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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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MC LC

Trang ph ba ........................................................................................................ 1

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn......................................................................... 2Mc lc .................................................................................................................. 3

Danh mc cc t vit tt ........................................................................................ 6

Li m u ............................................................................................................ 7

Chng 1: Tng quan mng my tnh ............................................................... 8

1.1 Khi nim mng my tnh ................................................................................ 8

1.2 Phn loi mng my tnh .................................................................................. 9

1.3 Cc m hnh qun l mng ................................................................... 9

1.3.1 Workgroup .................................................................................. 9

1.3.2 Domain ....................................................................................... 10

1.4 Ccm hnh ng dng mng .............................................................. 10

1.4.1 Mng ngang hng(peer to peer) ................................................. 11

1.4.3 Mng LAN kt ni dy............................................................... 11

1.4.3.1 Mng dng sao ................................................................... 121.4.3.2 Mng dng tuyn ............................................................... 13

1.4.3.3 Mng dng vng................................................................. 13

1.4.3.4 Mng dng kt hp............................................................. 14

1.4.4 Mng LAN kt ni khng dy(Wireless) .................................... 14

1.5 B giao thc TCP/IP ........................................................................... 15

1.6 M hnh OSI ........................................................................................ 15

1.7 Cc thit b LAN c bn ...................................................................... 17

1.7.1. Cc thit b chnh ca LAN ....................................................... 17

1.7.1.1 Card mng- NIC ................................................................ 17

1.7.1.2 Hub .................................................................................... 18

1.7.1.3 B dn ng (router)....................................................... 18

1.7.1.4 B chuyn mch(switch)................................................... 18

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1.7.1.5 Firewall: Phn loi-chc nng-cu to ............................. 19

1.7.2 H thng cp dng cho LAN ............................................................. 21

1.7.2.1 Cp xon ........................................................................... 211.7.2.2 Cp ng trc .................................................................... 21

1.7.2.3 Cp si quang.................................................................... 21

Chng 2: Kho st v thit k mng LAN ...................................................... 23

2.1Thit k mng LAN .............................................................................. 23

2.1.1 M hnh phn cp .................................................................... 23

2.1.2 M hnh an ninhan ton ....................................................... 24

2.2Kho st hin trng ............................................................................. 29

2.3Phn tch .............................................................................................. 30

2.4Thit k ................................................................................................ 30

2.4.1 Thit k s mng logic.......................................................... 31

2.4.2 Xy dng chin lc khai thc v qun l ti nguyn ............... 31

2.4.3 Thit k s mng logic.......................................................... 31

2.4.4 Chn h iu hnh mng v cc phn mm ng dng .............. 322.5 Ci t................................................................................................... 32

2.5.1 Lp t phn cng ...................................................................... 32

2.5.2 Ci t v cu hnh phn mm.................................................... 33

2.6 Kim th ............................................................................................... 33

2.7 Bo tr ................................................................................................... 33

Chng 3: Thit k mng LAN cho Cty ITCON .............................................. 34

3.1 Bi ton t ra ....................................................................................... 34

3.2 M hnh logic ........................................................................................ 35

3.3 M hnh logic ........................................................................................ 36

3.4 Ci t phn mm ................................................................................. 36

3.4.1 Ci t v cu hnh Server.......................................................... 36

3.4.2 Ci t v cu hnh my trm...................................................... 36

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Chng4: Kt qu v bnh lun ........................................................................ 37

Kt lun v kin ngh .................................................................................. 37

Danh mc phn cng cng vic .................................................................. 38Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................... 39

Ph lc ................................................................................................................. 40

Ph lc 1Hng dn bm dy mng u RJ45 .......................................... 40

1.1. Phng php bm u RJ- 45 ................................................... 40

1.2. Chun b cng c v vt liu bm dy mng ............................ 41

1.3. Thc hinbm u RJ45 .......................................................... 41

Ph lc 2: Hng dn cu hnh dch v trn Server .................................. 44

2.1Ci t Domain Controller........................................................... 44

2.2Ci t DHCP ............................................................................. 50

2.3Ci t Active Directory .............................................................. 57

Ph lc 3: Hng dn cu hnh kt ni trn my trm .............................. 61

3.1 Join Domain cho my trm ......................................................... 61

3.2 Ci t my in qua mng ............................................................. 613.3 Gii thiu phn mm ISA ........................................................... 63

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DANH MC CC T VIT TT

T vit tt Dng y

CPU Center Processor Unit

DNS Domain Name System

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GAN Global Area Network

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

IGMP Internet Group Messages Protocol

IP Internet Protocol

ISO International Standard Oranization

LAN Local Area Network

MAC Media Access Control

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

NIC Network Information Center

NLSP Netware Link Servise Protocol

OS - IS Open System Interconnection Intermediate System To

Intermediate System

OSI Open Systems Interconnect

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

RIP Routing Information Protocol

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSTP Shield Twisted Pair

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UTP Unshield Twisted Pair

WAN Wide Area Network

WWW World Wide Web

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LI M U

Ngy nay trn th gii cng ngh thng tin trnn ph bin v hu nhmi lnh vc u c s gp mt ca nn cng ngh mi ny. Hin nay vi s pht

trin n chng mt ca cng ngh thng tin, ngoi nhng tin ch c nhng trao

i, tm kim thng tin qua mng, o to qua mng, gii tr trn mng ( nghe nhc,

xem fim, chi game) n tip cn n ci nh nht trong i sng hng ngy

ca con ngi.

Vit Nam trong cng ngh thng tin tuy v ang pht trin rt nhanh

nhng s ng ngi dn cn kh xa l vi cng ngh thng tin. Vi xu hng tin

hc ho ton cu, vic ph cp tin hc cho ngi dn l ht sc quan trng. V vy

vic thit k v lp t mng cc b cho cc c quan x nghip v trng hc l rt

cn thit.

Trong khun kh n mn hc ny chng ti trnh by v: Kho st, thit

k v xy dng mng Lantrong mt cng ty va v nh

Bo co gm 3 chng :CHNG I: TNG QUAN MNG MY TNH

CHNG II: KHO ST V THIT K MNG LAN

CHNG III THIT K MNG LAN CHO CNG TY ITCON

CHNG IV: KT QU V BNH LUN

Do thi gian v kin thc c hn nn bi vit cn nhiu hn ch, rt mong s

ng gp kin ca cc thy c v cc bn.

Chng ti chn thnh cm n!

Nhm 9DTL10A

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CHNG 1:

TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH.

1.1Khi nim v mng my tnh :Ni mt cch c bn, mng my tnh l hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni

vi nhau theo mt cch no . Khc vi cc trm truyn hnh gi thng tin i, cc

mng my tnh lun hai chiu, sao cho khi my tnh A gi thng tin ti my tnh B

th B c th tr li li A.

Ni mt cch khc, mt s my tnh c kt ni vi nhau v c th trao i

thng tin cho nhau gi l mng my tnh.

T cc my tnh ring r, c lp vi nhau, nu ta kt ni chng li thnh mng my

tnh th chng c thm nhng u im sau:- Nhiu ngi c th dng chung mt phn mm tin ch.

- Mt nhm ngi cng thc hin mt n nu ni mng h s dng chung

d liu ca n, dng chung tp tin chnh (master file ) ca n, h trao i

thng tin vi nhau d dng.

- D liu c qun l tp trung nn an ton hn , trao i gia nhng ngi

s dng thun li hn, nhanh chng hn.

- C th dng chung cc thit b ngoi (my in, my scan).

- Ngi s dng trao i vi nhau th tn d dng (Email ) v c th s dng

mng nh lmt cng c ph bin tin tc, thng bo v mt chnh sch mi, v

ni dung bui hp, v cc thng tin kinh t khc nh gi c th trng, tin rao vt

(mun bn hoc mun mua mt ci g ), hoc sp xp thi kho biu ca mnh

chen ln vi thi kho biu ca cc ngi khc

M hnh mng cn bn.

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- Mng my tnh cho php ngi lp trnh mt trung tm my tnh ny c th

s dng cc chng trnh tin chca cc trung tm my tnh khc, s lm tng hiu

qu kinh t ca h thng.- Rt an ton cho d liu v phn mm v phn mm mng s kho cc tp

(files ) khi c nhng ngi khng quyn truy xut cc tp tin v th mc .

1.2Phn loi mng my tnh :

Da vo phm vi phn b ca mng ta c th phn ra cc loi mng nh sau:

- Mng cc b LAN ( Local Area Network ): l mng clp t trong phm

vi hp, khong cch gia cc nt mng nh hn 10 Km. LAN thng c s dng

trong ni b c quan, x nghip Cc LAN c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh

WAN.

- Mng th MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network) : L mng c ci t

trong phmvi mt th hoc mt trung tm kinh t - x hi c bn knh khong

100 Km tr li.Cc kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua cc mi trng truyn

thng tc cao (50- 100 Mbit/s).

- Mng din rng WAN ( Wide Area Network ) : Phm vi ca mng c thvt qua bin gii quc gia v thm ch c chu lc.Thng thng kt ni ny c

thc hin thng qua mng vin thng. Cc WAN c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh

GAN hay t n l GAN.

- Mng ton cu GAN (Global Area Network ) : L mng c thit lp trn

phmvi tri rng khp cc chu lc trn tri t.Thng thng kt ni thng qua

mng vin thng v v tinh.

Trong cc khi nim trn, WAN v LAN l hai khi nim c s dng nhiu nht.

1.3Cc m hnh qun l mng

1.3.1 Workgroup:

Trong m hnh mng ny cc my tnh c quyn hn ngang nhau v khng c cc

my tnh chuyn dng lm nghip v cung cp dch v hay qun l. Cc my tnh t

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bo mt v qun l ti nguyn ca ring mnh, ng thi cc my tnh cc b ny

cng t chng thccho ngi dng cc b.

1.3.2 Domain:Ngc li vi m hnh Workgroup, trong m hnh Domain, vic qun l v chng

thc ngi dng mng tp trung ti my tnh Primary Domain Controller. Cc ti

nguyn mng cng c qun l tp trung v cp quyn hn cho tng ngi dng.

Lc trong h thng c cc my tnh chuyn dng lm nhim v cung cp cc

dch v v qun l cc my trm.

1.4 Cc m hnh ng dng mng

1.4.1 Mng ngang hng (peer to peer):Mng ngang hng cung cp vic kt ni c bn gia cc my tnh nhng khng c

bt k mt my tnh no ng vai tr phc v. Mt my tnh trn mng c th va

l Client va l Server. Trong mi trng ny ngi dng trn tng my tnh chu

trch nhim iu hnh v chia s ti nguyn ca my tnh mnh. M hnh ny ch

ph hpvi cc t chc nh, s ngi gii hn (thng thng t hn 10 ngi) v

khng quan tm n vn bo mt.

Mng ngang hng thng dng cc h iu hnh: Win95, Windows for

Workgroup, WinNT Workstation, Win00 Professional, OS/2.

u im: Do m hnh mng ngang hng n gin nn d ci t, t chc v qun

tr, chi ph thit b cho m hnh ny thp.

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Khuyt im: Khng cho php qun l tp trung nn d liu phn tn, kh nng bo

mt thp rt d b xm nhp. Cc ti nguyn khng c sp xp nn rt khnh v

v tm kim.

1.4.2 Mng khchch ( clientserver):Trong m hnh mng khch ch c mt h thng my tnh cung cp cc ti nguyn

v dch v cho c h thng mng s dng gi l cc my ch server.

Mt h thng my tnh s dng cc ti nguyn v dch v ny c gi l my

khch client. Cc server thng c cu hnh mnh (tc x l nhanh,kch thc

lu tr ln) hoc l cc my tnh chuyn dng. H iu hnh mng dng trong m

hnh clientserver l WinNT, Novell Netware, Unix, Win2k ..

u im : Do cc d liu c lu tr tp trung nn d bo mt,sao lu v ng b

vi nhau. Ti nguyn v dch v c tp trung nn d chia s v qun l, c th

phc v cho nhiu ngi dng.

Khuyt im : Cc server chuyn dng rt t tin, phi c nh qun tr cho h

thng.

1.4.3

M hnh mng LAN kt ni dyi vi m hnh mng Lan ny ta s dng m hnh mng sao tp trung do n

c cc u im sau:

Khng ng hay ch tc trn ng tuyn truyn,lp t n gin,d dng

cu hnh li.Nu c trc trc trn mt trm th ton mng khng nh hng qua

d dng kim sot li v khc phc s c .khuyt im th di gia hai nt mng

di 100m,cn nhiu cable.

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Computer Computer

Computer Computer

FILENAME

PC 3 PC 4

FILENAME

SWITCH

FILENAME

PC 2FILENAME

PC 1

M hnh mng LAN c kt ni dy

Mng cc b (LAN) l h truyn thng tc cao c thit k kt ni

cc my tnh v cc thit b x l d liu khc cng hot ng vi nhau trong mt

khu vc a l nhnh mt tng ca to nh, hoc trong mt to nh... . Mt s

mng LAN c th kt ni li vi nhau trong mt khu lm vic.

Mt s mng c kt ni hin nay:

1.4.3.1 Mang dng sao (Star Topology)Mng dng hnh sao bao gm mt b kt ni trung tm v cc nt . Cc nt

ny l cc trm u cui, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc ca mng. B kt ni

trung tm ca mng iu phi mi hot ng trong mng.

Mng dng hnh sao cho php ni cc my tnh vo mt b tp trung (Hub) bng

cp, gii php ny cho php ni trc tip my tnh vi Hub khng cn thng qua

trc bus, trnh c cc yu tgy ngng tr mng.

) Cc u im ca mng hnh sao: Hot ng theo nguyn l ni song song nn nu c mt thit b no

mt nt thng tin b hng th mng vn hot ng bnh thng.

Cu trc mng n gin v cc thut ton iu khin n nh.

Mng c th d dng mrng hoc thu hp.

) Nhng nhc im mng dng hnh sao:

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Khnng mrng mng hon ton ph thuc vo khnng ca trung

tm.

Khi trung tm c s c th ton mng ngng hot ng. Mng yu cu ni c lp ring r tng thit bcc nt thng tin n

trung tm. Khong cch tmy n trung tm rt hn ch (100 m).

1.4.3.2 Mng dng tuyn (Bus Topology)Thc hin theo cch b tr hnh lang, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc (cc

nt) , u c ni v vi nhau trn mt trc ng dy cp chnh chuyn ti tn

hiu. Tt ccc nt u s dng chung ng dy cp chnh ny.

Pha hai u dy cp c bt bi mt thit b gi l terminator. Cc tn hiu

v d liu khi truyn i dy cp u mang theo i ch ca ni n

) u im :

Loi hnh mng ny dng dy cp t nht, d lp t, gi thnh r.

) Nhc im:

S n tc giao thng khi di chuyn d liu vi lu lng ln.

Khi c s hng hc on no th rt kh pht hin, mt s ngngtrn ng dy sa cha s ngng ton b h thng.

Cu trc ny ngy nay t c s dng

1.4.3.3 Mng dng vng (Ring Topology)Mng dng ny, b tr theo dng xoay vng, ng dy cp c thit k

lm thnh mt vng khp kn, tn hiu chy quanh theo mt chiu no .

Cc nt truyn tn hiu cho nhau mi thi im chc mt nt m thi.

D liu truyn i phi c km theo a ch c th ca mi trm tip nhn.

) u im:

Mng dng vng c thun li l c th ni rng ra xa, tng ng dy

cn thit t hn so vi hai kiu trn

Mi trm c tht c tc ti a khi truy nhp.

) Nhc im:

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- ng dy phi khp kn, nu b ngt mt ni no th ton b h

thng cng b ngng.

1.4.3.4 Mng dng kt hp:Kt hp hnh sao v tuyn (star/Bus Topology): Cu hnh mng dng ny c

b phn tch tn hiu (spitter) gi vai tr thit b trung tm, h thng dy cp mng

c th chn hoc Ring Topology hoc Linear Bus Topology.Li im ca cu hnh

ny l mng c th gm nhiu nhm lm vic cch xa nhau, ARCNET l mng

dng kt hp Star/Bus Topology. Cu hnh dng ny a li s uyn chuyn trong

vic btr ng dy tng thch ddng i vi bt c to nh no.

1.4.3.5 Kt hp hnh sao v vng (Star/Ring Topology).Cu hnh dng kt hp Star/Ring Topology, c mt "th bi" lin lc (Token)

c chuyn vng quanh mt ci HUB trung tm. Mi trm lm vic (workstation)

c ni vi HUB - l cu ni gia cc trm lm vic v tng khong cch cn

thit.

1.4.4 M hnh mng LAN kt ni khng dy(Wireless)Mt s Lan khng dy gm c 3 phn:Wireless Client,Access Points v

Access Server.

- Wireless Client in hnh l mt chic laptop vi NIC(Network Interface

Card) khng dy c ci t cho php truy cp vo mng khng dy.

- Access Ponts(AP) cung cp s bao ph ca sng v tuyn trong mt

vng no (c bit n nh l cc cell (t bo) ) v kt ni n mng

khng dy.

- Access Server iu khin vic truy cp .C 2 chun 802.11b(Lan

11Mbps ti tn s2,4Ghz) v P Bluetooth c h try.Mt Access

Server (nh l Enterprise Access Server EAS) cung cp siu hnh ,qun

l, cc c tnh bo mt cho mng khng dy Enterprise.

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Computer Computer

Computer Computer

FILENAME

PC 3 PC 4

FILENAME

ACCESS POINT

FILENAME

PC 2

FILENAME

PC 1

M hnh mng khng dy

1.5B giao thc TCP/IP

Giao thc TCP/IP c pht trin t mng ARPANET v Internet v c

dng nh giao thc mng v vn chuyn trn mng Internet. TCP (Transmission

Control Protocol) l giao thc thuc tng vn chuyn v IP (Internet Protocol) l

giao thc thuc tng mng ca m hnh OSI. H giao thc TCP/IP hin nay l giao

thc c s dng rng ri nht lin kt cc my tnh v cc mng.

Nhim v chnh ca giao thc IP l cung cp khnng kt ni cc mng conthnh lin kt mng truyn d liu, vai tr ca IP l vai tr ca giao thc tng

mng trong m hnh OSI. Giao thc IP l mt giao thc kiu khng lin kt

(connectionlees) c ngha l khng cn c giai on thit lp lin kt trc khi

truyn d liu.

1.6M HNH OSI(open system interconnect)

hai my tnh c th trao i thng tin c vi nhau cn c rt nhiu vn

lin quan. V dnh cn c Card mng, dy cp mng, in th tn hiu trn cp

mng, cch thc ng gi d liu, iu khin li ng truyn vv... Bng cch phn

chia cc chc nng ny vo nhng tng ring bit nhau, vic vit cc phn mm

thc hin chng trnn ddng hn. M hnh OSI gip ng nht cc h thng

my tnh khc bit nhau khi chng trao i thng tin. M hnh ny gm c 7 tng:

- Tng 1: Tng vt k (Physical Layer)

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iu khin vic truyn ti tht scc bit trn ng truyn

vt l. N nh ngha cc thuc tnh vc, in, qui nh cc

loi u ni, ngha cc pin trong u ni, qui nh cc mcin thcho cc bit 0,1,.

- Tng 2:Tng lin kt dliu (Data-Link Layer)

Tng ny m bo truyn ti cc khung d liu (Frame)

gia hai my tnh c ng truyn vt l ni trc tip vi

nhau. N ci t c ch pht hin v x l li d liu nhn.

- Tng 3: Tng mng (Network Layer)

Tng ny m bo cc gi tin d liu (Packet) c th truyn

tmy tnh ny n my tnh kia cho d khng c ng truyn vt l trc tip

gia chng. N nhn nhim vtm ng i cho d liu n cc ch khc nhau

trong mng.

- Tng 4: Tng vn chuyn (Transport Layer)

Tng ny m bo truyn ti d liu gia cc qu trnh. D liu gi i c

m bo khng c li, theo ng trnh t, khng b mt mt, trng lp. i vicc gi tin c kch thc ln, tng ny s phn chia chng thnh cc phn nh

trc khi gi i, cng nh tp hp li chng khi nhn c.

- Tng 5:Tng giao dch (Session Layer)

Tng ny cho php cc ng dng thit lp, s dng v xa cc knh giao tip

gia chng (c gi l giao dch). N cung cp c ch cho vic nhn bit tn

v cc chc nng v bo mt thng tin khi truyn qua mng.

- Tng 6: Tng trnh by (Presentation Layer)

Tng ny m bo cc my tnh c kiu nh dng d liu khc nhau vn c

th trao i thng tin cho nhau. Thng thng cc my tnh s thng nht vi

nhau v mt kiu nh dng d liu trung gian trao i thng tin gia cc

my tnh. Mt d liu cn gi i sc tng trnh by chuyn sang nh dng

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trung gian trc khi n c truyn ln mng. Ngc li, khi nhn d liu t

mng, tng trnh by s chuyn d liu sang nh dng ring ca n.

- Tng 7: Tng ng dng (Application Layer)y l tng trn cng, cung cp cc ng dng truy xut n cc dch v

mng. N bao gm cc ng dng ca ngi dng, v dnh cc Web Browser

(Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer), cc Mail User Agent (Outlook Express,

Netscape Messenger, ...) hay cc chng trnh lm server cung cp cc dch v

mng nh cc Web Server (Netscape Enterprise, Internet Information Service,

Apache, ...), Cc FTP Server, cc Mail server (Send mail, MDeamon). Ngi

dng mng giao tip trc tip vi tng ny.

1.7Cc thit b LAN c bn:

Mng cc b LAN l h truyn thng tc cao c thit k kt ni cc

my tnh v cc thit b x l d liu khc nhau cng hot ng vi nhau trong mt

khu vc a l nh nh mt tng ca to nh, hoc trong mt to nh. Mt s

mng LAN c th kt ni li vi nhau trong mt khu lm vic.

1.7.1 Cc thit bni chnh ca LAN:1.7.1.1 Card mngNIC(Network Interface Card)

Card mng _ NIC l mt thit b c cm vo trong my tnh cung cp cng

kt ni vo mng.Card mng c coi l thit b hot ng lp 2 ca m hnh

OSI. Mi card mng c cha mt a ch duy nht l a ch MAC - Media

Access Control. Card mng iu khin vic kt ni ca my tnh vo cc

phng tin truyn dn trn mng.

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1.7.1.2 Hub:

L mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nht ca LAN, y l im kt ni dy

trung tm ca mng, tt c cc trm trn mng LAN c kt ni thng qua hub.

Mt hub thng thng c nhiu cng ni vi ngi s dng gn my tnh vcc thit b ngoi vi.

1.7.1.3 B dn ng (router ):

Router l mt thit b hot ng trn tng mng, n c th tm c ng itt

nht cho ccgi tin qua nhiu kt ni i t trm gi thuc mng u n trm

nhnthuc mng cui. Router c th c s dng trong vic ni nhiu mng vi

nhau v cho php cc gi tin c th I theo nhiu ng khc nhau ti ch.

Router c a ch ring bit v n ch tip nhn v x l cc gi tin gi n m

thi. Khi mt trm mun gi gi tin qua Router th n phi gi gi tin vi a ch

trc tip ca Router ( Trong gi tin phi cha cc thng tin khc v ch n ) v

khi gi tin n Router th Router mi x l v gi tip.

Khi x l cc gi tin Router phi tm c ng i tt nht trong mng da

trn cc thng tin no c v mng, thng thng trn mi Router c mt bng ch

ng (Router table ) ti u da trn mt thut ton xc nh trc. ngn chn vic mt mt d liu Router cn nhn bit c ng i no c

th chuyn vn v ngng chuyn vn khi ng b tc.

1.7.1.4 B chuyn mch (switch ):

Chc nng chnh cua switch l cng mt lc duy tr nhiu cu ni gia cc

thit b mng bng cch da vo mt loi ng truyn xng sng (backbone )

ni ti tc cao. Switch c nhiu cng, mi cng c th h tr ton b

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Ethernet LAN hoc Token Ring. B chuyn mch kt ni mt s LAN ring bit

v cung cp kh nng lc gi d liu gia chng.

1.7.1.5 Firewall - Phn loi - Chc nng v cu toFireWall l g ?

Thut ng FireWall c ngun gc t mt k thut thit k trong xy dng

ngn chn, hn ch ho hon. Trong Cng ngh mng thng tin, FireWall l mt k

thut c tch hp vo h thng mng chng li s truy cp tri php nhm bo

v cc ngun thng tin ni bcng nh hn ch s xm nhp vo h thng ca mt

s thng tin khc khng mong mun.

Firewall c chia lm 2 loi, gm Firewall cng v Firewall mm:

Firewall cng: L nhng firewall c tch hp trn Router.

+ c im ca Firewall cng:

- Khng c linh hot nh Firewall mm: (Khng th thm chc nng, thm quy

tc nh firewall mm)

- Firewall cng hot ng tng thp hn Firewall mm (Tng Network v tng

Transport)

- Firewall cng khng th kim tra c nt dung ca gi tin.

+ V d Firewall cng: NAT (Network Address Translate).

Firewall mm: L nhng Firewall c ci t trn Server.

+ c im ca Firewall mm:

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- Tnh linh hot cao: C th thm, bt cc quy tc, cc chc nng.

- Firewall mm hot ng tng cao hn Firewall cng (tng ng dng)

- Firewal mm c th kim tra c ni dung ca gi tin (thng qua cc t kha).+ V d v Firewall mm: Internet Security and Acceleration(ISA), Zone Alarm,

Norton Firewall

Ti sao cn Firewall?

Nu my tnh ca bn khng c bo v, khi bn kt ni Internet, tt c cc giao

thng ra vo mng u c cho php, v th hacker, trojan, virus c th truy cp v

ly cp thng tin c nhn cu bn trn my tnh. Chng ci t cc on m tncng file d liu trn my tnh. Chng c th s dng my tnh cu bn tn cng

mt my tnh ca gia nh hoc doanh nghip khc kt ni Internet. Mt firewall c

th gip bn thot khi gi tin him c trc khi n n h thng ca bn.

Chc nng chnh ca Firewall.

Chc nng chnh ca Firewall l kim sot lung thng tin t gia Intranet v

Internet. Thit lp c chiu khin dng thng tin gia mng bn trong (Intranet)

v mng Internet. C th l:

- Cho php hoc cm nhng dch v truy nhp ra ngoi (t Intranet ra Internet).

- Cho php hoc cm nhng dch v php truy nhp vo trong (t Internet vo

Intranet).

- Theo di lung d liu mng gia Internet v Intranet.

- Kim sot a ch truy nhp, cm a ch truy nhp.

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- Kim sot ngi s dng v vic truy nhp ca ngi s dng.

- Kim sot ni dung thng tin thng tin lu chuyn trn mng.

1.7.2 H thng cp dng cho LAN:

1.7.2.1 Cp xon:

y l loi cp gm 2 ng dy bng ng c xon vo nhau lm gim

nhiu in t gy ra bi mi trng xung quanh v gia chng vi nhau.

Cp c bc kim loi (STP): Lp bc bn ngoi c tc dng chng nhiu in

t, c loi c mt i dy xon vo nhau v c loi c nhiu i dy xon vo nhau.

Cp khng bc kim loi (UTP) : tnh tng t nh STP nhng km hn v kh

nng chng nhim t v suy hao v khng c v bc.

STP v UTP c 2 loi (Category-Cat) thng dng:

Loi Cat5: Thch hp cho ng truyn 100Mb/s.

Loi Cat6: Thch hp cho ng truyn 300Mb/s.

y l loi cp r , d lp t tuy nhin n d b nh hng ca mi trng.

1.7.2.2 Cp ng trc:

Cp ng trc c 2 ng dy dn v chng c cng 1 trc chung , 1 dy dntrung tm (thng l dy ng cng) ng dy cn li to thnh ng ng bao

xung quanh dy dn trung tm ( dy dn ny c th l dy bn kim loi v v n c

chc nng chng nhim t nn cn gi l lp bc kim). Gia 2 dy dn trn c 1

lp cch ly, v bn ngoi cng l lp v plastic bo v cp.

Hai loi cp thng c s dng l cp ng trc mng v cp ng trc dy.

ng knh cp ng trc mng l 0,25 inch v dy l 0,5 inch. C hai loi cp u

lm vic cng tc nhng cp ng trc mng c hao suy tn hiu ln hn.

Hin nay c cp ng trc sau :

RG -58,50 m: dng cho mng Ethernet

RG - 59,75 m: dng cho truyn hnh cp

Cc mng cc b s dng cp ng trc c di thng t 2,5 - 10Mbps, cp ng

trc c suy hao t hn so vi cc loi cp ng khc v n c lp v bc bn

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ngoi, di thng thng ca mt on cp ni trong mng l 200m, thng s

dng cho dng Bus.

1.7.2.3 Cp si quangCp si quang bao gm mt dy dn trung tm (l mt hoc mt b si thu

tinh c th truyn dn tn hiu quang) c bc mt lp v bc c tc dng phn x

cc tn hiu tr li gim s mt mt tn hiu. Bn ngoi cng l lp v plastic

bo v cp. Cp si quang khng truyn dn c cc tin hiu in m ch truyn

cc tn hiu quang v khi nhn chng s li chuyn i tr li thnh cc tn hiu

in. Cp quang c ng knh t 8.3 - 100 micron, do ng knh li thu tinh c

kch thc rt nh nn rt kh khn cho vic u ni, n cn cng ngh c bit vi

k thut cao v chi ph cao.

Di thng ca cp quang c th ln ti hng Gbps v cho php khong cch i

cp kh xa do suy hao tn hiu trn cp rt thp. Ngoi ra v cp si quang khng

dng tn hiu in t truyn d liu nn n hon ton khng b nh hng ca

nhiu in t v tn hiu truyn khng b pht hin v thu trn bng cc thit b in

t ca ngi khc.Nhc im ca cp quang l kh lp t v gi thanh cao, nhng nhn chung

cp quang thch hp cho mi mng hin nay v sau ny.

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CHNG 2

KHO ST VTHIT K MNG LAN

2.1 Thit k mng LAN:2.1.1 M hnh phn cp (Hierarchical models):

- Cu trc:

Lp li (Core Layer ):y l trc sng sng ca mng (backbone) thng

dng cc b chuyn mch c tc cao(Hight- Speed Switching) thng c cc

c tnh nh tin cy cao, cng sut d tha, kh nng t khc phc li, kh

nng thch nghi cao, p ng nhanh, d qun l, kh nng lc gi, hay lc cc

tin trnh trong mng.

Lp phn tn(Distribution Layer):L danh gii gia lp truy nhp v lp li

ca mng. Lp phn tn m bo chc nng nh m bo gi d liu n tng

phn on, m bo an ninh an ton, on mng theo tng nhm cng tc, chia

min Broadcast/multicast, nh tuyn gia cc LAN o (VLAN), chuyn mi

trng chuyn dn, nh tuyn gia cc min, to bin gii gia cc min trong

Access

Distribution

Core

Hnh 3-10: M hnh phn cp

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nh tuyn tnh v ng, thc hin cc b lc gi ( theo a ch theo s hiu

cng), thc hin cc c ch m bo cht lng dch v QOS.

Lp truy nhp (Access Layer):cung cp cc kh nng truy nhp cho ngidng cc b hay t xa truy nhp vo mng. Thng c thc hin bng cc b

chuyn mch (switch) trong mi trng campus, hay cng ngh WAN.

- nh gi m hnh:

Gi thnh thp.

D ci t.

D m rng.

D c lp li.

2.1.2 M hnh an ninhan ton:

An ton v bo mt lun l l do khin chng ta chn gii php lp t

kiu mng da trn my phc v.

Trong mi trng da trn my phc v, ch bo mt do ngi qun tr

mng qun l, bng cch t ra cc chnh sch v p t cc chnh sch y

cho tng ngi dng trn mng.Khi nim:

Theo mi nh ngha rng th an ninh an ton mng dng ring, hay mng

ni b l gi khng cho ai lm ci m mng ni b khng mun cho lm.

Vy khi kt ni LAN phi trin khai c ch no thc hin yu cu an ninh

an ton. Chng ta gi l an ninh an ton mng.

Ti nguyn m chng ta mun bo v l g?

L cc dchv m mng ang trin khai

L cc thng tin quan trng m mng ang lu gi, hay cn lu chuyn .

L cc ti nguyn phn cng v phn mm m h thng mng c cung

ng cho nhng ngi dng m n cho php.

Nhn t mt kha cnh khc th vn an ninh an ton khi thc hin kt ni

LAN cn c th hin qua tnh bo mt (confidentiality ), tnh ton vn (integrity)

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v tnh sn dng (availability) ca cc ta nguyn v phn cng, phn mm, d liu

v cc dch v ca h thng mng.

Vn an ninh - an ton cn th hin qua mi quan h gia ngi dng vi hthng mng v ti nguyn trn mng. Cc quan h ny c xc nh , c m

bo qua cc phng thc xc thc (authentication ), xc nh c php

(authorization ) dng v b t chi (repudiation ). Chng ta s xt chi tit:

Tnh bo mt:Bo m ti nguyn mng khng b tip xc, b s dng bi

ngi khng c thm quyn. Chng hn d liu truyn i trn mng c m

bo khng b ly trm cn c m ho trc khi truyn. Cc ti nguyn u

c ch v c bo v bng cc cng c v cc c ch an ninh an ton.

Tnh ton vn:m bo khng c vic s dng, v sa i nu khng c

cho php, v d nh ly hay sa i d liu, cng nh thay i cu hnh h thng

bi nhng ngi khng c php hoc khng c quyn.

Tnh sn dng:Ti nguyn trn mng lun c m bo khng th b chim

gi bi ngi khng c quyn. Cc ti nguyn lun sn sng phc v nhng

ngi c php s dng. Nhng ngi c quyn c th c dng bt c khino. Thuc tnh ny rt quan trng, nht l trong cc dch v mng phc v cng

cng (ngn hng, t vn, chnh ph in t,).

Vic xc thc: Thc hin xc nh ngi dng c quyn dng mt ti

nguyn no ng thng tin hay ti nguyn phn mm v phn cng trn mng.

Vic xc thc thng kt hp vi s cho php, hay t chi phc v. Xc thc

thngc dng l mt khu (password), hay cn cc ca ngi dng nh

vn tay hay cc du hiu c dng. S cho php xc nh ngi dng c quyn

thc hin mt hnh ng no nh c ghi mt tp (ly thng tin ), hay chy

chng trnh (dng ti nguyn phn mm), truy nhp vo mt on mng (dng

ti nguyn phn cng), gi hay nhn th in t, tra cu c s d liu, dch v

mng Ngi dng thng phi qua giai on xc thc bng mt khu

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(password, RADIUS ) trc khi c php khai thc thng tin hay mt ti

nguyn no trn mng.

Xy dng an ninh an ton mng khi kt ni LAN nh th no?

Cc bc xy dng:

Xc nh cn bo v ci g?

Xc nh bo v khi nhng loi tn cng no ?

Xc nh nhng mi e do an ninh c th ?

Xc nh cc cng c mbo an ninh ?

Xy dng m hnh an ninh an ton.

Thng kim tra cc bc trn, nng cp, cp nht v h thng khi c mt l

hng an ninh - an ton c cnh bo.

Mc ch ca vic xy dng m hnh an ninh an ton khi kt ni LAN l xy

dng cc phngn trin khai vn an ninh an ton khi kt ni v a LAN

vo hot ng.

u tin mc ch v yu cu v vn an ninh an ton h thng ng dng

phi c vch ra r rng.Chng hn mc tiu v yu cu an ninh an ton khi kt ni LAN cho cc c

quan hnh chnh nh nc s khc vi vic kt ni LAN cho cc trng i hc.

Th hai, m hnh an ninh an ton phi ph hp vi cc chnh sch, nguyn tc

v lut l hin hnh.

Th ba, phi gii quyt c vn lin quan n an ninh an ton mt cch ton

ca. C ngha l phi m bo c v phng tin k thut v con ngi trin khai.

Mt s cng c trin khai m hnh an ninh an ton

H thng tng la 3 phn (three-part firewall System)

- H thng tng la l g?

Tng la l mt cng c phc v cho vic thc hin an ninh an ton mng

t vong ngoi, nhim v ca n nh l h thng hn ro vong ngoi ca c s cn

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bo v. Khi kt ni hai hay nhiu phn t ca LAN nguy c mt an ninh ti cc

im kt ni l rt ln, tng la l cng c c chn t ti cc im kt ni .

- Chc nng ca h thng tng la:Tng la dt cng vo/ ra ca mng, kim sot vic truy cp vo ra ca

mng ngn nga vi tn cng t pha ngoi vo mng ni b.

Tng la phi kim tra, pht hin, d tm du vt tt c cc d liu i qua

n lm c s cho cc quyt nh (cho php, loi b, xc thc, m ho, ghi nht

k) kim sot cc dch v ca mng n bo v.

Tng la cng phi c kh nng thao tc cc d liu bng cc php ton

logic, s hc nhm thc hin cc yu cu v an ninh an ton. Tng la bao gm

cc thnh phn: cc b lc hay sng lc.

Tng la chnh l cng (gateway) vo/ ra ca mt mng ni b (mng

trong), trn c t hai b lc vo/ra kim tra d liu vo/ra mng ni b.

Xc nh v tr t tng la trong h thng mng hin i.

Theo truyn thng th tng la c t ti v tr vo/ra mng ni b (mng

c bo v) vi mng cng cng (mng ngoi), hay mng internet (khi kt ni

vi internet).

Ngy nay trong mt t chc khi kt ni LAN c th ni mng khc nhau, v

do yu cu an ninh an ton ca on mng khc nhau. Khi tng la s

c t v tr vo/ ra ca on mng cn bo v.

Mng trongMng ngoi

B lc

vo

B lc

ra

GatewayCng vo/ ra

M hnh tng la

M hnh logic ca tng la

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D liu vo/ra mng ni b vi mng ngoi u i qua tng la, do

tng la, do tng la c th kim sot v m bo d liu no l c th

c chp nhn (acceptable) cho php vo/ra mng ni b.V mt logic th tng la l im tht (choke point). C ch ny bt buc

nhng k tn cng t pha ngoi

H thng tng la chia thnh ba phn (Three- Part Fire Wall System) c

bit quan trng tring thit k WAN. y chng ti ch nu mt s kha cnh chung

nht cu trc ca m hnh trong thit k mng LAN.

- LAN c lp lm vng m gia mng cng tc vi mng bn ngoi (LAN

c lp c gi l khu phi qun s hay vng DMZ).

- Thit b nh tuyn trong c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng

cng tc.

- Thit b nh tuyn ngoi c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng

ngoi.

Internet

HiddenCor orate

Inside Outside

Bastion

Hosts

Advertise

Route to

Hnh 3-12 : M hnh tng la 3 phn

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2.2 Kho st hin trng

Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm xc nh mong mun ca khch hng trn

mng m chng ta sp xy dng. Nhng cu hi cn c tr li trong giai on

ny l:

-Bn thit lp mng lm g? s dng n cho mc ch g?

-Cc my tnh no s c ni mng?

-Nhng ngi no s c s dng mng, mc khai thc s dng mng ca

tng ngi / nhm ngi ra sao?

-Trong vng 3-5 nm ti bn c ni thm my tnh vo mng khng, nu c

u, s lng bao nhiu ?

Phng php thc hin ca giai on ny l bn phi phng vn khch hng,

nhn vin cc phng mng c my tnh s ni mng. Thng thng cc i tng

m bn phng vn khng c chuyn mn su hoc khng c chuyn mn v mng.

Cho nn bn nn trnh s dng nhng thut ng chuyn mn trao i vi h.

Chng hn nn hi khch hng Bn cmun ngi trong c quan bn gi mail

c cho nhau khng?, hn l hi Bn c mun ci t Mail server cho mngkhng? . Nhng cu tr li ca khch hng thng khng c cu trc, rt ln xn,

n xut pht t gc nhn ca ngi s dng, khng phi l gc nhn ca k s

mng. Ngi thc hin phng vn phi c k nng v kinh nghim trong lnh vc

ny. Phi bit cch t cu hi v tng hp thng tin.

Mt cng vic cng ht sc quan trng trong giai on ny l Quan st thc

a xc nh nhng ni mng s i qua, khong cch xa nht gia hai my t nh

trong mng, d kin ng i ca dy mng, quan st hin trng cng trnh kin

trc ni mng s i qua. Thc a ng vai tr quan trng trong vic chn cng

ngh v nh hng ln n chi ph mng. Ch n rng buc v mt thm m cho

cc cng trnh kin trc khi chng ta trin khai ng dy mng bn trong n. Gii

php ni kt mng cho 2 ta nh tch ri nhau bng mt khong khng phi c

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bit lu . Sau khi kho st thc a, cn v li thc a hoc yu cu khch hng

cung cp cho chng ta s thit k ca cng trnh kin trc m mng i qua.

Trong qu trnh phng vn v kho st thc a, ng thi ta cng cn tm hiu

yu cu trao i thng tin gia cc phng ban, b phn trong c quan khch hng,

mc thng xuyn v lng thng tin trao i. iu ny gip ch ta trong vic

chn bng thng cn thit cho cc nhnh mng sau ny.

2.3 Phn tch

Khi c c yu cu ca khch hng, bc k tip l ta i phn tch yu cu

xy dng bng c t yu cu h thng mng, trong xc nh r nhng vn

sau:

-Nhng dch v mng no cn phi c trn mng ? (Dch v chia s tp tin, chia

s my in, Dch v web, Dch v th in t, Truy cp Internet hay khng?, ...)

-M hnh mng l g? (Workgoup hay Client / Server? ...)

-Mc yu cu an ton mng.

-Rng buc v bng thng ti thiu trn mng.

2.4 Thit kBc k tip trong tin trnh xy dng mng l thit k gii php tha mn

nhng yu cu t ra trong bng c t yu cu h thng mng. Vic chn la gii

php cho mt h thng mng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, c th lit k nh sau:

-Kinh ph dnh cho h thng mng.

-Cng ngh ph bin trn th trng.

-Thi quen v cng ngh ca khch hng.

-Yu cu v tnh n nh v bng thng ca h thng mng.

-Rng buc v php l.

Ty thuc vo mi khch hng c th m th t u tin, s chi phi ca cc yu

t s khc nhau dn n gii php thit k s khc nhau. Tuy nhin cc cng vic

m giai on thit k phi lm th ging nhau.

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2.4.1 Thit ks mng logic

Thit k s mng logic lin quan n vic chn la m hnh mng, giao thc

mng v thit t cc cu hnh cho cc thnh phn nhn dng mng.M hnh mng c chn phi h tr c tt c cc dch v c m t

trong bng c t yu cu h thng mng. M hnh mng c th chn l Workgroup

hay Domain (Client / Server) i km vi giao thc TCP/IP, NETBEUI hay

IPX/SPX.

V d:

-Mt h thng mng ch cn c dch v chia s my in v th mc gia nhng

ngi dng trong mng cc b v khng t nng vn an ton mng th ta c th

chn M hnh Workgroup.

-Mt h thng mng ch cn c dch v chia s my in v th mc gia nhng

ngi dng trong mng cc b nhng c yu cu qun l ngi dng trn mng th

phi chn M hnh Domain.

-Nu hai mng trn cn c dch v mail hoc kch thc mng c m rng, s

lng my tnh trong mng ln th cn lu thm v giao thc s dng cho mngphi l TCP/IP.

Mi m hnh mng c yu cu thit t cu hnh ring. Nhng vn chung

nht khi thit t cu hnh cho m hnh mng l:

-nh v cc thnh phn nhn dng mng, bao gm vic t tn cho Domain,

Workgroup, my tnh, nh a ch IP cho cc my, nh cng cho tng dch v.

-Phn chia mng con, thc hin vch ng i cho thng tin trn mng.

2.4.2 Xy dng chin lc khai thc v qun l ti nguyn mng

Chin lc ny nhm xc nh ai c quyn lm g trn h thng mng. Thng

thng, ngi dng trong mng c nhm li thnh tng nhm v vic phn

quyn c thc hin trn cc nhm ngi dng.

2.4.3 Thit ks mng vt l

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Cn c vo s thit k mng logic, kt hp vi kt qu kho st thc a bc

k tip ta tin hnh thit k mng mc vt l. S mng mc vt l m t chi

tit v v tr i dy mng thc a, v tr ca cc thit b ni kt mng nh Hub,

Switch, Router, v tr cc my ch v cc my trm. T a ra c mt bng d

tr cc thit b mng cn mua. Trong mi thit b cn nu r: Tn thit b, thng

s k thut, n v tnh, n gi,

2.4.4 Chn hiu hnh mng v cc phn mm ng dng

Mt m hnh mng c th c ci t di nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau.

Chng hn vi m hnh Domain thng ci t h iu hnh Windows Server2003

hoc 2008 trn my ch. Tng t, cc giao thc thng dng nh TCP/IP,

NETBEUI, IPX/SPX cng c h trtrong hu ht cc h iu hnh. Chnh v th

ta c mt phm vi chn la rt ln. Quyt nh chn la h iu hnh mng thng

thng da vo cc yu t nh:

-Gi thnh phn mm ca gii php.

-S quen thuc ca khch hng i vi phn mm.

- S quen thuc ca ngi xy dng mng i vi phn mm.H iu hnh l nn tng cho cc phn mm sau vn hnh trn n. Gi thnh

phn mm ca gii php khng phi ch c gi thnh ca h iu hnh c chn

m n cn bao gm c gi thnh ca cc phm mm ng dng chy trn n. Hin

nay c 2 xu hng chn la h iu hnh mng: cc h iu hnh mng ca

Microsoft Windows hoc cc phin bn ca Linux.

Sau khi chn h iu hnh mng, bc k tip l tin hnh chn cc phn mm

ng dng cho tng dch v. Cc phn mm ny phi tng thch vi h iu hnh

chn.

2.5 Ci t

Khi bn thit k c thm nh, bc k tip l tin hnh lp t phn cng

v ci t phn mm mng theo thit k.

2.5.1 Lp t phn cng

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Ci t phn cng lin quan n vic i dy mng v lp t cc thit b ni kt

mng (Hub, Switch, Router) vo ng v tr nh trong thit k mng mc vt l

m t.

2.5 Tin trnh ci t phn mm bao gm:

-Ci t h iu hnh mng cho cc server, cc my trm

-Ci t v cu hnh cc dch v mng.

-To ngi dng, phn quyn s dng mng cho ngi dng.

Tin trnh ci t v cu hnh phn mm phi tun th theo s thit k mng

mc lun l m t. Vic phn quyn cho ngi dng pheo theo ng chin lc

khai thc v qun l ti nguyn mng.

Nu trong mng c s dng router hay phn nhnh mng con th cn thit phi

thc hin bc xy dng bng chn ng trn cc router v trn cc my tnh.

2.6 Kim th

Sau khi ci t xong phn cng v cc my tnh c ni vo mng.

Bc k tip l kim tra s vn hnh ca mng.

Trc tin, kim tra s ni kt gia cc my tnh vi nhau. Sau , kim tra hotng ca cc dch v, kh nng truy cp ca ngi dng vo cc dch v v mc

an ton ca h thng.

Ni dung kim th da vo bng c t yu cu mng c xc nh lc u.

2.7 Bo tr

Mng sau khi ci t xong cn c bo tr mt khong thi gian nht nh

khc phc nhng vn pht sinh xy trong tin trnh thit k v ci t mng.

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Chng 3:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY ITCON

3.1 Bi ton t ra

Xy dng mngcc b LAN cho cng ty tin hc v cng ngh ITCon

Chc nng ca cng ty

Chuyn mua v bn cc loi thit b,ph kin dnh cho tin hc ,thit k mng cho

cc doanh nghip,nhn sa cha v bo hnh chnh hng thit b.

T chc b my

Cng ty ITConbao gm Ban gim c, 6 phng ban chuyn mn.

* Ban gim c gm:

-1 Gim c 01 pc, 01 USB printer .

- 1 ph gim c 01 pc.

* Phng K hoch 04 pc, 01 network printer

* Phng K Thut 10 pc, 01 network printer

* Phng Bo hnh 05 pc, 01 network printer.* Phng K ton ti v 05 pc, 01 network printer

* Phng Kinh doanh 10 pc, 01 my in a chc nng: fax, printer, scan, wireless

iu kin a l

Ton b cc phng ban lm vic ca cng ty c xy dng thnh mt khu nh 3

tng

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3.2 M hnh lgic

DHCP Server

File Server

Switch L3 24 Port

Modem ADSL

ISA PC

Phng Kinh doanh

Phng Server

Internet01 Switch L2 24 Port

10 PC

01 My in a chc nng

01 Wireless

Phng K ton

05 PC

01 My in mng

Phng K Thut

01 Switch 16 port

10 PC

01 My in mng

Phng Bo Hnh

01 Switch 08 port

5 PC

01 My in mng

Phng K hoch

01 Switch 16 port

04 PC

01 My in mng

01 PC

01 My in USB

Phng Gim c

02 Server

01 PC Firewall

01 Modem ADSL

01 Switch L3 24 port

Phng Ph G

01 PC

M hnh Logic

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3.3 M hnh vt l

Tng 2

Tng 1

Tng 3

Phng Gim c Phng Ph G Phng k hoch

Phng Kinh doanh Phng K ton

Phng ServerPhng k thutPhng Bo hnh

Internet

M hnh vt l

3.4 Ci t phn mm

3.4.1 Ci t v cu hnh Server- Windows Server Enterprise R2 2008

- Cu hnh Domain Controller : ITCON, DHCP, Active Directory

- ISA 2006

3.4.1 Ci t v cu hnh my trm(Workstation)

- Windows XP Professional

- Join Domain: ITCON

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Chng 4:

KT QU V BN LUN

KT LUNV KIN NGH

Trong thi gian nghin cu v vn dng nhng kin thc c trang b

nh trng v cc lnh vc khc. Chng ti xy dng h thng mng ni b cho

mt to nh 3 tng c khong 50 nodemng, c thit k theo TOPO hnh sao hai

mc. H thng my ch t ti trung tm mng v cung cp cc cng c cho vic

qun tr h thng. H thng cp truyn dn m bo kt ni tc cao, hn ch

mc thp nht nhng s c xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh ngoi ra p ng c

kh nng m rng trong tng lai.

Trong n ny, chng ti a ra mt s khi nin c bn nhm hon

thin hn cckhi nim v h thng mng thng dng nht hin nay. Chng ti hy

vng rng nhng khi nim ny c th p dng cho cc lnh vc cng ngh thngtin ni chung v cc ngnh lin quan n mng my tnh ni ring.

Trong qu trnh thc hin n, chng ti nhn c s gip tn tnh

ca thy gio Nguyn Tr Nhngip chng ti hon thnh tt n ny.V thi

gian lm n hn hp, kinh nghim thc t cha nhiu nn n khng trnh khi

nhng sai st, rt mong s gp ca cc thy c gio v cc bn.

CHNG TI XIN CHN THNH CM N.

Ngi thc hin n.

Dip Cng V

L Quc Cng

V Thnh t

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DANH MC CNG VIC

Dip Cng V : Tm hiu v quy trnh kho st thit k mng LAN

L Quc Cng: Ci t v cu hnh cho Server v my trm

V Thnh t: Tm hiu Tng quan v mng, lp t phn cng

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Internetworking Design Basics, Copyright Cisco Press 2003.[2]. Internetwork Design Guide, Copyright Cisco Press 2003.

[3]. ISP Network Design. IBM.

[4]. LAN Design Manual. BICSI.

[5]. Mng cn bn -NXB thng k.

[6]. Mng my tnh v cc h thng m-Nguyn Thc Hi

[7]. Mng my tnh. Nguyn Gia Hiu.

[8]. Gio trnh : Thit k v xy dng mng LAN v WAN

(Chng trnh tng th ci cch hnh chnh ca CP giai

on2001-2010).

[9]. TCP/IP Network Administration. Craig Hunt, OReilly

& Associates .

[10]. Trang web: www. Quantrimang.com.

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PH LC

Ph lc1: Hng dn bm dy mng u RJ45

1.1. Phng php bm dy mng RJ- 45.Cp mng RJ 45 c tm dy, chia lm bn cp, mi cp hai dy xon li

vi nhau ( nhm chng nhiu ).

Cp ni PC qua PC hoc Hub qua Hub

Cp ni PC qua Hub

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1.2 Chun b cng c v vt liu bm dy mng

Cp- cn chc chn l cp CAT 5, tt nht l ta nn chn cp Straight-

Through cha c u ni, khi ta ch cn thay i th t ca u ni bn kia. Connectos (u u ni)- Cc cp u cho c u ni tun theo chun CAT

5 RJ- 45 (Registered Jack), RJ-45 tng t nh u cui dy in thoi (tuy nhin,

dy in thoi ch c 4 dy nh). Ta cng cn kim tra cc u cui m ta mun u

ni c theo chun CAT5 khng. Do cng c cc loi Jack khc s dng cho cc loi

cp khc (v d cp ng trc).

Crimper- Dng c bm

Stripper- Dng c tut dy, tt nhin ta c th s dng dao thay th.

Tt nhin khi s dng cn cn thn u dy c tut p v khng b hng khi

cho vo gic cm.

Cutters-Ta cn c mt cp km cho php ta ct cmt s cp theo mt

ng thng. y l nhim c quan trng do chng ta cn m bo cc dy trong

si cp c chiu di bng nhau.

1.3 Thc hin bm u RJ-45:

Nh vy chng ta chun b c cc cng vic cn thit trc khi lm dy

cp u cho. u tin, ta ct mt giai on dy cp thch hp vi cch m chng ta

cn, tt nhin khng th di qu.

Bc 1: Co v ca dy cp mt on khong 5cm mi u cui cp, cn

ch y khi khng ct vo si cp nh bn trong, nu c ta cn thc hin li bc ny.

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Bc 2: Tri dy cp, cn cm thn sao cho cc dy khng b tch ri nhau ra

Bc 3: Mi vic tr nn kh d dng, ta cn quyt nh cc u cp no cn

c to.

Nu ta lm t u th cn c hai u gic. Nu ta s dng cp c to sn

(Straight Through) th ch cn mt u gic. Hnh di y ch cho ta bit th t cc

dy trong cp vi tng u cp.

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Ta tch tng si i trong cp, ch khng tch n phn nha, sp xp

chng theo th t tng u cp theo hnh v, dng km ct dy, yu cu phn dy

lad 1,2 cm v vt ct cn thng.

Bc 4: y cc u dy vo gic theo ng th t, nh hnh v

Bc 5: Dng km bm c nh gic.

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Kim tra xem cp c to thnh cng cha,trn hnh v di y cho ta

hai trng hp cp tt v cp cha t yu cu (rt d b hng phn tip xc).

Ph lc 2:Hng dn ci t dch v trn Server

2.1 Ci t Domain Controller:

Ta t a chIP tnh cho Server01 :

Nhp Start Run g: dcpromo tin hnh nng cp Server thnh Domain Controller

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Go password administrator

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Nhap next va doi hoan tat

Nhp Finish hon tt v khi ng li server

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2.2 Ci t DHCP

Add Rolest ca s Initial Configuration Tasks hoc tServerManager

> Roles > Add Roles.

Hnh 1: B sung thm Role mi trong WindowsServer2008

Khi Add Roles Wizardxut hin, bn hy kch Nexttrn mn hnh .

Tip n, chn thnh phn mun b sung, DHCPServerRole, sau kch Next.

Hnh 2: Chn DHCPServerRole
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Nu khng c a ch IP tnh c gn trn my ch th bn s gp mt cnh bo,

cnh bo ny thng bo cho bn bit rng bn khng nn ci t DHCP vi mt a

ch IP ng.

Hnh 3: Ging buc kt ni mng

Tip n, nhp vo ParentDomain, Primary DNS Server, v Alternate DNS Server

(xem hnh bn di) v kch Next.

Hnh 4: Nhp vo cc thng tin min v DNS
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=4&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=4&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=4&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Hnh 5: B sung thm DHCP Scope mi

Quay tr li mn hnh Add Scope, chng ta kch Next b sung thm mt phm vi

mi (khi DHCPServerc ci t).

Hnh 6: Xc nhn cc phn chn cit
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Hnh 7: Ci t WindowsServer2008 DHCPServerthnh cng

Kch Close ng ca s ci t, sau chng ta hy chuyn sang cch qun l

DHCPServer.

Hnh 8: Trnh qun l DHCPServertrongServerManager
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Do khng th qun l cc phm vi DHCPServerv cc my khch ti y nn

nhng g chng ta c th thc hin l qun l nhng s kin, dch v v ti ngu yn

g c lin quan n ci t DHCPServer. Chnh v vy, y l ni tt kim tratrng thi ca DHCPServerv nhng s kin g xy ra xung quanh n.

Mc d vy, cu hnh DHCPServerv xem xem nhng my khch no thu

c cc a ch IP, chng ta cn vo DHCPServerMMC. Thc hin iu , bn

cn vo Start > Administrative Tools > DHCPServer, ging nh di y:

Hnh 9: Khi chy DHCPServerMMC
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Khi khi chy, MMC s cung cp rt nhiu tnh nng. y l nhng g khi MMC

xut hin:

Hnh 10: WindowsServer2008 DHCPServerMMC

DHCPServerMMC cung cp cc thng tin IPv4 & IPv6 DHCPServergm tt c

scope, pool, lease, reservation, scope options vserveroption.

Nu vo address pool v scope options, chng c th thy cu hnh mnh to khi

ci t DHCPServer. Di a ch IP nm y v DNSServer& gateway mc nh

cng vy.
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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Hnh 11: Address Pool ca DHCPServer

Hnh 12: Scope Options ca DHCPServer
http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54http://www.diendantinhoc.vn/autolink.php?id=6&script=showthread&forumid=54

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2.3 Ci t Active Directory

Ci t Active Directory Domain Services (AD-DS):M ServerManager > Roles > Add Roles:

NhnNextti ca s tip theo:

Trong ca s Select Server Roles,chnActive Directory Domain Servicesv nhnNext:

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Ca sActive Directory Domain Serviceshin th, cc bn c th tham kho thm thngtin c h thng cung cp ti y v nhnNext:

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Tip tc nhnInstall ti ca s Confirm Installation Selections:

V ch i cho ton b qu trnh ny hon tt:

Nhn Close:

Sau quay tr li Server Manager, nhn vo ng dn Active Directory DomainServices, nhng khng th s dng c v DCPROMO cha c kch hot:

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Chn ng dn DCPROMO v tip tc lm theo hng dn ti :

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Ph lc 3: Hng dn cu hnh kt ni trn my trm

3.1 Hng dn join Domain cho my trm

Kch chut phi vo My ComputerPropertiesComputer NameChangeTrong Group Member of:

Domain: g vo ITCON

Nhp OK,

G vo username vpasswordca server

xc nhn kt ni vo Domain

Sau khi ng li my tnh hon tt

join Domain

3.2 Ci t my in qua mng:

Trc tin ta phi t cho my in a ch IP tnh m trn server ta dnh 1 vng

a chIP t cho my in.

V dta ci my in c a ch IP l: 192.168.1.11

StartSettingsPrinters and FaxesAdd printerNext

Chn mc Local printer sttached..

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B chn Automatically detect and

Nhp Next tip tc

Chn Create a new port v chn Standard TCP/IP port

Nhp NextNext. G vo a chmy in nh hnh bn di

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Nhp NextNextFinish v chn my in ci t nu khng c trong list ta

chn Have disk chn ni cha driver v ci t

Tip tc chn Next. V Finish

3.3 Gii thiu phn mm ISA

Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Sever (ISA Server) l phn

mm share internet cahng phn mm Microsoft, l bn nng cp t phn mm

MS ISA 2000Server. C thni y l mtphn mm share internet kh hiu qu,

n nh, d cu hnh,cthit lp tng la (firewall) tt, nhiutnh nng cho php bn

cu hnh sao cho tng thchcvi mng LAN ca bn. Tc nhanh nhch

cache thng minh, vi tnh nng lu Cache trn a gip bn truy xut thng tin

nhanh hn, v tnhnng Schedule Cache (Lp lch cho tng download thng tin

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trn cc WebServer lu vo Cachev my con ch cn ly thng tin trn cc

Webserver bng mng LAN)

c im Ca ISA 2006. Cung cp tnh nng Multi-networking: K thut thit lp cc chnh sch

truy cp datrn a chmng, thit lp firewall lc thng tin da trn tng

a ch mng con,

Unique per-network policies: c im Multi-networking c cung

cp trongISA Server chophp bo v h thng mng ni b bng cch gii hn

truy xut ca cc Client bn ngoiinternet, bng cch to ra mt vng mng

ngoi vi perimeter network (c xem l vng DMZ,demilitarized zone,

hoc screenedsubnet), ch cho php Client bn ngoi truy xut vo cc Server

trn mng ngoi vi, khng cho php Client bn ngoi truy xut trc tip vo

mng ni b.

Stateful inspection of all traffic: Cho php gim st tt ccc lu lng

mng.

NAT and route network relationships: Cung cp k thut NAT vnh tuyn d liu cho mng con.

Network templates: Cung cp cc m hnh mu (network templates) v

mt s kin trc mng, km theo mt s lut cn thit cho network templates

tng ng.

Cung cp mt s c im mi thit lp mng ring o (VPN

network) v truy cp t xa chodoanh nghip nh gim st, ghi nhn log, qun

l session cho tng VPNServer, thit lp access policy cho tng VPN Client,

cung cp tnh nng tng thch vi VPN trn cc h thng khc.

Cung cp mt s k thut bo mt (security) v thit lp Firewall cho h

thng nhAuthentication, Publish Server, gii hn mt straffic

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Cung cp mt s k thut cache thng minh (Web cache) lm tng

tc truy xut mng,gim ti cho ng truyn, Web proxy chia s truy

xut Web Cung cp mt s tnh nng qun l hiu qunh: gim st lu lng,

reporting quaWeb, exportv import cu hnh t XML configuration file,

qun l li h thng thng qua k thut gi thngbo qua E-mail,..

Application Layer Filtering (ALF): l mt trong nhng im mnh ca

ISA Server 2006, khngging nh packet filtering firewall truyn thng, ISA

2006 c th thao tc su hn nh c th lcc cc thng tin trong tng ng

dng. Mt scim ni bc ca ALF:

Cho php thit lp b lc HTTP inbound v outbound HTTP.

Chn c cc c cc loi tp tin thc thi chy trn nn Windows nh

.pif, .com,

C th gii hn HTTP download.

C th gii hn truy xut Web cho tt c cc Client da trn ni dung

truy cp. C thiu kin truy xut HTTP da trn ch k (signature).

iu khin mt sphng thc truy xut ca HTTP.

đồ án network

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