n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngLI M UKhoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin v cng vi n l nhu cu ngy cng cao v tinh khit ca cc sn phm. V th, cc phng php nng cao tinh khit lun lun c ci tin v i mi ngy cng hon thin hn, nh l: C c, hp th, chng ct, trch ly, Tu theo c tnh yu cu ca sn phm m ta c s la chn phng php cho ph hp. i vi h nc-axit axetic l 2 cu t tan ln hon ton, ta phi s dng phng php chng ct nng cao tinh khit. n mn hc ho cng l mt mn hc mang tnh tng hp trong qu trnh hc tp ca cc cng nhn vn hnh thit b ch bin du kh trong tng lai. Mn hc gip sinh vin gii quyt nhim v tnh ton c th v: Quy trnh cng ngh, kt cu, cngnhiukinlmvicvnhnhcahthngchngct trongcng nghip ho cht v cng nghip lc ho du. yl bcutin sinh vinvndng nhng kinthc hcca nhiu mn hc m nht l mn hc ho cng vo gii quyt nhng vn k thut thc t 1 cch tng hp.Nhim v ca n l thit k, tnh ton thp chng ct h hn hp 2 cu t nc-axit axetic, vi nng sut nhp liu l 0.8m3/h, nng nhp liu 88% khi lng nc, nng sn phm nh 99.55% khi lng nc, nng sn phm y 70% khi lng nc, nhit nhp liu 100.1727oC, nhit sn phm nh 100.0235oC, nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit 40oC, trng thi nhp liu lng si. Di y chng em xin trnh by ni dung nghin cu ca n: NGHIN CU THIT K, TNH TON H THNG THP CHNG CT.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 1 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngCHNG 1: TNG QUAN1.1. L THUYT V CHNG CT 1.1.1. Khi nim[5]Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca mt hn hp lng cng nh hn hp kh thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp (ngha l khi cng mt nhit , p sut hi bo ho ca cc cu t khc nhau).Thay v a vo hn hp 1 pha mi to nn s tip xc gia 2 pha nh trong qu trnh hp th hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi c to nn bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.Nguyn l ca qu trnh chng ct Chng ct l qu trnh tch mt dung dch bng cch un si n, ri ngng t hi bay ra c 2 phn: Phn nh l distillat c nhit si thp, cha nhiu cht d si, cn phn nng cn li l cn chng ct (redue).Hnh 1.1. Chng ct n ginSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 2 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1. Ngun nhit 9.Cng ht chn khng2. Bnh thy tinh 10. Adapter (thit b kt ni)3. Ct ngng t-bay hi11. iu chnh nhit 4. Nhit k 12. iu chnh tc khuy5. ng sinh hn 13. Thit b khy v gia nhit6. Nc lm lnh u vo 14. Du gia nhit7. Nc lm lnh u ra15. Cnh khuy 8. Bnh cha sn phm chng ct 16. Dung dch lm lnhNh vy, php chng ct c th thu c distillat c thnh phn mong mun bng cch chng ct nhiu ln. Nhngchngctnhiulnnhvyrtphinphc,tnthigianm khng kinh t. khc phc nhc im ny ta dng h thng chng ct c ct chng ct. Ctchngctcsalthuytcngln,thckhnngcho mt distillat c thnh phn khc cng nhiu so vi dung dch trong bnh un, tc l distillat rt giu cht d bay hi. Dng ct chng ct c nhiu a l thuyt c th thu c distillat l cht d bay hi gn nh tinh khit.Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng bao nhiu cu t th thu c by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin c 2 cu t th ta thu c 2 sn phm: - Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln v 1 phn rt t cc cu t c bay hi b hn.- Sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c bay hi b v 1 phn rt t cu t c bay hi ln.i vi h nc-axit axetic th:- Sn phm nh ch yu l nc.- Sn phm y ch yu l axit acetic.1.1.2. Cc phng php chng ct1.1.2.1.Chng ct n gin [5]+ Chng ct bay hi dn dn: Ch yu dng trong phng th nghim xc nh ng cong chng ct Enghen. SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 3 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngChng ct bay hi mt ln: Cho php nhn c phn chng ct ln hn so vi bay hi mt ln.Hnh 1.2. Chng ct bay hi dn dnTrong qu trnh chng n gin hi to thnh c ly ra ngay v cho ngng t. Thnh phn v lng, sn phm nh v y lun thay i theo thi gian.+ Chng ct bay hi nhiu ln: Cho php qu trnh tch cc phn on theo mong mun.

Hnh 1.3. Chng ct bay hi nhiu lnSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 4 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng QuangSn phmNhin liu voSn phmNhin liu voSn phm Sn phmSn phmHi quay tr li n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng Nh vy, qu trnh l gin on. Nu mun thnh phn sn phm khng thay i ta tin hnh chng lin tc. Chng n gin c ng dng cho nhng trng hp sau: - Khi nhit si ca 2 cu t khc nhau xa. - Khi khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao. - Khi cn tch hn hp lng ra khi cc tp cht khng bay hi. - Khi mun tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.1.1.2.2. Chng ct chn khng [1]Chng ct chn khng l phng php chng ct p sut thp hn p sut kh quyn nhm mc ch gim nhit si ca hn hp chng ct trnh s phn hu v nhit ca cc cu t cn chng ct.1.1.2.3. Chng bng hi nc [3] Trong thc t khng c nhng cht lng ho tan vo nhau, nhng khi ho tan cc cht lng vo nhau rt b (v d nh hn hp benzen-nc) ta c th coi nh chng khng ho tan vo nhau. i vi cc hn hp loi ny ta c th tch cc cu t bng phng php lng gn. Nhng tnh cht c bn ca hn hp lng loi ny l: - p sut ring phn ca cu t ny khng ph thuc vo s c mt ca cu t kia trong hn hp v bng p sut hi bo ho ca cc cu t nguyn cht cng nhit : PA = pA; pB = PB- p sut chung ca hn hp bng tng s p sut ring phn, ngha l bng p sut hi bo ho ca cc cu t: P = pA + pB = PA + PB - Nhit si ca hn hp thp hn nhit si ca cc cu t. Khi chng bng hi nc trc tip, ngi ta phun hi nc qua lp cht lng bng 1 b phn phun. Hi nc c th l hi bo ho hay hi qu nhit. Trong qu trnh tip xc vi hi nc v lp cht lng, cu t cn chng s phn tn vo trong hi. Hn hp hi nc v cu t bay hi c ngng t v tch thnh sn phm.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 5 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng Qu trnh chng bng hi nc trc tip hp l nht l dng tch cu t khng tan trong nc khi tp cht khng bay hi, trng hp ny sn phm ngng s phn lp: Cu t bay hi v nc, chng ta ly sn phm ra 1 cch d dng. u im ca qu trnh chng bng hi nc trc tip l gim c nhit si ca hn hp, ngha l chng ta c th chng c nhit si ca tng cu t. iu ny rt c li i vi cc cht d b phn hu nhit cao cng nh i vi cc cht c nhit si qu cao m khi chng gin tip i hi dng hi p sut cao. Chng bng hi nc trc tip c th tin hnh gin on hay lin tc. Trong c 2 trng hp ngi ta u phi dng cch t gin tip un bc hi hn hp. Lng hi nc trc tip i vo hn hp ch c nhim v mang cu t d bay hi ra m thi.1.1.2.4. Chng luyn [5] Chng ct c hi lu nng cao kh nng phn chia hn hp lng, ngi ta tin hnh cho hi lu mt phn sn phm nh. Nh s tip xc thm mt ln gia pha lng (hi lu) v pha hi trong thp c lm giu thm cu t nh nh m phn chia cao hn. Chng ct c tinh luyn Da vo qu trnh trao i cht nhiu ln gia pha lng v hi nh vo cc a hay m. Chng ct s c phn chia cao hn nu kt hp vi hi lu.Hnh 1.4. S tip xc gia dng lng v hi trong thp chng ctSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 6 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng QuangSn phm ra khi nhNhin liu lngNhit voSn phm yNhit thay iGiai on cn bngHi t di lncht lng i xungcht lng Hi bay ln n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1.1.3. Cc thit b chng ct[6]Ta c th phn bit chng ct ra thnh quy trnh mt ln nh trong phng th nghim tch mt ha cht tinh khit ra khi mt hn hp, v chng ct lin tc, nh trong cc thp chng cttrong cng nghip. Trong nhiu trng hp c mt t l nht nh ca hn hp hai cht lng m khng th tip tc tch bng phng php chng ct c na. Cc hn hp ny c gi l hn hp ng ph. Nu mun tng nng ca cn phi dng n cc phng php tinh ct c bit khc. C th s dng cc loi thp chng ct sau: - Thp chng ct dng mm xuyn l hoc mm a li.- Thp chng ct dng mm chp.- Thp m (thp chng ct dng vt chm).Nhn xt v u khuyt im ca tng loi thp- Thp mm xuyn lu im: Ch to n gin, v sinh d dng, tr lc thp hn thp chp, t tn kim loi hn thp chp. Nhc im: Yu cu lp t cao: Mm lp phi rt phng, i vi thp c ng knh qu ln (>2.4m) t dng mm xuyn l v khi cht lng phn phi khng u trn a.- Thp chpu im:Hiu sut truyn khi cao, n nh, t tiu hao nng lng hn nn c s mm t hn.Nhc im: Ch to phc tp, tr lc ln.- Thp mu im: Ch to n gin, tr lc thp.Nhc im: Hiu sut thp, km n nh do s phn b cc pha theo tit din thp khng u, sdngthpchmkhngchophptakimsot qutrnhchngct theo SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 7 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hngkhng gian thp trong khi thp mm th qu trnh th hin qua tng mm 1 cch r rng, thp m kh ch to c kch thc ln quy m cng nghip.Bng 1.1So snh u v nhc im ca cc loi thp.Thp m. Thp mm xuyn l. Thp mm chp.u im- n gin.- Tr lc thp.- Hiu sut tng i cao.- Hot ng kh n nh.- Lm vic vi cht lng bn.- Hiusut cao.- Hot ngn nh.Nhc im- Hiusut thp.- n nh km.- Thit b nng.- Tr lc kh cao.- Yu cu lp t kht khe. - Lp a tht phng.- Cu to phc tp- Tr lc ln.Hnh 1.5. Hnh minh ha thp chp [5]SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 8 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngHnh 1.6. Hnh minh ho a mm l[5]Hnh 1.7. Hnh minh ha cho thp a m [5]SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 9 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1.2. GII THIU S B V NGUYN LIU [7]1.2.1 Nc 1.2.1.1. Khi nimNcl mt hp cht ha hc ca oxy v hydro, c cng thc ha hc l H2O. Vi cc tnh cht l ha c bit (v d nh tnh lng cc, lin kt hydro v tnh bt thng ca khi lng ring) nc l mt cht rt quan trng trong nhiu ngnh khoa hc v trong i sng 70% din tch ca Tri t c nc che ph nhng ch 0,3% tng lng nc trn Tri t nm trong cc ngun c th khai thc dng lm nc ung.Bn cnh nc thng thng cn c nc nng v nc siu nng. cc loincny, ccnguynthydrobnhthngcthaythbiccngv teri v triti. Nc nng c tnh cht vt l (im nng chy cao hn, nhit si cao hn, khi lng ring cao hn) v ha hc khc vi nc thng.1.2.1.2. Cu to*). Hnh hc ca phn t ncPhn t nc Phn t nc bao gm hai nguyn t hydro v mt nguyn t oxy. V mt hnh hc th phn t nc c gc lin kt l 104,45.Do cc cp in t t do chim nhiu ch nn gc ny sai lch i so vi gc l tng ca hnh t din. Chiu di ca lin kt O-H l 96,84 picomet.*). Tnh lng cc Tnh lng ccSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 10 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng Oxy c m in cao hn hydro. Vic cu to thnh hnh ba gc v vic tch in tng phn khc nhau ca cc nguyn t dn n cc tnh dng cc nguyn t hydro v cc tnh m nguyn t oxy, gy ra s lng cc. Da trn hai cp in t n c ca nguyn t oxy, l thuyt VSEPR gii thch s sp xp thnh gc ca hai nguyn t hydro, vic to thnh moment lng cc v v vy m nc c cc tnh cht c bit. V phn t nc c tch in tng phn khc nhau nn mt s sng in t nht nh nh sng cc ngn c kh nng lm cho cc phn t nc dao ng, dn n vic nc c un nng. Hin tng ny c p dng ch to l vi sng.*). Lin kt hydroLin kt hydro Cc phn t nc tng tc ln nhau thng qua lin kt hydro v nh vy c lc ht phn t ln. y khng phi l mt lin kt bn vng. Lin kt ca cc phn t nc thng qua lin kt hydro ch tn ti trong mt phn nh ca mt giy, sau cc phn t nc tch ra khi lin kt ny v lin kt vi cc phn t nc khc. ng knh nh ca nguyn t hydro ng vai tr quan trng cho vic to thnh cc lin kt hydro, bi v ch c nh vy nguyn t hydro mi c th n gn nguyn t oxy mt chng mc y . Cc cht tng ng ca nc, v d nh dihydro sulfua (H2S), khng to thnh cc lin kt tng t v hiu s in tch qu nh gia cc phn lin kt. Vic to chui ca cc phn t nc thng qua lin kt cu ni hydro l nguyn nhn cho nhiu tnh cht c bit ca nc, v d nh nc mc d c khi lng mol nh vo khong 18g/mol vn th lng trong iu kin tiu chun. Ngc li, H2S tn ti dng kh cng trong nhng iu kin ny. Nc c khi lng ring ln nht 4oC v nh vo m bng c th ni ln trn mt nc; hin tng ny c gii thch nh vo lin kt cu ni hydro.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 11 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1.2.1.3.. Cc tnh cht ha l ca nc Cu to ca phn t nc to nn cc lin kt hydro gia cc phn t l c s cho nhiu tnh cht ca nc. Cho n nay mt s tnh cht ca nc vn cn l cu cho cc nh nghin cu mc d nc c nghin cu t lu. Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca nc c Anders Celsius dng lm hai im mc cho bch phn Celcius. C th, nhit nng chy ca nc l 0oC, cn nhit si (760mmHg) bng 100oC. Nc ng bng c gi l nc . Nc ha hi c gi l hi nc. Nc c nhit si tng i cao nh lin kt hydro. Di p sut bnh thng nc c khi lng ring (t trng) cao nht l 4C: 1g/cm l v nc vn tip tc gin n khi nhit gim xung di 4C. iu ny khng c quan st bt k mt cht no khc. iu ny c ngha l: Vi nhit trn 4C, nc c c tnh ging mi vt khc l nng n, lnh co; nhng vi nhit di 4C, nc li lnh n, nng co. Do hnh th c bit ca phn t nc (vi gc lin kt 104,45), khi b lm lnh cc phn t phi di xa ra to lin kt tinh th lc gic m. V vy m t trng ca nc nh hn nc th lng.Khi ng lnh di 4C, cc phn t nc phi di xa ra to lin kt tinh th lc gic m. Nc l mt dung mi tt nh vo tnh lng cc. Cc hp cht phn cc hoc c tnh ion nh axit, ru v mui u d tan trong nc. Tnh ha tan ca nc ng vai tr rt quan trng trong sinh hc v nhiu phn ng ha sinh ch xy ra trong dung dch nc.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 12 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng Nc tinh khit khng dn in. Mc d vy, do c tnh ha tan tt, nc hay c tp cht pha ln, thng l cc mui, to ra cc ion t do trong dung dch nc cho php dng in chy qua. V mt ha hc, nc l mt cht lng tnh, c th phn ng nh mt axit hay baz. 7pH (trung tnh) hm lng cc ion hydroxyt (OH-) cn bng vi hm lng ca hydronium (H3O+). Khi phn ng vi mt axit mnh hn th d nh HCl, nc phn ng nh mt cht kim: HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-Vi ammoniac nc li phn ng nh mt axit: NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-1.2.2. Axit axetic1.2.2.1. Gii thiu chung Axit axetic, hay cn gi l etanoic, l mt axit hu c (Axit Cacboxylic), mnhhnaxit cacbonic. Phntgmnhmmethyl (-CH3) linkt vi nhm caboxyl(-COOH).

M hnh phn t axit aceticGim l axit axetic nng t 26%. Gim c iu ch bng cch ln men ru etylic. Axit axetic cn c th c iu ch t axetylen, cracking du m hoc chng g.1.2.2.2. Tnh cht ha hcNguyn t hydro (H) trong nhm carboxyl (COOH) trong cc axit cacbolic nh axit axetic c th cung cp mt ion H+(proton), lm cho chng c tnh cht axit. Axit axetic l mt axit yu, thuc nhm axit monoprotic, c Ka = 4,75. N to ra gc lin kt l axetat (CH3COO). Dung dch 1,0M (tng ng nng gim gia nh) c pH l 2,4, cho thy ch 0,44% cc phn t axit axetic b phn ly.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 13 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngLin kt hai phn t axit axetic, ng t nt th hin cc lin kt hydro.Cu trc tinh th ca axit axetic cho thy cc phn t nh trng lin kt bi cclin kt hydro.Cc cht nh trng cng c th c pht hin dng hi 120C. Chngcngcmttrongphalngtrongccdungdchlongtrongcc dung mi khng c lin kt hydro, v mt mc nht nh trong axit axetic tinh khit, nhng b ph v trong cc dung mi c lin kt hydro. Enthalpyphnlycacccht nyctnhkhong65,066,0 kJ/mol, v entropy phn ly khong 154157 Jmol1 K1. Cch thc nh trng ny cng c th hin cc axit cacboxylic thp hn khc.Axit axetic lngl dung mi proticdnh t(phn t phn cc), tng t nh ethanolv nc. Vihng s in mitrung bnh khong 6,2; n c th ho tan khng ch trong cc hp cht phn cc nh cc mui v c v cc loi ng m n cn c kh nng ha tan trong cc hp cht khng phn cc nh du, v cc nguyn tnh lu hunhv it. N cng c th ha trn vi cc dung mi phn cc v khng phn cc khc nh nc, cloroform, v hecxan. i vi cc alkan cao phn t (t octantr ln) axit axetic khng c kh nng trn ln mt cch hon ton, v kh nng trn ln tip tc gim khi s n-alkan cng ln. Tnh cht ha tan v trn ln ca axit axetic lm cho n c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.1.2.2.3. Cc phn ng ha hcAxit axetic c th n mn cc kim loi nh st, mangan v km sinh ra kh hydro v cc mui kim loi tng ng gi l cc axetat. Nhm khi tip xc vi oxy s to thnh mt mng mng nhm oxit trn b mt lm cho n c kh nng chng li mt cch tng i s n mn ca axit, iu ny cho php cc bnh cha bng nhm c th dng vn chuyn axit axetic. Cc axetat kim loi cng c th c iu ch t axit axetic v mt bazo tng ng, nh phn ng ph bin l "natri bicacbonat + gim". Ch tr crm(II) axetat, th hu ht cc axetat cn li u c th ha tan trong nc.Mg (r) + 2CH3COOH (l) (CH3COO)2Mg (dd) + H2 (k) SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 14 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngNaHCO3 (r) + CH3COOH (dd) CH3COONa (dd) + CO2 (k) + H2O (l) Axit axeticcthtoccphnnghahcctrngcanhmaxit cacboxylicnhtorancvethanoatkimloikhiphnngvikim;tora ethanoat kim loi khi phn ng vi kim loi; v to ra ethanoat kim loi, nc v cacbon dioxitkhi phn ng vi cccacbonatvbicacbonat. Phn ng c trng nht l to thnh ethanol, v to thnh cc dn xut nh axetyl cloruabng cch thay th nhm -OH bi -Cl. Cc dn xut thay th khc nh anhydrit axetic;anhydritny c to ra theo phn ng trng ngngrch phn t nc t hai phn t ca axit axetic. Cc este ca axit axetic tng t c th c to ra bi este ha, v cc amit. Khi nung trn 440C, axit axetic phn hy to ra cacbon dioxit v metan, hoc to ra ethanon v nc. Axit axetic c th c nhn bit bi mi c trng ca n. Phn ng bin imuiviccmuica axitaxetic lcho tcdngvidungdchst(III) clorua, phn ng ny to ra mu m sau khi axit ha. Khi nung nng cc axetat viasen trioxitto ra cacodyl oxit, cht ny c th c nhn bit bi cc hi c mi hi.1.2.2.4. ng dngAxit axetic l mt axit quan trng nht trong cc loi axit hu c. Axit axetic tm c rt nhiu ng dng v n l loi axit hu c r tin nht. N c dng ch to rt nhiu hp cht v este. Ngun tiu th ch yu ca axit axetic l:Lm du n (dm n cha 4,5% axit axetic).Lm cht ng c nha m cao su.Lm cht do t si xenluloza axetat-lm phim nh khng nhy la.Lm cht nha kt dnh poly vinyl axetat.Lm cc phm mu, dc phm, nc hoa tng hp.Axetat nhm dng lm cht cn mu (mordant trong ngh nhum).SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 15 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngPhn ln cc ester axetat u l cc dung mi, v d: Izoamyl axetat ho tan c nhiu loi nha xenluloza.1.2.3. Hn hp nc-axit axetic [6]Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x)-hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp nc axit axetic 760 mmHg.Bng 1.1. Thnh phn lng (x)-hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp nc-axit axetic 760mmHg.x (% phn mol)0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100y (% phn mol)0 9.2 16.7 30.3 42.5 53 62.6 71.6 79.5 86.4 93 100t(oC) 118.4 115.4 113.8 110.1 107.5 105.8 104.4 103.3 102.1 101.3 100.6 100Hnh 1.8. th x-y ca h nc-axit acetic.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 16 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1.3. QUY TRNH CNG NGH CHNG CT H 2 CU T NC-AXIT ACETIC [6] 1.3.1. S cng nghHnh 1.9. S cng ngh chng ct h 2 cu t nc-axit acetic.Ch thch:1. Bn cha nguyn liu9. Nhit k2. Bm 10. p k3. Thng cao v11. Thit b ngng t sn phm nh4. Lu lng k 12. Ni un5. Thit b trao i nhit vi sn phm y 13. Bn cha sn phm nh6. Thit b gia nhit nhp liu14. Bn cha sn phm y7. By hi 15. B phn phn dng8. Thp chng ct SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 17 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng1.3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng nghHn hp axit axetic-nc nhit khong 28oC ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm ln bnh cao v (3). T hn hp c a n thit b trao i nhit (5) trao i nhit vi sn phm y. Sau hn hp c un si n nhit si trong thit b gia nhit (6) hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (8) a nhp liu.Trn a nhp liu cht lng c trn vi phn lng t phn ct ca thp chng ct chy xung. Trong thp hi i t di ln gp lng i t trn xung. y c s tip xc v trao i gia 2 pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung cng gim nng cu t d bay hi v b pha hi t ni un (12) li cun d bay hi. Cng ln trn nh thp nhit cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln th cc cu t c nhit si cao l nc ngng t li, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu t nc nhiu nht. Hi ny c a vo thit b ngng t (11) v c ngng t hon ton. Mt phn cht lng c ngng t trao i nhit vi dng nhp liu trong thit b (5) ri vo bn cha sn phm nh (13). Phn cn li ca cht lng ngng t c hi lu v thp a trn cng vi t s hi lu ti u. Mt phn cu t si c nhit si thp c bc hi cn li cu t c nhit si cao trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng y thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht l cc cu t kh bay hi l axit axetic.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 18 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngCHNG 2:NI DUNG NGHIN CU*). Bng cc k hiuK hiu ngha n vCn bng vt chtFNng sut nhp liu theo khi lng kg/hFNng sut nhp liu theo s mol kmol/hDSut lng sn phm nh theo khi lng kg/hDSut lng sn phm nh theo s mol kmol/hWSut lng sn phm y theo khi lng kg/hWSut lng sn phm y theo s mol kmol/hFx Nng phn mol nhp liu trong pha lng % molFxNng phn khi lng nhp liu trong pha lng % khi lngDx Nng phn mol sn phm nh trong pha lng % molDxNng phn khi lng sn phm nh trong pha lng % khi lngWx Nng phn mol dng sn phm y trong pha lng % molWxNng phn khi lng sn phm y trong pha lng % khi lngFy Nng phn mol nhp liu trong pha hi % molFyNng phn khi lng dng nhp liu trong pha hi % khi lngDy Nng phn mol sn phm nh trong pha hi % molDyNng phn khi lng sn phm nh trong pha hi % khi lngWy Nng phn mol sn phm y trong pha hi % molWyNng phn khi lng sn phm y trong pha hi % khi lngxNng phn mol trong pha lng % molxNng phn khi lng trong pha lng % khi lng*y Nng phn mol trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng % mol*yNng phn khi lng trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng% khi lngMnKhi lng mol phn t nc kg/kmolaM Khi lng mol phn t axit axetic kg/kmoltbM Khi lng mol phn t trung bnh kg/kmolGSut lng theo s mol kmol/hGSut lng theo khi lng kg/hFM Khi lng mol phn t trung bnh nhp liu kg/kmolDM Khi lng mol phn t trung bnh sn phm nh kg/kmolWM Khi lng mol phn t trung bnh sn phm y kg/kmolSt Nhit si ca dung dchoCFSt Nhit si ca nhp liuoCDSt Nhit si ca sn phm nhoCSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 19 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngWSt Nhit si ca sn phm yoCFvt Nhit nhp liu vooCDrt Nhit sn phm nh raoCWrt Nhit sn phmy raoCNrt Nhit nc raoCNvt Nhit nc vooCTnh s a thcRminCh s hon lu ti thiuRthCh s hon lu thch hpf Ch s nhp liu bay hi tng i nht cPhh nht ca hn hp cPa nht ca axit axetic cPn nht ca nc cPHiu sut aD Hiu suta nhW Hiu sut a yF Hiu sut a v tr nhp liutb Hiu sut a trung bnhNttS a thc t aNttCS a thc t on chng aNttLS a thc t on luyn aNttTS a thc t c thp aNltS a l thuyt a2.1. CC THNG S BAN DU Nng sut nhp liu:F = 0.8 (m3/h) Nng nhp liu:Fx = 88% kl nc Nng sn phm nh:Dx = 99.55% kl nc Nng sn phm y: Wx= 70% kl nc Khi lng phn t nc v axit acetic: MN = 18, MA = 60 Chn:+ Nhit nhp liu: tF = 100.1727oC + Nhit sn phm nh: tD = 100.0235oC + Nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit: tW=40oC + Trng thi nhp liu: Lng, siSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 20 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng2.2. XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM Y Sut lng dng lu cht theo khi lng: G= G.tbM(kg/h) Sut lng dng lu cht theo mol:G = tbGM(kmol/h) Chuyn t phn khi lng sang phn mol:xF = aFbFbFMxMxMx) 1 ( +

= 60) 88 . 0 1 (1888 . 01888 . 0+= 0.9607 (phn mol nc) x D =aDbDbDMxMxMx) 1 ( + =60) 995 . 0 1 (18995 . 018995 . 0+= 0.9985 (phn mol nc) xW= awbwbwMxMxMx) 1 ( + = 60) 70 . 0 1 (1870 . 01870 . 0+= 0.8861(phn mol nc) Tnh Mtb: Mtb F =xF . Mb + (1- xF ) .Ma =0.9607*18+(1-0.9607)*60 = 19.6506 (kg/kmol)Mtb D =xD . Mb + (1- xD ) . Ma =0.9985*18 + (1 0.9985) * 60 = 18.063 (kg/kmol)MtbW

=xW * Mb + (1- xW ) * Ma =0.8861 * 18 + (1 0.8861 ) * 60=22.7838 (kg/kmol)SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 21 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng Khi lng ring ca hn hp nhp liu:) / ( 7532 . 957) / ( 6891 . 957) / ( 2231 . 958333m kg hhm kg Am kg N Sut lng dng nhp liu:F = hh MFFtb = 7532 . 957 * 6506 . 19800* 1000=42.507 (kmol/h) Phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho ton b thp chng ct:'+ + W Dx * W x * D x * FW D FF => W Dx xF=W Fx xD=F Dx xW=> D = W DW Fx xx x*F= 8861 . 0 9985 . 08861 . 0 9607 . 0*42.507 = 28.186 (kmol/kg)W =F - D = 42.507 - 28.186 = 14.321 (kmol/kg)D =D * Mtb D= 28.186 * 18.063 = 509.1237 (kg/h)W =W * MtbW= 14.321 * 22.7838 = 326.2867 (kg/h)2.3. XC NH T S HI LU THCH HP2.3.1. T s hi lu ti thiu T s hi lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l v cc. Do , chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin liu, nc v bm) l ti thiu.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 22 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.910 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Hnh 2.1. th biu din mi quan h gia xF v y*F Rmin = F FF Dx yy x** =9607 . 0 9700 . 09700 . 0 9985 . 0 3.1Vy: T s hi lu ti thiu l: Rmin = 3.1 2.3.2. T s hi lu thch hp [2] Khi R tng, s mm gim nhng ng knh tng, thit b ngng t, ni un v cng bm cng tng theo. Chi ph c nh s gim dn n cc tiu ri tng n v cc khi hi lu ton phn, lng nhit v lng nc s dng cng tng theo t s hi lu. Tng chi ph bao gm: Chi ph c nh v chi ph iu hnh. Chi ph hi lu thch hp ng vi tng chi ph l cc tiu.Tuy nhin, i khi cc chi ph iu hnh rt phc tp, kh kim sot nn ngi ta c th tnh t s hi lu thch hp t iu kin thp nh nht. tnh c t s hi lu thch hp theo iu kin thp nh nht (khng tnh n chi ph iu hnh) ta cn lp mi quan h gia t s hi lu v th tch thp t chn Rth ng vi th tch thp l nh nht. Nhn thy tit din thp ng vi lng hi i trong thp m lng hi t l vi lng lng hi lu trong thp, do trong iu kin lm vic nht nh th GD s khng i nn lng hi lu s t l vi (R+1), do , tit din thp s t l vi (R+1). SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 23 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngNgoi ra, chiu cao thp t l vi s n v chuyn khi mox hay s mm l thuyt Nlt. Cho nn, th tch lm vic ca thp t l vi tch s mox*(R+1). Nh vy, ta c th thit lp quan h gia R v Vthp theo quan h R v mox*(R+1). T th quan h ny ta xc nh c im cc tiu ca mox*(R+1) ng vi t s hi lu thch hp R.Bng 2.1. Mi quan h gia R, mox v mox*(R+1)R moxmox*(R+1)2.496 47.818 167.1732.723 37.733 140.4802.973 32.801 130.3203.023 33.545 134.9521201301401501601702.00 2.50 3.00 3.50RR*(mox+1)Hnh 2.2. th biu din mi quan h gia R, mox v mox*(R+1)Vy, ta c t s hi lu thch hp: R = Rmin * 1.3 + 0.3 = 3.1 * 1.3 + 0.3 =4.42.4. PHNGTRNHNGNNGLMVICVSMML THUYT [4] 2.4.1. Phng trnh nng lm vic ca on cty = 1.1.+++ RxxRRD= 1 4 . 49985 . 0.1 4 . 44 . 4+++x = 0.8148.x + 0.1849 2.4.2. Phng trnh nng lm vic ca on chngy =WxRfxRf R.11.1 ++++ = 8861 . 0 *1 4 . 41 508 . 1.1 4 . 4508 . 1 4 . 4+++x = 0.5356x 0.0833Vi: f =186 . 28507 . 42DF = 1,508:ch s nhp liu. 2.4.3. S mm l thuytSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 24 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngHnh 2.3. S mm a l thuyt th xc nh s mm l thuyt T th ta c: 23 mm, bao gm: 19 mm ct, 1 mm nhp liu, 3 mm chng. Tm li, s mm l thuyt l Nlt = 23 mm2.4.4. S mm a thc t [4]S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh:ttN = tbNlt[4(tp 2/170)]Trong : tb Hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l 1 hm s ca bay hi tng i v nht ca hn hp lng: = f( ,)Ntt: S mm thc tNlt: S mm l thuyt Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb:+ bay hi tng i ca cu t d bay hi: = xxyy +11**Vi: x: Phn mol ca nc trong pha lng.y*: Phn mol ca nc trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng.SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 25 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng lghh= x1lg1 + x2lg2[3(tp 1)trang 84]* Ti v tr nhp liu:xF = 0.9607 ta tra th cn bng ca h*Fy0.9700tF = 100.1727oC+ 9607 . 09607 . 0 19700 . 0 19700 . 0 11**FFFFFxxyy 1.27+ tF = 100.1727oC,a= 0.46.10-3 N.s/m2,n = 0.284.10-3 N.s/m2 (t2/91, 92)F = 0.443.10-3 (N.s/m2) = 0.443 cPSuy ra: F F . = 1.27*0.443 = 0.563Tra ti liu tham kho [tp 2, trang 171]: F = 0.58* Ti v tr mm y:Wx 0.8861 tra th cn bng ca h *Wy = 0.925+ 8861 . 08861 . 0 1925 . 0 1925 . 0 11**WWWWWxxyy = 1.58+ a 0.46*10-3 N.s/m2,n = 0.284* 10-3 N.s/m2W = 0.443*10-3 N.s/m2 = 0.443cP Suy raw w . = 1.58*0.443 = 0.7Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2) trang 171]W= 0.54* Ti v tr mm nh:xW = 0.9985 ta tra th cn bng ca h: y*D = 0.999TD = 100.0235oC+ 9985 . 09985 . 0 1.999 . 0 1999 . 0 1.1**DDDDDxyyy = 1.5+ tD = 100.0235oC,a = 0.46*10-3 N.s/m2,n = 0.284*10-3 N.s/m2A = 0.443*10-3 N.s/m2 = 0.443 cP Suy ra: D D . = 1.58*0.443 = 0.67Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2) trang 171] D = 0.56Suy ra hiu sut trung bnh ca a:

356 . 0 54 . 0 58 . 03+ ++ +D W Ftb = 0.56SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 26 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng S mm a thc t ca thp Ntt:Ntt = 56 . 023 = 41 mm CHNG III: TNH TON V THIT K THP CHNG CT3.1. NG KNH THP (Dt)Dt = tbtbV . 3600 .4(m) [4(tp 2) trang 181]Vtb: Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).tb: Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).gtb: Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h).Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau. Do , ng knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau. 3.1.1. ng knh on ct+ Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp: 21g ggdtb+(kg/h)gd: Lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (kg/h).g1: Lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (kg/h). Xc nh gd:gd = D.(R + 1) = 509.1237*(4.4 + 1) = 2749.268 (kg/h) Xc nh g1: T h phng trnhSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 27 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng

'+ + d dDr g r gx D x G y gD G g. .. . .1 11 1 1 11 1 (III.1)Vi:G1: Lng lng a th nht ca on ct.r1:n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct. rd:n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp.* Tnh r1:t1 = tF = 100.1727oC, tra ti liu tham kho (3(tp 1) ta c:n nhit ho hi ca nc: rNd = 2256.5573 (kJ/kg).n nhit ho hi ca acid axetic: rRd = 38.9795 (kJ/kg).Vi xD = 0.9985 tra th ta c: yD = 0.995Suy ra: rd = rNd.yD + (1-yD).rAd = 2256.5573*0.995 + (1-0.995 + (1-0.995).38.9795= 2245.4694 ( kJ/kg).* x1 = xF = 0,9607Gii h (III.1), ta c:') / ( 7 6 4 1 . 2 8 0 88 9 9 1 . 0) / ( 0 5 2 5 . 2 3 4 1111h k g gyh k g G(phn khi lng nc)=> y1= 0.9641Vy: ) / ( 2031 . 266727641 . 2808 6421 . 2525h kg gtb++ Tc hi trung bnh i trong thpTc ca hi i trong thp m:Y = 1,2.e -4.xY = 16 . 032

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Nxxtbytb d sg p vp X = 8 / 14 / 1

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xtbytbyxppGGSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 28 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng216 . 038 / 1 4 / 12) 4 .( 2 , 1 1s sANytb dxtbxtbytbTxspg p vppGGg ;'

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Vi:p xtb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (kg/m3). P ytb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (kg/m3).Tc sc (m/s)k: Tc lm vic thch hp (m/s)d: B mt ring ca m (m2/m3) vd: Th tch t do ca m (m3/m3)

A: nht ca pha lng theo nhit trung bnh (N.s/m2) N: nht ca nc 20oC (N.s/m2) Gx: Lng long trung bnh qua thp (kg/s) Gy: Lng hi trung bnh qua thp (kg/s) g: Gia tc trng trng (m/s)Gii phng trnh trn ta tm c tc sc:Tc lm vic thch hp: s k ) 9 . 0 8 . 0 ( * Xc nh pytb:[ ]) 273 .( 4 . 22273 . 60 ). 1 ( 18 .+ +tbtb tbytbty ypVi:+ Nng phn mol trung bnh.+ Nhit trung bnh on ct.Ct tto D Ft0614 . 10020235 . 100 1727 . 1002++Suy ra: 6113 . 0 ytbp(kg/m3)* Xc nh pxtb:Nng phn mol trung bnh:9796 . 029985 . 0 9607 . 02++D Ftbx xxSuy ra: % 9351 . 060 ). 1 ( . 18. 18 +tb tbtbtbx xxxttb = 100.0614oC, tra ti liu tham kho (3 tp 1) trang 9), ta c:SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 29 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hngpxtb = 1000.02341 (kg/m3) nht trung bnh ca pha lngcPx xcPcPxA tb N tbl XNA2866 . 02498 . 1 2837 . 0 lg . 0204 . 0 4596 . 0 lg . 9796 . 0 lg ) 1 ( lg lg4596 . 02837 . 0 + + Chn m vng s c kch thc: 50x50x5 vi:d= 95(m2/m3)vd =0.79(m3)dd =0,05(m)pd = 500 (kg/ m3)Nd = 5800( vin)Suy ra: .16 , 038 / 1 4 / 1) 2866 . 0 ( 6613 . 0 . 9579 . 0 . 0231 . 1000 . 81 . 90231 . 10006113 . 0.741 . 0611 . 0. 75 . 1 ) 125 , 0 ( lg;'

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s ) / ( 8072 . 6 s ms Tc lm vic thch hp ca thp:) / ( 4457 . 5 8072 . 6 * 8 . 0 . 8 , 0 s mgh h Vy ng knh on ct:Dct = ) ( 5325 . 04457 . 5 * 6113 . 0 * 785 . 0 * 36007409 . 0 * 4. . 785 . 0 * 3600. 4. mpGk ytby 3.1.2. ng knh on chng+ Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp 21' ''g ggntb+ (kg/h)`ng Lng hi ra khi on chng (kg/h).1'g Lng hi i vo on chng (kg/h). Xc nh `ng`ng = g1 = 2808.7641 (kg/h) Xc nh1'g T h phng trnhSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 30 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng' + + 1 1, ,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,. . .. . .r g r g r gx w y g x Gw g Gn nw ws (III.2)Vi: `1gLng lng a th nht ca on chng. r,1 n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.* Tnh 1,r:xw = 0,8861 tra th cn bng ca h ta c: yw = 0,9227.Suy ra:7817 . 060 ). 9227 . 0 1 ( 9227 . 0 . 189227 . 0 * 1860 ). 1 ( . 18. 18 + +w wwwy yyyY1 = yw = 0.7817Suy ra: Mtbg` = 18.yw +(1-yw).60 = 21.2466 (kg/mol).C t tow6266 . 100 1, tra ti liu tham kho (3 ( tp 1)), ta c:n nhit ho hi ca nc: r`N1 = 2200.5516 (kJ/kg).n nhit ho hi ca axit axetic: r`A1 = 390.7528 (kJ/kg).Suy ra: r`1 = r`A1.yw + (1-yw).r`N1 = 1805.4838 (kJ/kg)* Tnh r1: r1 = 390.7385 + 1811.0483.y1= 390.7385 + 1811.0483*0.7817 = 2019.1419 (kJ/kmol).* W = 14.321 (kmol/h)Gii h (III.2) ta c: ') / ( 8 1 5 7 . 2 9 8) / ( 9 6 4 5 . 3 4 3 97 7 4 6 . 01,1,1,h k g gh k g GXVy: g`tb = ) / ( 9565 . 297421488 . 3141 7641 . 2808h kg ++Tc hi trung bnh i trong thpSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 31 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngTc ca hi i trong thp m:Y = 1,2.e-4.xY = 16 . 032.

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Nxytb dsg p vpxtb X = 8 / 14 / 1

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xtbytbyppGGX;'

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16 . 038 / 1 4 / 12) 4 .( 2 , 1 lgANytb dxtbxtbytbtXspg p vppGG

2s s Vi:pxtb: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (kg/m3)Pytb: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (kg/m3). Tc sc (m/s)k: Tc lm vic thch hp (m/s)d: B mt ring ca m (m2/m3)Vd: Th tch t do ca m (m3/m3)A: nht ca pha lng theo nhit trung bnh (N.s/m2)N: nht ca nc 20oC (N.s/m2)Gx: Lng lng trung bnh qua thp (kg/s)Gy: Lng hi trung bnh qua thp (kg/s)G: Gia tc trng trng (m/s)Gii phng trnh trn ta tm c tc sc:Tc lm vic thch hp:s k ) 9 . 0 8 . 0 ( * Xc nh p`ytb:[ ]273 .( 4 . 22273 . 60 ). 1 ( 18 .,,,,+ +tbtbtbytbty ypVi:SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 32 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng + Nng phn mol trung bnh:9434 . 029641 . 0 9227 . 021 ,++wtby yy+ Nhit trung bnh on chng: t`tbCt to w F3993 . 10026266 . 100 1727 . 1002++Suy ra: p`ytb = 0.6883 (kg/m3)* Xc nh p`xtb:Nng khi lng trung bnh:x`tb =79 . 0288 . 0 7 . 02++w Fx xSuy ra:x`tb = 0.79 =79%t`tb = 100.3996oC, tra ti liu tham kho(3(tp 1)- trang 9), ta c:Khi lng ring ca nc: p`N = 958.2231 (kg/m3)Khi lng ring ca axit axetic: p`A = 957.6891 (kg/m3)Suy ra: P`xtb =) / ( 9493 . 957131,,,,m KgpxpxNtbAtb

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+ nht trung bnh ca pha lng:cPx xcPcPxA tb N tbl xNA2944 . 02228 . 1 2829 . 0 lg . 0766 . 0 4582 . 0 lg . 9234 . 0 lg ) 1 ( lg lg4582 . 02829 . 0 + + Chn m vng s c kch thc 50x50x5 vi:) ( 5800) / ( 500) ( 05 . 0) ( 79 . 0) / ( 95333 2vin Nm Kg pm dm vm mddddd Suy ra: SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 33 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hng.16 , 038 / 1 4 / 1) 2944 . 0 ( 883 . 0 * 9579 . 949380 . 957 * 81 . 99493 . 9576883 . 0.8264 . 05842 . 0. 75 . 1 ) 125 . 0 ( lg;'

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s s ms/ ( 303 . 6 )Tc lm vic thch hp ca thp:) / ( 0424 , 5 303 , 6 . 8 , 0 . 8 , 0 s mgh h Vy: ng knh on ct:Dct = ) ( 5507 . 00424 . 5 * 6883 . 0 * 785 . 0 * 36008264 . 0 * 4. . 785 . 0 * 36000. 4. mpGk ytby Kt lun: Hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu ln nn ta chn ng knh ca ton thp l: Dt = 0.542(m)Khi tc lm vic thc :) / ( 2634 . 5785 . 0 * 3600 * 6113 . 0 * 5416 . 0741 . 0 * 4785 . 0 * 3600 . .. 42 2s mp DGybttyk + Phn ct: % 5 % 4 . 3 034 . 02634 . 52634 . 5 4457 . 5<

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hhk + Phn chng:% 5 % 3 . 3 033 . 02141 . 52141 . 5 4457 . 5) / ( 214 . 5785 . 0 * 3600 * 6883 . 0 * 5416 . 08264 . 0 * 4785 . 0 * 3600 . .. 42 2<

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hhytbtkkys mp DG 3.2. CHIU CAO THP3.2.1. Chiu cao phn ct) ( 3239 . 04457 . 51.9579 . 0. 2001. . 200) 1 8 . 0 ( .4 , 02 / 14 . 02 / 11mvhh N Hyddtdtd ,_

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+ htd: Chiu cao tng ng ca mt bc thay i nng (m)k y Tc ca pha khi i trong thpSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 34 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngN: S a l thuyt) ( 2792 . 7 8 . 0 3239 . 0 * 20 ) 1 8 . 0 ( .1m h N Htd + + 3.2.2. Chiu cao phn chng) 1 8 . 0 ( .2 + tdh N H) ( 3341 . 00424 . 51.9579 . 0. 2001. . 2004 , 02 / 14 , 0mvhyddtd

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htd: chiu cao tng ng ca mt bc thay i thay i nng (m)k y tc ca pha kh i trong thp. ) ( 8023 . 1 8 . 0 3341 . 0 * 3 ) 1 8 . 0 ( .2m h N Htd + + Chiu cao ca thp m: H = H1 + H2= 7.2792 + 1.8023 = 9.1m3.2.3. Cc s liu khc ca thp chngMt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc thit b. Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp X18H10T. C b dy 3mm.ngknhltrna: 3mm. Bdya: 2mm. Khongcchgia2a: 250mm. ng dn cht lng: 50mm. ng dn hi: 100mm. Knh quan st: 150mm. Bch ghp thn np y: 3mmKT LUNSauhn1thngthchintiNGHINCUTHITK, TNH TON H THNG THP CHNG CT. Em thit k c thp chng ct h hn hp 2 cu t nc-axit axetic tng i hon chnh khi bit trc nng sut, nng nhp liu v nng ca sn phm nh sn phm y. Tnh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lm vic ca thit b, cng nh iu kin vn hnh ca thit b.c tnh k thut ca thit b chng ct ng vi cc thng s cho ban u: SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 35 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngT s hi lu thch hp: R = 4.4.S mm a l thuyt:23 mm. S mm a thc t: 41 mm. ng knh thp: 0.542m = 542mm. ng knh l trn a: 3mm.B dy a: 2mm. Khong cch gia 2 a:250mm. B dy y np thn: 3mm.ng dn cht lng:50mm. ng dn hi: 100mm.Bch nghp thn np y: 3mm. Knh quan st:150mmLI CM NTrongsutqutrnhhctptitrngCaongNghKThut Cng Ngh Dung Qut, em c cc thy c trong khoa v nh trng cung cp, truyn t v ch bo nhit tnh nhng kin thc, n tng qu gi trong sut thi gian hc. Ngoi ra, em cn c rn luyn mt k nng hc tp, lm vic rt cao. Nhng yu t c bn ny gip em ha nhp nhanh vo SVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 36 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc Hngmi trng lm vic sau khi em ra trng v l nhng nn tng vng chc gip em thnh cng trong s nghip sau ny. n mn hc ny l tng hp nhng kin thc em hc, ng thi rt ra nhng kinh nghim thc t trong sut thi gian thc hin ti.u tin em xin chn thnh cm n thy Trng Quc Hng l gio vin hng dn trc tip cho n ca em v l ngi gip em hon thnh n mt cch thun li. Thy lun bn cnh ng gp sa cha nhng thiu xt, sai st v khuyt im m em mc phi a ra nhng hng gii quyt tt nht t khi em nhn ti n khi hon thnh.Em cng xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca bn b, ngi thn ng h, ng vin em trong sut qu trnh thc hin n.Xin knh chc thy c trng Cao ng Ngh K Thut Cng Ngh Dung Qut mnh khe, hnh phc, vng bc trn con ng Mi nm trng cy, trm nm trng ngi.Qung ngi, ngy 26 thng 7 nm 2011. Nhm sinh vin: ng Cng BaHong Ngc i L Quc HngNguyn Hoi Nam Nguyn Hng QuangSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 37 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang n ho cng GVHD: Ths. Trng Quc HngSVTH: Nguyn Hoi Nam, L Quc Hng Trang 38 ng Cng Ba, Hong Ngc i, Nguyn Hng Quang