Adolf Hitler: The FuhrerAdolf Hitler: The Fuhrer

Germany After WWIGermany After WWI

Germany cedes land Germany cedes land (Alsace – Lorraine, (Alsace – Lorraine, Poland, etc)Poland, etc)

Military RestrictionsMilitary Restrictions War Reparations and War Reparations and

European recessionEuropean recession War Guilt ClauseWar Guilt Clause Weimar Republic Weimar Republic

weakweak

German Revolutions German Revolutions 19181918

The German MarkThe German Mark

Weimar Germany:Weimar Germany:Political RepresentationPolitical Representation

1920 - 19331920 - 1933Political Political Parties in Parties in the the ReichstagReichstag

May May 19241924

Dec. Dec. 19241924

MayMay19281928

Sep.Sep.19301930

JulyJuly19321932

Nov.Nov.19321932

Mar.Mar.19331933

Communist Communist Party (KPD)Party (KPD) 6262 4545 5454 7777 8989 100100 8181

Social Social Democratic Democratic Party (SDP)Party (SDP)

100100 131131 153153 143143 133133 121121 120120

Catholic Catholic Centre Centre Party (BVP)Party (BVP)

8181 8888 7878 8787 9797 9090 9393

Nationalist Nationalist Party Party (DNVP)(DNVP)

9595 103103 7373 4141 3737 5252 5252

Nazi Party Nazi Party (NSDAP)(NSDAP) 3232 1414 1212 107107 230230 196196 288288

Other Other Parties Parties 102102 112112 121121 122122 2222 3535 2323

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Born on April 20, 1889 Born on April 20, 1889

in Austriain Austria Wanted to be an artistWanted to be an artist Served in WWI for Served in WWI for

Germany on the Germany on the Western FrontWestern Front

Powerful speaker who Powerful speaker who called upon the called upon the nationalistic pride of nationalistic pride of German peopleGerman people

Strong anti-semitic Strong anti-semitic feelingsfeelings

Baby HitlerBaby Hitler

Hitler was 1 of 6 children – 3 of whom died at early ages.

Draft Dodger Of Austria / Draft Dodger Of Austria / Enlistee For GermanyEnlistee For Germany

Hitler’s EmergenceHitler’s Emergence German Workers German Workers

Party becomes Party becomes National Socialist National Socialist German Worker’s German Worker’s Party, or Nazi for Party, or Nazi for shortshort

Mein KampfMein Kampf SA (Sturm Abteilung SA (Sturm Abteilung

or Brown Shirts)or Brown Shirts) Hitler becomes Hitler becomes

chancellor in 1933chancellor in 1933

““Do we not feel once again in Do we not feel once again in this hour the miracle that this hour the miracle that brought us together? Once you brought us together? Once you heard the voice of a man, and it heard the voice of a man, and it struck deep into your hearts; it struck deep into your hearts; it awakened you and you followed awakened you and you followed this voice … When we meet this voice … When we meet each other here, the wonder of each other here, the wonder of our coming together fills us all. our coming together fills us all. Not everyone of you sees me, Not everyone of you sees me, and I do not see everyone of and I do not see everyone of you. But I feel you, and you you. But I feel you, and you feel me. It is the belief in our feel me. It is the belief in our people that has made us small people that has made us small men great, that has made men great, that has made brave and courageous men out brave and courageous men out of us wavering, timid folk; this of us wavering, timid folk; this belief … joined us together into belief … joined us together into one whole! You come, that you one whole! You come, that you may, once in a while, gain the may, once in a while, gain the feeling that now we are feeling that now we are together; we are with him and together; we are with him and he with us, and we are now he with us, and we are now Germany!”Germany!”

- Hitler, mass rally at - Hitler, mass rally at Nuremburg, Nuremburg,

Sept. 1936Sept. 1936

The Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch 19231923

Hitler in Landesberg Hitler in Landesberg PrisonPrison

Hitler’s GoalsHitler’s Goals

LebensraumLebensraum MilitarismMilitarism RevengeRevenge Racial Purity of the Racial Purity of the

Aryan Race / Aryan Race / Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws

Enabling ActEnabling Act Establishment of Establishment of

the Third Reichthe Third Reich

Sich HeilSich Heil

Kristallnacht Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)(“Night of Broken Glass”)

Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws

Denaturalization Denaturalization laws laws discriminating discriminating against Jewish against Jewish citizenscitizens

Used racial Used racial observance of observance of grandparents to grandparents to determine (see determine (see chart)chart)

Germany AblazeGermany Ablaze

Reichstag Burns, 1933

Nazi Anti-IntellectualismNazi Anti-Intellectualism Consequences:Consequences:

A society where A society where individual thought is individual thought is compromised & the compromised & the preservation of truth preservation of truth minimal.minimal.

Authorities have more Authorities have more power (no intellectual power (no intellectual spirit of dissent to spirit of dissent to challenge)challenge)

Emergence of Emergence of pseudoscience (eugenics)pseudoscience (eugenics)

Rewriting historyRewriting history Destruction of literatureDestruction of literature

Nazi Book BurningsNazi Book Burnings Why burn books?Why burn books?

Vent anger (symbolic Vent anger (symbolic transition of cultural transition of cultural values: intellectualism to values: intellectualism to radical emotionalism)radical emotionalism)

Unifies community in a Unifies community in a ritualritual

Intimidates intellectual Intimidates intellectual communitycommunity

Nazi Party declares Nazi Party declares that any book “which that any book “which acts subversively on acts subversively on our future or strikes our future or strikes at the root of German at the root of German thought, the German thought, the German home, and the driving home, and the driving forces of our people forces of our people …” is to be burned - …” is to be burned - May 10, 1933May 10, 1933

Education In The 3Education In The 3rdrd ReichReich Knowledge that Knowledge that

benefited the State benefited the State was allowed (i.e. was allowed (i.e. rocket science).rocket science).

Individual learning Individual learning frowned uponfrowned upon Independent thinking Independent thinking

goes against public goes against public opinionopinion

Propaganda as a new Propaganda as a new form of educationform of education

Goal:Goal: In democracy, students In democracy, students

learn to benefit learn to benefit themselves.themselves.

In Totalitarian Germany, In Totalitarian Germany, students learn to benefit students learn to benefit the State.the State.

2 Jewish students are humiliated in front of their whole class. The writing on the boardproclaims “the Jew is our greatest enemy! Beware the Jew!”

Nazi CurriculumNazi Curriculum Racial biology & Racial biology &

eugenicseugenics Celebratory Celebratory

German historyGerman history Discipline, duty, Discipline, duty,

obedience, courageobedience, courage Physical training – Physical training –

body over mindbody over mind No concern for No concern for

spirit of academicsspirit of academics

“The Jewish Nose is Wide at the End and Looks like the

Number Six”

Hitler On EducationHitler On Education "Universal education is the most "Universal education is the most

corroding and disintegrating poison corroding and disintegrating poison that liberalism has ever invented”—that liberalism has ever invented”—Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

"Through clever and constant "Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round”and also the other way round”

——Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Hitler YouthHitler Youth Trained children for Trained children for

their role as Nazi their role as Nazi citizens.citizens. Men: “Wehrsport” Men: “Wehrsport”

(military training)(military training) Women: preparation for Women: preparation for

Aryan motherhoodAryan motherhood ““The weak must be The weak must be

chiseled away. I want chiseled away. I want young men and women young men and women who can suffer pain...” – who can suffer pain...” – Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

"I will have no "I will have no intellectual training. intellectual training. Knowledge is ruin to my Knowledge is ruin to my young men” – young men” – Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Hitler YouthHitler Youth

Propaganda:Propaganda:People Cannot Think For People Cannot Think For

ThemselvesThemselves Spread & enforce Spread & enforce

Nazi ideologyNazi ideology the antithesis of the antithesis of

intellectual-based intellectual-based cultureculture

Rampant anti-Rampant anti-SemitismSemitism

Infected all mediums Infected all mediums of art, literature, of art, literature, and mediaand media

Joseph Goebbels:Joseph Goebbels:Head of the Anti-Head of the Anti-

intellectual Serpentintellectual Serpent

Goebbels On Truth & Goebbels On Truth & IntellectualismIntellectualism

““Intellectual activity is a Intellectual activity is a danger to the building of danger to the building of character”character”

““It is the absolute right It is the absolute right of the State to supervise of the State to supervise the formation of public the formation of public opinion.”opinion.”

““Not every item of news Not every item of news should be published. should be published. Rather must those who Rather must those who control news policies control news policies endeavor to make every endeavor to make every item of news serve a item of news serve a certain purpose.”certain purpose.”

The Big Lie TheoryThe Big Lie Theory ““If you tell a lie big enough and keep If you tell a lie big enough and keep

repeating it, people will eventually come to repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the Stategreatest enemy of the State.”—Joseph .”—Joseph GoebbelsGoebbels

Night of Long KnivesNight of Long Knives June 30, 1934 – August June 30, 1934 – August

1934: The Great Purge 1934: The Great Purge (also known as (also known as Operation Operation Hummingbird)Hummingbird)

After the death of After the death of President Hindenburg, President Hindenburg, Hitler had made it clear Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme that he was the supreme ruler of Germany who ruler of Germany who had the right to be judge had the right to be judge and jury, and had the and jury, and had the power to decide whether power to decide whether people lived or died. people lived or died.

S.A. leader Ernst Rohm S.A. leader Ernst Rohm is executed.is executed.

Gaining Lebensraum: Gaining Lebensraum: Nazi Spread & ConquerNazi Spread & Conquer