bacteria hunters
DESCRIPTION
Bacteria Hunters. Bacterial Concentrations Above and Below the Planetary Boundary Layer. Part 1 Vehicle. Major Milestones Schedule. March 21 st Second full scale launch March 22 nd Payload completion and testing March 28 th All-Systems-Ready for SLI launch April 2 nd FRR presentation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bacteria HuntersBacteria HuntersBacterial Concentrations Above Bacterial Concentrations Above
and Below the Planetary and Below the Planetary Boundary LayerBoundary Layer
Part 1Part 1VehicleVehicle
Major Milestones Major Milestones ScheduleSchedule
March 21st Second full scale launch March 22nd Payload completion and
testing March 28th All-Systems-Ready for SLI
launch April 2nd FRR presentation April 19th SLI launch May 10th Payload analysis complete May 22nd PLAR due
Flight Flight SequenceSequence
1. Rocket launches2. Rocket reaches apogee3. Drogue parachute deploys4. Main parachute deploys5. Above boundary layer sample (S1)6. Below boundary layer sample (S2)7. Near ground sample (S3)8. Rocket lands
TRACKING & RECOVERY: because of possible long drift, on-board sonic and radio beacons will be used to help us with tracking and recovery.
Success CriteriaSuccess Criteria
Stable flight of the vehicleStable flight of the vehicle
Target altitude of 5,280ft reachedTarget altitude of 5,280ft reached
Payload delivered undamaged Payload delivered undamaged
Proper deployment of all parachutesProper deployment of all parachutes
Safe recovery of the vehicle and the Safe recovery of the vehicle and the
payload without damagepayload without damage
Full Scale RocketFull Scale Rocket
CP 98.329” (from nosetip)CG 81.908” (from nosetip)Static Margin 4.11 calibers
Length 124.25”Diameter 4.0”Liftoff weight 22.5 PoundsMotor Aerotech K700W RMS
CG CP
Construction MaterialsConstruction Materials
Fins:Fins: 1/8” balsa between 1/32” G10 fiberglass 1/8” balsa between 1/32” G10 fiberglass Body:Body: fiberglass tubing, fiberglass couplers fiberglass tubing, fiberglass couplers Bulkheads:Bulkheads: 1/2” plywood 1/2” plywood Motor Mount:Motor Mount: 54mm phenolic tubing, 1/2” 54mm phenolic tubing, 1/2”
plywood centering ringsplywood centering rings Nosecone:Nosecone: commercially made plastic nosecone commercially made plastic nosecone Rail Buttons:Rail Buttons: standard size nylon buttons standard size nylon buttons Motor Retention System:Motor Retention System: Aeropack screw-on Aeropack screw-on
motor retainermotor retainer Anchors:Anchors: 1/4” stainless steel U-Bolts 1/4” stainless steel U-Bolts Epoxy:Epoxy: West System with appropriate fillers West System with appropriate fillers
Motor RetentionMotor Retention
Aeropack Tailcone Motor Retainer
Thrust Profile for K700WThrust Profile for K700W
Acceleration Profile for Acceleration Profile for K700WK700W
Altitude Profile for Altitude Profile for K700WK700W
Projected DriftProjected Drift
mph 5280 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900
0 0.0 ft 0.0 ft 0.0 ft 0.0 ft 0.0 ft 0.0 ft 0.0 ft
5 3,097 ft 2,960 ft 2,470 ft
1,918 ft
1,491 ft
1,001 ft
952 ft
10 6,195 ft 5,921 ft 4,941 ft
3,962 ft
2,983 ft
2,003 ft
1,905 ft
15 9,292 ft 8,881 ft 7,412 ft
5,943 ft
4,474 ft
3,005 ft
2,858 ft
20 12,390 ft
11,842 ft
9,883 ft
7,924 ft
5,966 ft
4,007 ft
3,811 ft
Main deployment Altitude
Win
d s
pe
ed
Flight Safety ParametersFlight Safety Parameters
Stability static margin:Stability static margin: 4.114.11
Thrust to weight ratio:Thrust to weight ratio: 6.85 6.85
Velocity at launch guideVelocity at launch guide
departure:departure: 84.684.6fpsfps
Ejection Charge Ejection Charge CalculationsCalculations
W = dP * V/(R * T)W = dP * V/(R * T)
Where: Where:
dPdP = ejection charge pressure, 15 [ = ejection charge pressure, 15 [ psi psi ]]
RR = combustion gas constant, 22.16 [ = combustion gas constant, 22.16 [ft-lb ft-lb ooRR-1-1 lb-mol lb-mol-1-1 ]]
TT = combustion gas temperature, 3307 [ = combustion gas temperature, 3307 [ ooR R ]]
VV = free volume [ = free volume [ in in 3 3 ]]
WW = ejection charge weight [ = ejection charge weight [ lbs lbs ]]
Calculated Ejection Calculated Ejection ChargesCharges
ParachuteParachute Ejection chargeEjection charge
(FFFF black powder)(FFFF black powder)
Main ParachuteMain Parachute 60 grains60 grains
(3.89 grams)(3.89 grams)
Drogue ParachuteDrogue Parachute 35 grains35 grains
(2.27 grams)(2.27 grams)
Ejection charges were verified in static testing and during the test flight. All parachutes deployed.
ParachutesParachutes
ParachuteParachuteDiameterDiameter
[in][in]
Descent Descent weightweight
[lbs][lbs]
DescentDescent
RateRate
[fps][fps]
DrogueDrogue 16”16” 20.1520.15 75.675.6
MainMain 84”84” 20.1520.15 12.512.5
Verification Matrix: Verification Matrix: ComponentsComponents
Tested components:Tested components:
C1:C1: Body (including construction techniques) Body (including construction techniques) C2:C2: Altimeter Altimeter C3:C3: Data Acquisition System (custom computer board and Data Acquisition System (custom computer board and
sensors)sensors) C4:C4: Parachutes Parachutes C5:C5: Fins Fins C6:C6: Payload Payload C7:C7: Ejection charges Ejection charges C8:C8: Launch system Launch system C9:C9: Motor mount Motor mount C10:C10: Screamers, beacons Screamers, beacons C11:C11: Shock cords and anchors Shock cords and anchors C12:C12: Rocket stability Rocket stability
Verification Matrix: Verification Matrix: TestsTests
Verification Tests:
V1 Integrity Test: applying force to verify durability.V2 Parachute Drop Test: testing parachute functionality.V3 Tension Test: applying force to the parachute shock cords to test durabilityV4 Prototype Flight: testing the feasibility of the vehicle with a scale model.V5 Functionality Test: test of basic functionality of a device on the groundV6 Altimeter Ground Test: place the altimeter in a closed container and decrease air pressure to simulate altitude changes. Verify that both the apogee and preset altitude events fire (Estes igniters or low resistance bulbs can be used for verification).V7 Electronic Deployment Test: test to determine if the electronics can ignite the deployment charges.V8 Ejection Test: test that the deployment charges have the right amount of force to cause parachute deployment and/or planned component separation.V9 Computer Simulation: use RockSim to predict the behavior of the launch vehicle.V10 Integration Test: ensure that the payload fits smoothly and snuggly into the vehicle, and is robust enough to withstand flight stresses.
Verification MatrixVerification MatrixV V
11 V V 2 2 V V
33 V V 4 4 V V
55 V V 66 V V
77 V V 88 V V
99 V V 1010
C C 11 FF FF FF FF
C C 22 FF FF FF FF FF
C C 33 PP PP PP PP
C C 44 FF FF FF
C C 55 FF FF
C C 66 PP PP
C C 77 FF FF FF FF FF FF
C C 88 FF FF
C C 99 FF FF
C C 1010 FF
C C 1111 FF FF FF FF FF
C C 1212 FF FF
Test Flights ResultsTest Flights Results
Full Scale Vehicle Test Full Scale Vehicle Test FlightFlight
First Full-Scale Vehicle First Full-Scale Vehicle Launch ConclusionsLaunch Conclusions
Observations
• The rocket flew to a height of 1586 ft• The simulated apogee was 2470 ft
• Rail button missing after flight• The motor nozzle has been damaged • The rocket is too heavy
Improvements Made
• Rocket shortened and lightened• Second full-scale launch made with full-size motor
to accurately determine ability of rocket to reach target altitude
Second Full Scale Vehicle Second Full Scale Vehicle Flight Objectives MetFlight Objectives Met
Modified vehicle design testedModified vehicle design tested New parachute sizes testedNew parachute sizes tested Ejection charge calculations testedEjection charge calculations tested Dual-deployment scheme testedDual-deployment scheme tested Validity of simulation results testedValidity of simulation results tested Rocket stability testedRocket stability tested
Full Scale Model Full Scale Model ParametersParameters
(after modifications)(after modifications) Liftoff Weight:Liftoff Weight: 24.00 pounds24.00 pounds
Motor:Motor: Aerotech Aerotech
K700WK700W
Length:Length: 10.35 ft10.35 ft
Diameter:Diameter: 4”4”
Stability Margin:Stability Margin: 4.11 calibers4.11 calibers
Test Flight #2 ResultsTest Flight #2 Results
Apogee:Apogee: 5071 5071ftft Rocksim prediction: 4800 feetRocksim prediction: 4800 feet
Time to apogee:Time to apogee: 17.15 17.15ss
Drogue parachute:Drogue parachute: apogee at 17.15 apogee at 17.15 ss
Main parachute:Main parachute: 900 900ftft, 72.3, 72.3ss
Test Flight DataTest Flight Data
Apogee (drogue deployment)
Main parachutedeployment
Test Flight ResultsTest Flight Results
DescriptionDescription Start timeStart time
and startand start
altitudealtitude
End time End time and endand end
altitude altitude
Descent rateDescent rate
Vehicle Vehicle underunder
droguedrogue
17.15 s17.15 s
50715071ftft
72.372.3ss
900900ftft75.6 75.6 fpsfps
Vehicle Vehicle under mainunder main 72.3s72.3s
900 900 ftft
144.2s144.2s
0 0 ftft12.5 12.5 fpsfps
Payload IntegrationPayload Integration
• Payload consists from two encapsulated modules
• Payload slides smoothly in the body tube
• Payload wiring hidden inside the modules
• Ejection charges need only two double wires
• Payload vents must align with fuselage vents
Part 2Part 2PayloadPayload
Bacteria Bacteria JourneyJourney
1.1. Bacteria become Bacteria become airborneairborne
2.2. They gather on They gather on dust particlesdust particles
3.3. Sampler collects Sampler collects bacteriabacteria
4.4. Bacteria countedBacteria counted
5.5. Data analyzedData analyzed
6.6. Final report Final report writtenwritten
Flight Flight SequenceSequence
1. Rocket launches2. Rocket reaches apogee3. Drogue parachute deploys4. Main parachute deploys5. Above boundary layer sample (S1)6. Below boundary layer sample (S2)7. Near ground sample (S3)8. Rocket lands
Objectives and Success Objectives and Success CriteriaCriteria
Payload ObjectivesPayload Objectives
Sensors record Sensors record accurate atmospheric accurate atmospheric datadata
Filters contain Filters contain representative samples representative samples of the atmospheric of the atmospheric bacterial levelsbacterial levels
Minimal contamination Minimal contamination of bacteria samplesof bacteria samples
Success CriteriaSuccess Criteria
Contrasting controls and Contrasting controls and samplessamples
Redundant samplers Redundant samplers collect similar datacollect similar data
Payload recovered Payload recovered undamagedundamaged
All mechanical parts All mechanical parts function as expectedfunction as expected
Atmospheric data Atmospheric data collectedcollected
Payload Payload OperatioOperationn
1.1. Air enters through Air enters through intake vents intake vents (grey (grey arrows)arrows)
2.2. Air travels Air travels through sampler through sampler (A and B)(A and B)
3.3. Air exits through Air exits through exhaust vents exhaust vents (blue arrows)(blue arrows)
Payload SubsystemsPayload Subsystems
Data Collector
Pressure/Altitude
Humidity
Temperature
Memory
Bacteria Collector
Data Collector Data Collector (AtmoGraph)(AtmoGraph)
Pressure/Altitude
Humidity
Temperature Central Processing Unit
Memory
Ejection Charge
AtmoGraph SchematicAtmoGraph Schematic
Flight Computer Circuit Flight Computer Circuit BoardBoard
2”
6”
AtmoGraph (Serial # AtmoGraph (Serial # 000001)000001)
AtmoGraph PartsAtmoGraph Parts
ItemItem ManufacturManufacturerer
Part Part NumberNumber
SpecificatioSpecificationn
CostCost
Pressure Pressure SensorSensor MotorolaMotorola MXPH6115AMXPH6115A 15-115k Pa15-115k Pa $ 9.75$ 9.75
Humidity Humidity SensorSensor HoneywellHoneywell HIH403HIH403 0-100% RH0-100% RH $ 12.15$ 12.15
A/D A/D ConverterConverter
Texas Texas InstrumentsInstruments ADS8341ADS8341 16 bit, 16 bit,
100kSps100kSps $ 6.50$ 6.50
ProcessorProcessor ParallaxParallax P8X32AP8X32A 80MHz80MHz $ 11.95$ 11.95
ThermometerThermometer MicrochipMicrochip MCP9800MCP9800 -55-55ooC ~ C ~ 125125ooCC
$ 1.76$ 1.76
MemoryMemory MicrochipMicrochip 24LC102524LC1025 128kB/128kB/400MHz400MHz $ 6.68$ 6.68
Total (each):Total (each): $ 48.79$ 48.79
Boundary Layer Boundary Layer DetectionDetection
Altitude
Tem
pera
ture
Boundary Layer
S3 S2 S1
S1
S2
S3
Should the in-flight detection of boundary layer from temperature profile fail, fixed sampling ranges (based on the data obtained from NWS on the launch date) will be used.
Bacteria CollectorBacteria CollectorFan
Bacteria Bacteria Collector Collector SamplerSampler
ssAssemblAssembl
yy
Bacteria SamplerBacteria Sampler HEPA FilterHEPA Filter
Bacteria SamplerBacteria Sampler Servos & PlugsServos & Plugs
Opening of samplers to airflow occurs when electronics control the servo, which removes the plugs and exposes the sampler to outside air
Closed Open
Bacteria Collector Bacteria Collector FootprintFootprint
Bacteria CollectorBacteria Collector
Air transport fan(and intake vent)
Bacteria Sampler(with simulated HEPAfilter)
Payload AssemblyPayload Assembly
The payload electronics and batteries are located between the two bacteria collectors. Each bacteria collector has four bacteria samplers and a fan for air transport. The air enters each collector via four openings and exits via another set of four openings.
Sampling ProgressionSampling Progression
Sample Sample ProcessinProcessingg
1.1. Open payload in Open payload in sterile hoodsterile hood
2.2. Pour buffer Pour buffer solution through solution through HEPA filterHEPA filter
3.3. Filter buffer Filter buffer through fine filtersthrough fine filters
4.4. Stain bacteria with Stain bacteria with DAPI stainDAPI stain
5.5. Quantify bacteria Quantify bacteria using fluorescence using fluorescence (and measure (and measure amounts of gram-amounts of gram-positive and gram-positive and gram-negative)negative)
6.6. Analyze resultsAnalyze results
Variables and ControlsVariables and Controls
VariablesVariables
IndependentIndependent AA ….. Altitude ….. Altitude HH ….. Relative Humidity ….. Relative Humidity PP ….. Atmospheric Pressure ….. Atmospheric Pressure T ….. T ….. TemperatureTemperature
DependentDependent XX ….. Bacterial ….. Bacterial
ConcentrationConcentration NN ….. Bacterial Classification ….. Bacterial Classification BB ….. Altitude of boundary layer ….. Altitude of boundary layer
ControlsControls
Control FilterControl Filter Dual SamplingDual Sampling Consistent stainingConsistent staining Consistent counting Consistent counting
methodmethod
Primary Correlation
X = f (A)
Feasibility of DesignFeasibility of Design
HEPA filter collects bacteria throughHEPA filter collects bacteria through ImpactionImpaction Electrostatic AttractionElectrostatic Attraction Inertia of BacteriaInertia of Bacteria
HEPA filter extremely effective at high air HEPA filter extremely effective at high air velocityvelocity
Air fan draws sufficient amount of airAir fan draws sufficient amount of air UV hoods ensure sterility of bacteria UV hoods ensure sterility of bacteria
samplessamples
Airflow CalculationsAirflow Calculations
Our current payload fan meets experiment Our current payload fan meets experiment requirements of 36 cubic feet per minuterequirements of 36 cubic feet per minute
x 0.5625 inches²x 0.5625 inches² x x 1 foot²1 foot² x x 51 feet 51 feet X X 60 60 seconds seconds ==
11 144 in² second 144 in² second 1 minute 1 minute
= 37.55184 ft³/minute . = 37.55184 ft³/minute .
Payload RisksPayload RisksRiskRisk ConsequenceConsequence MitigationMitigation
Payload damage Payload damage after impactafter impact
Unusable dataUnusable data Double check Double check parachute on parachute on ground, static ground, static testingtesting
Electronic failureElectronic failure Atmospheric data Atmospheric data lost, no collectionlost, no collection
Electronics undergo Electronics undergo extensive on-extensive on-ground testingground testing
Contamination of Contamination of filters before flightfilters before flight
Unusable dataUnusable data Payload constructed Payload constructed in sterile in sterile environment. environment. Sealed transport to Sealed transport to launch site.launch site.
Contamination of Contamination of filters after flightfilters after flight
Unusable dataUnusable data Placed in sterile Placed in sterile container after container after flightflight
Valves Valves malfunctioningmalfunctioning
No / Unusable dataNo / Unusable data Ground tests, new Ground tests, new batteries and batteries and realignment before realignment before each flight.each flight.
Changes to PayloadChanges to Payload
Entire payload shortened 16”Entire payload shortened 16” Payload E-Bay shorted 2”Payload E-Bay shorted 2” New fans have higher flow rate (37 New fans have higher flow rate (37
cfm)cfm) Sampler tubes shortened for weight Sampler tubes shortened for weight
and length lossand length loss
Science ValueScience Value
Bacterial concentrations in relation Bacterial concentrations in relation to boundary layer locationto boundary layer location
Provide baseline bacterial Provide baseline bacterial concentrationconcentration
Climate affects bacterial populationClimate affects bacterial population Show how bacteria respond to Show how bacteria respond to
environmentenvironment
Thank you!Thank you!
Any Any Questions?Questions?