AIM: How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism?
DO NOW- Judaism Pre-test: 1. The Jews believe in: One God b. A trinity of Gods c. That there is no God but many prophets 2. The land that the Jews feel that they are destined to inherit is: Egypt b. Israel c. Jordan 3. The Jewish house of worship is called a: mosque b. synagogue c. stupa 4. During World War II, millions of Jews were killed in an event known as the: Diaspora b. Holocaust c. Battle of Britain 5. The most sacred book of the Jews is called the: Ramayana b. New Testament c. Torah Israelites: The preferred name for the ancestors of the Jews. The name comes from the Hebrew Bible where the descendants of Abrahams grandson Jacob are called the children of Israel, or simply Israelites. The name is a reference to the account in the Hebrew Bible that Jacobs name was changed to Israel. You may begin using the term Jews instead of Israelites in the period following the Assyrian conquest (722 BCE). You should definitely use the term Jews instead of Israelites in the Second Temple period (following the Babylonian Exile in 586 BCE). Hebrews: An alternate name for the ancestors of the Jews. If your state standards and/or textbook use the term Hebrews, it is acceptable to use this term. But if you have a choice, Israelites is the preferred term. It is the standard term used in the Hebrew Bible, which is the main source for information about this people. Israelites is also the standard term used by modern scholars. It is important to note that the term Hebrew is correct and appropriate in reference to the language. Jews: The appropriate and correct name for members of the Jewish people. The term comes from the Kingdom of Judah. When King Solomon died, the Israelite kingdom split. The northern kingdom was called Israel. It was destroyed by the Assyrian Empire in 722 BCE. The southern kingdom was called Judah. The words Jew, Judaism, and Jewish come from this place name. Referring to Jews or the Jewish people is acceptable after 722 and should be used (rather than Israelites) to refer to the people after the Babylonian Exile. The terms Jews and the Jewish people are equally acceptable. It is very offensive to use the word Jew as an adjective (e.g., the Jew lawyer) or a verb. Are Jews a religious group or an ethnic group
Are Jews a religious group or an ethnic group? Turn & Talk Discussion REMINDER: USE ACCOUNTABLE TALK! One of the most common questions that students ask during lessons that address Jews or Judaism is whether Jews are a religious group or an ethnic group. Jews themselves have a wide range of opinions and beliefs about what it means to be a Jew and what defines being Jewish. Nevertheless, there are areas of general consensus. The essential point to convey to students is that Jews do not fit neatly into predefined categories, but they do form a distinct and unique community that is connected by rich traditions and thousands of years of history. The following facts provide additional information: Categories are human constructs that help us talk about and make sense of the world. However, some things, such as the Jewish people, do not fit neatly into our preexisting categories (such as religious group or ethnic group). It is like being asked whether a round peg goes into a square hole or into a triangular hole; it does not quite fit either one. Jews, even the most traditionally religious Jews, consider someone with Jewish parents who does not practice any element of Judaism to be Jewish. Conversely, Jews also consider a convert with no Jewish ancestry whatsoever to be as Jewish as any other Jew. This dichotomy illustrates how Jews dont fit into our usual categories and have elements of both religious and ethnic groups. Jewish life encompasses more than religion. For example, expressions of peoplehood, remembrances of historical experiences, connections to the Land of Israel, and cultural elements such as music, art, language, and food are also parts of Jewish life. There are Jews of almost every background including Jews of African descent, Indian descent, European descent, Middle Eastern descent, Southeast Asian descent, and Hispanic descent. Most Jews object to describing Jews as a racial group not only because of the diverse backgrounds of the Jewish community, but also because the language of race conjures memories of the Holocaust when the Nazis used racial terminology to justify their attempt to annihilate the Jewish people. In traditional Judaism, a Jew is a child of a Jewish mother or is someone who converted to Judaism; anyone with a Jewish mother, regardless of whether they practice Judaism, is a Jew and anyone who converts to Judaism, regardless of their ancestry, is a Jew. Today, some branches of Judaism teach that a person can also be a Jew if he or she has a Jewish father and identifies as a Jew. Most Jews feel connected through Jewish history, traditions, family ties, and the religion of their ancestors - even if they are not religiously observant themselves. How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism?
I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me. In the Hebrew Bible, God speaks these words to Moses to explain a belief that set the Israelites apart from all other people of the ancient world at that time. Instead of worshipping many gods, the Israelites prayed to just one God for guidance and patience. What would be the differences between polytheistic or animistic religions? How did the worship of only one God shape Judaism? *NOTES* JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in 1400 B.C.E which became the first monotheistic belief system. (monotheism-ONE GOD) IMPORTANT FIGURES: Abraham- first Hebrew to make a covenant with God; father of monotheism 2.Moses- messenger of God (prophet) who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and was given the Ten Commandments Why would the Jews prefer to use B.C.E and C.E. over B.C. and A.D.? 3. King David & his son Solomon- created a Jewish empire and built the city of Jerusalem *NOTES* Torah- holy book Ten Commandments- law code Monotheism - 1 God Sabbath- holy day is Saturday Synagogue or temple- house of worship JUDAISM Important days: Hannukah, Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah Kosher food (no pork or shellfish) Orthodox, Conservative or Reformed The Dead Sea Scrolls Why do you think the Dead Sea Scrolls were considered an important find? Why might someone have decided to store these scrolls in a cave? The oldest known texts of the Hebrew Bible were discovered in 1947 in a region along the northwest short of the Dead Sea. They were written about 2,000 years ago on papyrus scrolls and bound in leather and copper. At some point, the Dead Sea Scrolls were stored carefully in clay jars and tucked away in a series of caves near Qumran, where an unsuspecting young shepherd happened upon them one day. The Ten Commandments Ten Commandments Code of Hammurabi Same Discussion Questions What ideas do you have about the religion of Judaism? What information have you seen or read about the religion or about people who are Jews? Why do you think it is important to know something about Judaism? How might the religion of Judaism affect the lives of people who are not Jews? What similarities or differences do you see between Judaism and Christianity? Islam? Buddhism? Hinduism? Exit Slip: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper
Exit Slip: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper. MINIMUM OF 7 SENTENCES. What types of challenges did the Israelites face in ancient times? Why do you think many Jews feel it is important to remember the challenges faced by the ancient Israelites? Do you think Jews today might face any similar challenges as they practice their faith in the modern world? Explain. AIM: In what ways were religion and society intertwined in ancient India?
Do Now: PBS Video: The Mahabharata arata Discussion Question: What role does the Mahabharata play in Indianhistory? What are some other cultures epic stories? Turn & Talk withPartner:
DefineReincarnation.Why do youbelieve somepeople believein it? The Beliefs of Hinduism Develop
No single founder No single sacred text Process began withAryans and Induscivilization One of the worldsmost complex religions One Force Underlies Everything
Hindu belief that everything is part of theunchanging, all-powerful spiritual force calledbrahman Variety of Hindu gods who give concreteform to brahman Hindu Gods Vishnu the Preserver Brahma the Creator Shiva the destroyer Sacred Texts Reveal Hindu Beliefs
Vedas sacred textswhere Hinduteachings wererecorded Upanishads sectionof the Vedas thataddress mysticalquestions related toHinduism Achieving Moksha Is the Goal of Life
Atman an essential self Moksha union with brahman, ultimate goal of existence. To doso, individuals must free themselves from selfish desires. Reincarnation rebirth of the soul into another bodily form.Allows people to continue working toward moksha throughseveral lifetimes Karma all actions of a persons life that affect his or her fate inthe next life Dharma the religious and moral duties of an individual Ahimsa nonviolence The Caste System Castes social groupsinto which people areborn and which canrarely be changed. Complex Rules Uphold the Caste System
Caste was closely linkedto Hindu beliefs Higher classes were closerto moksha Web of complex casterules untouchables (dalits) considered impure Caste Affects the Social Order
Ensures a stable social order Karma determined their caste could reach a higher statusin the future by fulfilling theirduties A sense of identity andinterdependence Over time, many additionalcastes and subcastes evolved. AIM: How did Buddhism develop in India?
Do Now: (Review from yesterdays class) In what ways were religion and societyintertwined in ancient India? Pain is caused by desire.
Agree or disagree Pain is caused by desire. What does this phrase mean to you? Do youagree or disagree? Why/why not? Key Concepts I. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha enlightenedone II. Goal of Buddhists is toachieve Nirvana Ending reincarnationand stopping the cycle ofdeath and rebirth. Born a prince 563 B.C.E. Age 29 took a ride around the palace and saw an old man, next sick person and a dead body = became aware of human suffering Deeply disturbed he set out and wandered for years seeking answers from Hindu scholars and holy men ideas failed to satisfy him Birth place of Buddha Images of Buddha Siddhrtha Gautama was a ______________ teacher in the northern region of the __________________who founded _______________. He is generally seen by Buddhists as the ________________ Buddha of our age.The time of his birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century ______________date his lifetime from563 BCE to 483 BCE; Four Noble Truths 1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
2. The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hatred and desire. 3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirtue. 4. The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path The way to rid yourself of desire and hatred. Buddhism Spreads Beyond India
Collecting the Buddhas teachings = Tripitaka ThreeBaskets of Wisdom Buddhism spreads and divides = missionaries and traders Sects (subgroups) Theravada closely follows Buddhas teachings(monks and nuns) = Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Mahayana easier for ordinary people to follow =China, Tibet, Korea and Japan Buddhism slowly declined in India Prayer Wheels Buddhist Monks Buddhism in Action Group Work Why did the Buddha believe that to begin the Eightfold Path a person had tohave a proper view of The Middle Way and the Four Noble Truths? What does Buddha mean by the idea of right intention? In other words, isit a specific set of actions or a way of life? If moral behavior is not commanded by a god or by an outside authority,how are human beings supposed to behave ethically? Analyze and discuss whether the First Noble Truth is a pessimisticassessment of the human condition. Compare and contrast the Eightfold Path to practices in other traditions suchas Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. Examine and discuss whether you believe it possible to attain Nirvana. Discuss the most important idea that you learned from this lesson. Lets Summarize Hinduism Buddhism Aim: How did Confucius create a harmonious society?
Do Now: Create a timeline of the Chinese dynasties and important events we have discussed concerning Ancient China so far this year. Confucianism A philosophy that originated in China around 520 B.C.E by Kong Fuzi (Confucius) Questions: What is the difference between a belief system and religion? -If students are stuck have them start with what they know about religion and then work backwards. The Analects Confucius teachings were gathered together by his students into a book called The Analects, which means The selected sayings The book is a list of morals, wise statements, and questions that Confucius was asked by his followers with the answers he gave The Tenets of Confucianism
People should try to act with Ren: Goodness and Humanity Li: Propriety and Respect And these can only be achieved through education. People should also practice Filial Piety: Respect for ones rulers, parents, elders, and spouse If people practice these things, order will prevail What does it mean to respect ones parents? Five Relationships RULER HUSBAND FATHER OLDER SIBLING younger sibling
subject wife son FRIEND FRIEND Spread of Confucianism
All regions of China were influenced by Confucius. Created a very traditional society Confucianism spread to Korea, Vietnam and Japan Confucius Says. By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.Put this quote into your own words. Put this quote into your own words.
Confucius Says. When we see persons of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see persons of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves. Put this quote into your own words. Confucius Says. The Master said about government, Encourage the people to work hard by setting an example yourself. Do not allow your efforts to slacken. Put this quote into your own words. How Confucianism Has Affected Our World
Confucius was the founder of the modern ideal that all people deserve an education and a chance to govern, not just the noble class. Confucius started the system of going to school throughout your childhood to prepare for a few tests that would determine your status and occupation for the rest of your life. Confucianism was the official Chinese philosophy from 206 B.C.E. to 1912 C.E., and it is still considered the backbone of Chinese culture. Exit-Summary: How did Confucius create a harmonious society? AIM: What are the main tenets of Daoism and Legalism?
DO NOW: Answer the following questions based on your notes from last class: -Who was Confucius? -What are the main tenets of Confucianism? -What is filial piety? #1 DAOISM (Taoism)Chinese philosophy created to help restore harmony & peace during the fall of the Zhou Dynasty BE STILL LIKE A MOUNTAIN & FLOW LIKE A RIVER. #2 LAOZI - Founder of Daoism #3 YING YANG-Daoist symbol that represents the delicate balance of nature. #4 SAGE- A PERSON WHO GAINS WISDOM #5 ACUPUNCTURE- treating disease using fine needles inserted into specific points in the body.According to Daoists, these needles help to restore the balance of Ying and Yang in the body. (restores health) #6 Legalism Chinese philosophy created to help strengthen a state
#6 Legalism Chinese philosophy created to help strengthen a state. Strength, not goodness was a rulers greatest virtue. #7 Han Feizi Founder of Legalism