world war ii. germany has to cede alsace-lorraine to france germany has to cede coal mines in saar...

World War IIWorld War II

Germany has to cede Germany has to cede Alsace-LorraineAlsace-Lorraine to to FranceFrance

Germany has to cede Germany has to cede coal minescoal mines in Saar to in Saar to FranceFrance

Germany has to cede Germany has to cede West-Prussia and all West-Prussia and all

of Posenof Posen to the new country of POLAND to the new country of POLAND

Germany has to give up Germany has to give up all coloniesall colonies

Germany has to cede Germany has to cede all war materials

all war materials to to alliesallies

Germany not allowed to Germany not allowed to

have:have:

TanksTanksWarshipsWarshipsAirplanesAirplanesPoison GasPoison Gas

Germany must limit size of Germany must limit size of army & army & navynavy

Germany must pay Germany must pay 20 billion20 billion gold gold marksmarks

440 Articles 440 Articles blamedblamedGermany for Germany for WWIWWI

Creating Creating DemocraciesDemocracies

President President WilsonWilson ““14 Points”14 Points”

Creating Creating DemocraciesDemocracies

President President WilsonWilson ““14 Points”14 Points”

President President BushBush

Iraq Iraq

WarWar

““The way Europe worked for The way Europe worked for centuries was through war, centuries was through war, displacement of citizens, anddisplacement of citizens, and

restructuring of national borders.”restructuring of national borders.”

Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracy

Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracyCarve up Carve up EuropeEurope(Based on (Based on nationalities)nationalities)

Wilson’s Goals:Wilson’s Goals:Make the world safe for Make the world safe for democracydemocracyCarve up Carve up EuropeEurope

Force DEMOCRATIC Force DEMOCRATIC governmentsgovernments

(Based on (Based on nationalities)nationalities)

NationalismNationalism::1. Division of Europe by 1. Division of Europe by nationalities...nationalities...


2. Loyalty to country & its people* 2. Loyalty to country & its people*

ABOVE ALL ABOVE ALL ELSEELSE


2. Loyalty to country & its people* 2. Loyalty to country & its people*

ABOVE ALL ABOVE ALL ELSEELSE

*People of the same blood *People of the same blood regardless of geographyregardless of geography

SOVIET SOVIET UNIONUNION

1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of 1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of SovietsSoviets

Stalin’s Goals:Stalin’s Goals:



2. Tried to create the perfect2. Tried to create the perfectCommunist Communist statestate



2. Tried to create the perfect2. Tried to create the perfectCommunist Communist statestate3. Abolished private 3. Abolished private

farms,farms, established collectives established collectives massive massive industrializationindustrialization

ITALYITALY

Mussolini’s Rise:Mussolini’s Rise:1. Unemployment + inflation = 1. Unemployment + inflation =

strikesstrikes


strikesstrikes2. Upper-class wanted government 2. Upper-class wanted government

helphelp



helphelp

3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM



helphelp

3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM

4. Practiced 4. Practiced TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism::1.1. Method of control in which a Method of control in which a

country’s individuals have little or country’s individuals have little or no freedoms separate from theno freedoms separate from thegovernment’s wishesgovernment’s wishes

GERMANYGERMANY

Hitler promised to raiseHitler promised to raiseGermany from the Germany from the

shame of the shame of the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

The League of The League of NationsNationsFAILSFAILS


It’s fatal flaw? It’s fatal flaw? No military for No military for enforcementenforcement



Failure in Failure in JapanJapan




Hitler increased size of Hitler increased size of armyarmy





The League couldn’t stop The League couldn’t stop himhim






Italy gave all power to Il Italy gave all power to Il DuceDuce






Italy gave all power to Il Italy gave all power to Il DuceDuce

The League did nothingThe League did nothing

Isolationism:Isolationism:

1.1. Belief that one’s country should Belief that one’s country should stay out of other countries stay out of other countries conflictsconflicts

The “America First” The “America First” CommitteeCommittee

“...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones...But those were Foreign Children and it didn’t really

matter.”

Hitler’s Rise to Hitler’s Rise to PowerPower

Germany asks FranceGermany asks FranceFor moratorium—For moratorium—

FranceFranceRefusesRefuses

France controls France controls Germany’s Germany’s

richest richest production areaproduction area

German workers German workers strike/inflation risesstrike/inflation rises

19221922


Hitler acts out Hitler acts out “Beer Hall “Beer Hall Putsch”Putsch”

““Putsch” failsPutsch” failsHitler imprisonedHitler imprisoned

Writes “Writes “Mein KampfMein Kampf””

Mein KampfMein Kampf explains principles explains principles

of Nazismof Nazism


Hitler gains a Hitler gains a following as a saviorfollowing as a savior

Democratically Democratically elected as PM of elected as PM of

WeimarWeimar

Establishes the Establishes the Third ReichThird Reich

19331933

Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary” was not allowed to join Germany...was not allowed to join Germany...

Hitler takes AustriaHitler takes Austria

““German Austria must unite itself German Austria must unite itself with the German Motherland...”with the German Motherland...”

—Hitler —Hitler Mein KampfMein Kampf


Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s terms for control of Austria (by vote)terms for control of Austria (by vote)



Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s terms for control of Austria (by vote)terms for control of Austria (by vote)

Hitler invaded Austria (1938)Hitler invaded Austria (1938)


Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000

Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000

Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000

Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000

Germans...3,218,000Germans...3,218,000Slovaks...2,309,000Slovaks...2,309,000Magyars...729,000Magyars...729,000Ruthenes...569,000Ruthenes...569,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000


Poles...100,000Poles...100,000


Czechs...7,447,000Czechs...7,447,000


Poles...100,000Poles...100,000Others...266,000Others...266,000

Hitler takes Hitler takes CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Sudetenland contained large # of Sudetenland contained large # of German-speaking , pro-Nazi German-speaking , pro-Nazi

populationpopulation




Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakiathe Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia




Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakiathe Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia

The Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement (Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)(Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)

Hitler & Hitler & StalinStalin

Soviet Union signed Soviet Union signed non-aggression pactnon-aggression pact

With GermanyWith Germany

Hitler & Hitler & StalinStalin

Soviet Union signed Soviet Union signed non-aggression pactnon-aggression pact

With GermanyWith Germany

Stalin gained eastern Stalin gained eastern half of Polandhalf of Poland

Hitler’s Attack Style Hitler’s Attack Style BLITZKRIEBLITZKRIE

GG

Stage 1: Air Stage 1: Air bombingbombing

Stage 2: Tanks & Stage 2: Tanks & Artillery Artillery

Stage 3: Flanking Stage 3: Flanking InfantryInfantry

Highly Highly effective effective

fighting stylefighting style

Fighting in Poland Fighting in Poland was over in 3 was over in 3

weeksweeks

Hitler takes FranceHitler takes France

Hitler planned to attack France Hitler planned to attack France after Polandafter Poland



French behind “Maginot Line”French behind “Maginot Line”




Germans behind “Siegfried Germans behind “Siegfried Line”Line”




Germans behind “Siegfried Germans behind “Siegfried Line”Line”A year spent waiting = “Phony A year spent waiting = “Phony War”War”


Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France”


Hitler attacked Belgium & Hitler attacked Belgium & “walked to “walked to France” France” Handed France his surrender Handed France his surrender termsterms



Germany controlled N. FranceGermany controlled N. France



Germany controlled N. FranceGermany controlled N. France

S. France was puppet S. France was puppet government government (“Vichy”) (“Vichy”)

BritaiBritainn

PolandPoland

RomaniRomaniaa

GreecGreecee

TurkeTurkeyy

Soviet Soviet UnionUnion

Britain Got Britain Got Entangled Entangled

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublicDisband the Disband the

ReichstagReichstag

““We will become members of the We will become members of the Reichstag in order to disable the Reichstag in order to disable the Weimar order with its own Weimar order with its own acquiescence...We come as acquiescence...We come as enemies.”enemies.”

——Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels


ReichstagReichstag Reichstag burns & Hitler blames Reichstag burns & Hitler blames

the communiststhe communists


ReichstagReichstag Reichstag burns & Hitler blames Reichstag burns & Hitler blames

the communiststhe communistsPresident Von Hindenburg President Von Hindenburg

suspended individuals & civil suspended individuals & civil rightsrights

Nazi plan for Weimar Nazi plan for Weimar RepublicRepublic

Hitler elected democraticallyHitler elected democratically


Actions against “inferiors” began a Actions against “inferiors” began a month latermonth later



Actions against “inferiors” began a Actions against “inferiors” began a month latermonth later


One of the first actions was the One of the first actions was the “Jewish boycott”“Jewish boycott”

Elimination of a race required 3 Elimination of a race required 3 steps: steps:

1.1. MarginalizationMarginalization2. Government 2. Government

actionaction3. 3. ExecutioExecutio

nn

1. 1. MarginalizationMarginalization

Before Hitler, most Jews were Before Hitler, most Jews were comfortable as German citizens...comfortable as German citizens...

Converted to Converted to ChristianityChristianity

Married non-JewsMarried non-Jews

100,000+ fought for 100,000+ fought for Germany during Germany during

WWIWWITaught in German Taught in German

UniversitiesUniversities

Nazis required a Nazis required a boycott of all Jewish boycott of all Jewish

owned shops and owned shops and business’business’

“Germans! Defend yourselves!

Don’t buy from Jews.”

“The Jews are our misfortune!”

“JUDE”

““Nazification” of CultureNazification” of Culture

Distinguishing between “pure” Distinguishing between “pure” German (Nazi) culture & inferior German (Nazi) culture & inferior

cultures cultures


Distinguishing between “pure” Distinguishing between “pure” German (Nazi) culture & inferior German (Nazi) culture & inferior

cultures cultures

Hundreds of Thousands of Hundreds of Thousands of ““un-German” books were burnedun-German” books were burned


Germany relied on PROPAGANDAGermany relied on PROPAGANDA



Joseph Goebbels—Master of Joseph Goebbels—Master of PropagandaPropaganda



Controlled press, radio, film, art, Controlled press, radio, film, art, music, and public eventsmusic, and public events

Joseph Goebbels—Master of Joseph Goebbels—Master of PropagandaPropaganda


1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit



Degenerate ArtDegenerate Art—art that doesn’t —art that doesn’t glorify Aryan raceglorify Aryan race



Exhibit was designed to Exhibit was designed to emphasize the arts’ “ugliness”emphasize the arts’ “ugliness”

Degenerate ArtDegenerate Art—art that doesn’t —art that doesn’t glorify Aryan raceglorify Aryan race

2. Government 2. Government ActionAction

Jews & the LawJews & the Law

400 laws limiting Jewish citizens 400 laws limiting Jewish citizens between (1933-1939)between (1933-1939)



Civil Service LawCivil Service Law



Nazis even created a “science” Nazis even created a “science” based on Jewish/German based on Jewish/German

differencesdifferences

Civil Service LawCivil Service Law

““[the] state must set race in the [the] state must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure. [The state] must see to keep it pure. [The state] must see to it that only the healthy beget it that only the healthy beget children...”children...”

—Hitler —Hitler Mein KampfMein Kampf

Race ScienceRace ScienceForced sterilization (500,000 in Forced sterilization (500,000 in

10)10)

320,000 German outcasts:320,000 German outcasts:Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed, Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed,

schizophrenics, “work shy”schizophrenics, “work shy”

Instituted euthanasia (execution) Instituted euthanasia (execution) Mentally insane, handicapped, retardedMentally insane, handicapped, retarded

Nuremburg Race LawsNuremburg Race Laws

Women under 45 couldn’t work in Women under 45 couldn’t work in Jewish householdsJewish households

Marriage & sex between Jews & Marriage & sex between Jews & non-Jews forbiddennon-Jews forbidden

Jews are not German citizensJews are not German citizensSubjects of the stateSubjects of the state

““Jews Unwelcome” signs Jews Unwelcome” signs appeared in theaters, shops, appeared in theaters, shops, pharmacies, hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, hotels, restaurants, etc.etc.

Could only sit on public benches Could only sit on public benches marked for Jewsmarked for Jews

Jewish business’ AryanizedJewish business’ Aryanized

All Jews had to take new middle All Jews had to take new middle namesnames

Jewish passports marked with “J”Jewish passports marked with “J”

The Evian The Evian ConferenceConference

Britain: “No Britain: “No room.”room.”

US: “We have a quota US: “We have a quota system.”system.”

Australia: “We don’t want Australia: “We don’t want the Jewish problem.”the Jewish problem.”

Canada: “We’ll take farmers Canada: “We’ll take farmers only.”only.”

KristallnachtKristallnacht(Night of Broken Glass)(Night of Broken Glass)

The The Saint LouisSaint Louis

Hitler elected Hitler elected democraticallydemocratically

19331933

Boycott of Jewish Boycott of Jewish business’business’

““Civil Service” laws Civil Service” laws (400 between (400 between

‘33-’39)‘33-’39)

““Degenerate Art” Degenerate Art” exhibitexhibit

19371937

Forced sterilization Forced sterilization of “inferiors”of “inferiors”

Separation of “pure” Separation of “pure” German and German and

“inferior” people “inferior” people groupsgroups

19341934 19351935

The The S.S. Saint LouisS.S. Saint Louis

19391939

The Evian The Evian ConferenceConference KristallnachtKristallnacht

19381938

3. Execution3. Execution

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