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Aryan MoritaBiomedika Kedokteran Gigi

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Small cells

Visible only w/ the aid of microscope

Prokaryotes organism First name (genus), last name(species)

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comparative structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

prokaryotic:

nucleoid

no organelles

eukaryotic:

nucleus

organelles

(Madigan et al., Fig 2.1)

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Cocci Bacilli

Spirilla


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CAPSULE

Usually composed of polysaccharide

(B.anthracisproduces polypeptide capsule)

Can be visualized by light microscopy using

negative staining techniques

Main function : protection of bacterium fromadverse environmental conditions

Often associated with virulences

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CELL WALL

Non selectively permeable

Function : protect from mechanical damageand osmotic lysis, cell shape

Difference in structure and chemical

composition of the cell walls account for

variation in bacteria pathogenicity and also

influence other characteristics

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CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

Function : passive diffusion, active transport

of nutrient, electron transport for respiration

Composed of phospolipid and protein

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CYTOPLASM

Aqueous fluid containing nuclear material,

ribosomes, nutrient & enzymes, and other

molecules

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RIBOSOMES

Composed of ribonucleoproteins

Consist of 2 subunitsThe Svedberg (S) unit is measure of

sedimentation ratedependent on both the

size and shape of particles.

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NUCLEAR MATERIAL

Composed of a single haploid cicular

chromosome containing dsDNA

Can be seen by electron microscope and also

light microscope using Feulgen staining

method

No nuclear membrane

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PLASMID

Small circular pieces of DNA which areseparate from the genome, capable of

autonomous replicationCopies of plasmid can be transferred from cell

to cell during binary fission or through

conjugationMay code for characteristics such as antibiotic

resistance and exotoxin production.

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FLAGELLA

Bacteria which possess flagella are motile

Many species of gram negative bacteria haveflagella

Composed of a protein called flagellin

Consist of filament, hook, and basal body

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Type of Bacterial Flagella

monotrichous

lophotrichous

amphitrichous

peritrichous

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PILI

Fine, straight, hair-like appandages

Composed of the protein pilin

Have 2 major functions (sex pili andattachment properties)

In pathogenic bacteria, pili function as adhesin

for receptors on mamalian cells.

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ENDOSPORES

Dormant highly resistant bodies

Formed by some bacteria to ensure survivalduring adverse environmental conditions.

The resistance of endospores is attributed totheir layered structured, dehydrated state,negligible metabolic activity, and high content

of dipicolinic acid Can be destroyed only by moist heat at 121oC

for 15 minutes

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Bacterial endospore


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ENDOSPORES STRUCTURE

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SPOROGENESIS

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Microbial Biochemicals

Macromolecule Basic Composition Examples

Protein Amino acids (tryptophan,

leucine)

Enzymes, cell walls,

cytoplasmic membranes,

flagella

Polysaccharide Monosaccharides (glucose,

fructose)

Capsules, storage granules

Lipid Fatty acids, glycerol Cytoplasmic membranes

Nucleic acid Adenine, guanine,

cytosine, thymine, ribose

RNA, DNA

Glycoprotein Polysaccharide, protein Fimbriae

lipoprotein Lipid, protein Cell wall

lipopolysaccharide Lipid, polysaccharide Endotoxin

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BACTERIAL REPLICATION

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PHASE OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

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Growth Requirements

temperature acidity nutrient

Oxygen

metabolism water


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Metabolic Activities


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SELESAI !!!!

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NEXT WEEK:BACTERIA INFECTION

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