th kt nc s cung cp cho cc thit b sinh hot. Kt nc lm nhim v gi nc


2


KHOA K THUT IU

khi tha (khi p lc bn ngoi cao) v cung cp nc cho cc ngi nh trong gi cao im (p lc bn ngoi yu). u im: H thng cung cp nc n gin, khng cn iu khin, p lc duy tr tt. Phng php ny rt hay dng trc y do c nhiu u im hn phng php trn. Nhc im: H thng do phi cn b trn cao v th tch b ny ph thuc vo s lng cn h trong nh v vy nh cng nhiu tng th b cng ln. Vic b ln nh hng n kin trc xy dng khi ta nh phi gnh thm mt khi lng nc dn n chi ph xy dng cao hn v nh hng n kt cu ca ta nh.

Hnh 1.2 S h thng cp nc c kt nc trn mi.

3. H thng cp nc c trm bm.L h thng dng bm y nc t ng nc thnh ph hoc t b cha vo ng ng ca ta nh, h thng dng cng tc p lc v van gim p duy tr p lc cung cp cho ta nh. Cng tc p lc c iu chnh ng ct theo p sut ca ng ng iu chnh ng ct bm. p dng trong trng hp p lc ng ng cp nc bn ngoi khng m bo thng xuyn hoc hon ton khng m bo a nc ti cc thit b sinh hot trong nh. u im: Phng php ny khc phc c nhc im ca hai phng php trn. H thng cung cp nc n nh hn, v khng nh hng n kt cu ca ta nh Nhc im: My bm ct theo chu k bng tay hay t ng bng cng tc p


3


KHOA K THUT IU

lc. Trng hp ny khng kinh t v tn thit b, tn in, tn ngi qun l (nu ct tay). H thng duy tr p sut v lu lng khng n nh do dng cng tc p lc, dng cng tc p lc c kh nn tui th khng cao chng hng hay phi thay th. Bm i khi phi lm vic ng ct trc tip vo li in vi s ln cao trong mt thi gian ngn nn tui th gim.

Hnh 1.3 S h thng cp nc c trm bm.

4. H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bmH thng p dng trong trng hp p lc ng ng cp nc bn ngoi hon ton khng m bo. My bm lm vic theo chu k ch ct trong gi cao im a nc n cc thit b sinh hot v d tr cho kt nc. Trong gi dng nc t, kt nc s cung cp nc cho ngi nh. My bm c th ct bng tay hoc t ng.

Hnh 1.4: H thng cp nc c kt nc v trm bm.


4


KHOA K THUT IU

H thng ny tuy c u im hn cc phng php trn v cung cp n nh hn lu lng cho cc h tiu th. Nhng vn cn nhiu hn ch v tn tht nng lng do phi tn nng lng a mt khi lng nc ln b cao sau nh th nng a nc tr li cc tng pha di, iu ny l khng cn thit, lm tn tht rt ln v in nng. Bm vn phi lm vic ng ct trc tip vo li in theo mc nc trn b nn dn ti tui th gim, nh hng ti li in. Nu b nc ln nh hng ti kt cu xy dng nh, do phi thm mt khi nc ln.

Chng 2. XY DNG BI TON CP NC CHO TA NHI. Phn tch kin trc ta nh v thit k bi ton cp ncy l to nh 15 tng - Cc thng s k thut ca to nh: +) Din tch khu t: +) Din tch xy dng: +) Mt xy dng: 7200 m2 3264 m2 45%

+) Tng din tch sn khng k tng hm: 25108 m2 - Tng hm: dng lm ni xe v ni t cc phng k thut in v k thut nc ca to nh.


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KHOA K THUT IU

+Din tch sn: 7200 m2 - Tng 1: Din tch ch yu dng cho siu th, phn cn li dnh cho snh, phng qun l, . . . +) Din tch sn: 3264 m2 +) Din tch siu th: 2485,2 m2 +) Din tch cu thang: 221,0 m2 +) Din tch snh, hnh lang v cc khu ph tr khc: 664,8 m2 +) Din tch khu v sinh: 73,4 m2 - Tng 2 n tng 14: Mi tng c chia thnh cc cn h. Mi tng c 10 cn h, mi cn h trung bnh c 4 ngi. - Tng p mi: c dng lm Bar caf, nh hng, kho, . . . Din tch sn: 1975,0 m2 - Chiu cao ca to nh l 55.5 m, chiu cao gia cc tng dao ng trong khong 3.3 3.6 m

II. S cp nc cho ta nh v tnh ton lu lng nc tiu thT vic phn tch s kin trc ca ta nh nh trn chng em a ra s cp nc cho chung c nh hnh sau:


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KHOA K THUT IU

Hnh 2.2 S nguyn l h thng cp nc- Trm bm cp nc cho ta nh s dng phng php cp nc c s dng bin tn, c kt nc trn mi. Mun thit k mt h thng cp nc cn xc nh tng lu lng theo tiu chun trong tiu chun cp nc hin hnh (bng 2-1) TCXD -33-68. H s Tiu chun dng Trang b tin nghi trong nh Nc trung bnh (lit/ngi ngy m) Loi I Cc nh bn trong khng c h thng cp thot nc v dng c v sinh. Nc dng thng ngy ly t vi nc cng cng ngoi ph. Loi II Cc nh bn trong ch c vi ly nc 40 - 60 2,5 - 2,0 khng iu ho gi (Kg)


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KHOA K THUT IU

khng c dng v v sinh. Loi III Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot nc, c dng c v sinh nhng khng c thit b tm. Loi IV Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot nc, c dng c v sinh v c thit b tm thng thng Loi V Cc nh bn trong c h thng cp thot nc, c dng c v sinh c chu tm v

80 - 100

2 - 1,8

120 - 150

1,8 - 1,5

150 - 200

1,7 - 1,4

cp nc nng cc b 200 - 300 Bng 2 -1: Tiu chun cp nc( gio trnh cp thot nc) nht ca 1 cn h theo cng thc sau(gio trnh cp thot nc): Qmax.ngy = Trong : + q: Tiu chun dng nc ca mt ngi ( lit/ngi.ngy ) + N: S nhn khu trong nh.q.N .K ngy 1000

1,5 - 1,3

T tiu chun cp nc trn ta c th tnh c lu lng tiu th nc ln

( m3/ngy ).

+ Kngy: H thng khng iu ha ngy, i vi cc nh Kngy = 1.1 1.3. Mt khc ta c cng thc tnh lu lng i vi nh cng cng, khch sn, bnh vin, c quan . . . nh sau(gio trnh cp thot nc): Q = 0.2 Trong : + Q: Lu lng tnh ton, ( l/s ) + N: Tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh trong on ng tnh ton, ly theo bng 2.2. + : H s ph thuc vo chc nng ngi nh, ly theo bng 2.3 Loi TBVS Vi nc chu ra nh bp, chu git Vi nc chu ra mt Tr s ng lng N 1 0.33 Lu lng tnh ton [l/s] 0.2 0.07 ng knh ng ni [mm] 15 10 15N

( l/s )


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KHOA K THUT IU

Vi nc m tiu ng nc ra mng tiu cho 1m di Vi nc thng ra h x Vi trn chu tm un nc cc b Vi trn chu tm ni c h thng cp nc nng tp trung Vi ra h x ( khng c thng ra ) Chu ra v sinh n c vi phun Mt vi tm hng sen t theo nhm Mt vi tm hng sen t trong phng ring ca tng cn nh Vi nc chu ra tay phng th nghim Vi nc chu ra phng th nghim

0.17 0.3 0.5 1 1.5 67 0.35 1 0.67

0.035 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.14

10 15 10 15 15 15 25 32 15 15

0.5 1

0.1 0.2

10 15 15

Bng 2.2: ng lng cho cc thit b v sinh Loi nh Nh tr, mu gio Bnh vin Ca hng, Trng c quan hc Nh n dng Khch sn, nh tp th

H s 1.2

1.4

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.5

Bng 2.3: Tr s p dng cc cng thc trn ta tnh ton lu lng tiu th cho ta nh 15 tng.

Tnh ton lu lng tiu th


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KHOA K THUT IU

- Lu lng nc tiu th tng 1: Q1 = 0.2 + Tnh N Tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh cho tng 1: + Tng 1 bao gm 2 phng v sinh nam, 2 phng v sinh n. Phng v sinh nam bao gm 2 chu ra mt, 4 bn m tiu, 2 bn x. Phng v sinh n bao gm 2 chu ra mt, 4 bn v sinh n, 2 bn x. + Da vo bng 2.2 ta tnh c: Tng ng lng ca 1 phng v sinh nam l: Nwcnam = 0.33 x 2 + 0.17 x 4 + 0.5 x 2 = 2.34 Tng ng lng ca 1 phng v sinh n l: Nwcn = 0.33 x 2 + 0.35 x 4 + 0.5 x 2 = 3.06 Vy tng ng lng ca cc thit b v sinh tng 1 l: N1 = 2( Nwcnam + Nwcn ) = 2( 2.34 + 3.06 ) = 10.8 Vy lu lng nc tiu th tng 1 l: Q1 = 0.2 x 2.5 x1 .8 0 N

+ Ly = 2.5 ( theo bng 2.3 )

= 1,64( l/s)

- Lu lng tiu th t tng 2 n tng 15: Q2 =q.N .K ngy 1000

+ q = 200 ( l/ngi.ng. ) + N = 4x10x14= 640 ( ngi ) + Kngy = 1.3200 640 1.3 1000 = 166 .4 1000 166,4 ( m /ng. ) = 24 3600 = 1.926 ( l/s )3

Q2 =

- Vy lu lng tiu th l: Qtt1 = Q1 + Q2 = 1.64 + 1.926 = 3.57 ( l/s ) Lu lng tiu th trong ngy l: Qngy =Qtt 1 3600 24 3.57 3600 24 = = 308 ( m3/ngy). 1000 1000

- T thng k lu lng nc tiu th nc theo cc gi theo th t trong ngy


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KHOA K THUT IU

ta c kt qu nh trong bng 2.4: S gi tiu th 8h 10h 6h Lu lng 75%Qngy 18% Qngy 7% Qngy

Bng 2.4 Bng thng k lu lng nc tiu th theo cc gi trong ngy.

Lu lng tiu th max ti cc gi cao im l:Qmax.h =0.75 295 .5 = 27,7 ( m3/h ) 8

=> T y ta c cng sut ca bm: +) Cng sut hu ch ca bm: Pi = .Qmax.h.H.10-3 Trong : +) : Trng lng ring ca nc, = 10000 (N/m3) +) H: Chiu cao ca ta nh, H = 55.5 ( m) +) Qmax.h = [m3/s]-3 Pi = 10000 x 27.7 x 55.5 x 10 = 4,27 ( kW )

3600

+ Cng sut ti trc ca bm: Pt = = = 4.96( kW ) 0.86 Ta s dng bm c cng sut Pm =5.5 kW.

P i

4.27


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KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 3. XY DNG BI TON IU KHINI. La chn gii php iu khini vi phng n cp nc dng kt nc trn nh th ta dng mt bm chnh khi ng v bo v bng bin tn s dng Rle trung gian iu khin ng hay ngt bm ty thuc vo mc nc trong b v mt bm d phng ng ct trc tip .

II. Xy dng s khi chc nng

380V 50Hz

Thit B ng Ct v Bo v Ngun ng lc

Khi contactor Mch ng lc

Khi iu khin R le contactor Mch iu khin

Bin tn iu khin bm

Bm

Khi cng tc vn hnh

Cm bin Mc nc


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KHOA K THUT IU

III. Xy dng s nguyn lA R S T G VP1 RTr VP2 R/L1 S/L2 T/L3 G U/T1 V/T2 W/T3 G BIN TN S1 FS FR SC FC Stop

~K RTr RTr

~

maxVR

RTr

max

Start K

Re C NO NC

Cn a thm:Kho st ch tnh v ch ng qu trnh lm vic ca h thng truyn ng in


13


KHOA K THUT IU

Chng 4. GII THIU CC THIT B S DNG TRONG H THNG CP NC T NGI. ng c bm1.Khi nim chung: Bm l my thy lc dng ht v y cht lng t ni ny n ni khc. Cht lng dch chuyn trong ng ng nn bm phi tng p sut cht lng u ng ng thng tr lc trn ng ng v thng hiu p sut hai u ng ng. Nng lng bm cp cho cht lng ly t ng c in hoc t cc ngun ng lc khc (my n, my hi nc...). iu kin lm vic ca bm rt khc nhau trong nh, ngoi tri, m nhit ) v bm phi chu c tnh cht l ha ca cht lng cn vn chuyn.

1. Phn loi bm: Phn loi bm theo nguyn l lm vic hay cch cp nng lng: - Bm th tch: bm loi ny khi lm vic th th tch khng gian lm vic thay i nh chuyn ng tnh tin ca pittong (bm pittong) hay nh chuyn ng quay ca rotor (bm rotor). Kt qu th nng v p sut cht lng tng ln ngha l bm cung cp p nng cho cht lng. - Bm ng hc: Trong bm loi ny cht lng c cung cp ng nng t bm v p sut tng ln. Cht lng qua bm, thu c ng lng nh va p ca cc cnh qut (bm ly tm v bm hng trc) hoc nh ma st ca tc nhn lm vic (bm xoy lc, bm tia, bm chn ng, bm vt xon, bm sc kh) hoc nh tc dng ca trng in t (bm in t) hay cc trng lc khc. Phn loi theo cu to: - Bm cnh qut: trong loi ny bm ly tm chim a s v thng gp nht (bm nc). - Bm pittong: (bm nc, bm du).


14


KHOA K THUT IU

Hnh 2.1: Hnh nh bm pittong - Bm rotor: (bm du, ha cht, bn). Thuc loi ny c bm bnh rng, bm cnh trt (l gt) ...

Hnh 2.2: Bm bnh rng Ngoi ra cn c cc loi c bit nh bm mng cnh (bm xng trong t), bm phun tia (to chn khng trong cc bm ln nh my nhit in) 2. Cc thng s c bn ca bm Ct p H (hay p sut bm) l lng tng nng lng ring trong mt n v trng lng ca cht lng chy qua bm (t ming ht n ming y ca bm). Ct p H thng c tnh bng mt ct cht lng (hay mt ct nc) hoc tnh i ra p sut ca bm. P=.H=.g.H Trong :


15


KHOA K THUT IU

: L trng lng ring ca cht lng c bm (N/m3 ). : L khi lng ring ca cht lng (kg/m3 ) . g : L gia tc trng trng (9,81 m/s2 ) Ct p H ca bm dng khc phc : chnh mc cht lng gia b cha v b ht. Hh+H, [m] chnh lch p sut ti hai mt thong b ht (p1) v b cha (p2).p 2 p1 p2 p1 , [m] .g

=

Tr lc thy lc (tn tht nng lng n v) trong ng ht (h h ) v ng y (h ) chnh p sut ng hc (ng nng) gia 2 mt thong H=(Hh+H )+p 2 p1 V 2 V12 + hh+h+ 2 .g 2.g V22 V12 2.g

Tr lc thy lc trong ng ht v ng y tnh theo cng thcVh2 h .lh V2 .l V2 .l ( + h ) v h= ( + ) ( + ) hh= 2. g d h 2. g d 2. g d

Trong : Vh, V : L vn tc cht lng trong ng ht v ng y (m/s). h, : H s tr lc ma st trong ng ht v ng y. lh, l, h, : Cc chiu di v ng knh ng ht v ng y

h, : Tng h s tr lc cc b trong ng ht v ng y. Lu lng (nng sut) bm : l th tch cht lng do bm cung cp

vo ng y trong mt n v thi gian. Lu lng Q o bng m3/s, l/s, m3/h. Cng sut bm P (hoc N). Trong mt t my bm cn phn bit 3 loi cng sut Cng sut lm vic Ni (cng sut hu ch) l cng a mt lng Q cht lng ln cao H trong mt n v thi gian (s). Ni = .Q.H.10-3, [kw]


16


KHOA K THUT IU

Trong (N/m3), Q (m3/s), H (m) Cng sut ti trc bm N (thng ghi trn nhn bm). Cng sut ny thng ln hn Ni v c tn hao ma st. Cng sut ng c ko bm (Ndc) cng sut ny thng ln hn N b hiu sut truyn ng gia ng c v bm, ngoi ra cn d phng qu ti bt thng. Ndc=k.N .Q . .H 3 = k . .10 , [kw] t b t

Trong : k l h s d phng. Cng sut bm di 2 kw 2-5 kw 5-50 kw 50-100 kw Cng sut bm trn 100 kw Bng 4.1 H s k Cng c th ly h s d phng khi Q100 m3/h th k=1,1-1,15 t - hiu sut b truyn. Vi b truyn ai (cu-roa) th t = ImB = 10 A. Ta chn rle trung gian c in p ht l 220 VAC, dng nh mc r le 10A

Ti liu tham kho1. Trang B in in T My Cng Nghip Dng Chung V Quang Hi, Nguyn Vn Cht, Lin Anh - NXB Gio Dc


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KHOA K THUT IU

2. Gio Trnh K Thut iu Khin ng C in V Quang Hi NXB Gio Dc 3. Gio Trnh Kh C in Phm Vn Chi, Bi Tn, Nguyn Tn 4. Gio Trnh o Lng in v Cm Bin o Lng Nguyn Vn Ha, Bi ng Thnh, Hong S Hng NXB Gio Dc 5. Gio Trnh Cp Thot Nc KS. Trng Min - KS. V nh Du NXB Xy Dng 6. www.bientan.com.vn


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