WORLD WAR I

1914--1918

WORLD WAR I

Previous Conditions

France and Germanywere bitter enemies.Franco-Prussian War.Germany gainedcontrol of Alsace andLorraine.

Why was thisimportant?

WORLD WAR I

Previous Conditions

Great Britain—Why is

Britain important

geographically? Who do

you think they were

competing against and

Why?

WORLD WAR IPrevious Conditions

Russia has geopolitical

issues as well dating as

far back as 1856?

WORLD WAR I

LONG TERM CAUSES

Nationalism

Pan-Slavism, Pan-Germanism

Militarism

Alliances

WORLD WAR INationalism

The Balkans were an area of concern for

three empires: Turkey, Austria-Hungary

and Russia

Austria-Hungary annexed

Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908.

Serbia resents Austria-Hungary considering

there were Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

WORLD WAR I

Pan-Slavism—Pan-Germanism

Russia’s right to protect all Germany’s protection of

Slavic people living in Europe all German speaking people in Europe

Russia Serbia Austria Germany

-Hungary

Clash between these

two enemies

WORLD WAR IMilitarism

Great Britain—How did geography effect militarism?

Naval Race--Germany had one of the most powerful armies but

needed to build up its navy.

Great Britain viewed this as a challenge. They created the Two-Power Standard—

Consequence of Militarism--Fear and Distrust in Europe

--Military leaders had influence over civilian leaders

WORLD WAR IAlliances

Dual Alliance---Germany and Austria—1879

Agreed to help each other if attacked by Russia

1882

Triple Alliance—Italy joins. If any three are attacked each one

responds in kind

Central Powers the addition of the Ottoman Empire

WORLD WAR I

Alliances

Triple Entente

France Great Britain

Russia

Russia viewed Germany as a threat

Triple Entente becomes the Allied Powers

World War IAlliances

World War IImmediate Cause

The Balkans—

The Powder Keg of Europe

World War IImmediate Cause

Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Sarajevo

(Capital of Bosnia)

Occupied by Slavs and Serbians

Assassinated on June 28, 1914

by Gavro Princip

a Serbian Nationalist

World War ICrash Course World History #36

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XPZQ0LAlR4

World War I

World War I

World War I

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World War IImmediate Cause

What happens after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Austria Serbia

1) Serbia must end all anti-Austria

agitation.

2) Punish any Serbian official involved in the

plot.

3) Must let Austria join the investigation

However, Ultimatum

(final list of demands)

sends

World War I

July 28, 1914--Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

--Germany declares war on Russia and France.

--Great Britain is threatened and declares war on Germany on

August 4, 1914.

World War IHow does the United States get involved?

Lusitania--a British cruise liner

World War I

German Perspective

They believed the ship was armed with

weapons.

Result—American public opinion of the war changes for the worse

World War ILustania

World War IZimmermann Note

German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann

Ambassador to Mexico

Germany would help Mexico “to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona”

Intercepted by the British in 1917

Wilson declares war in April 1917

World War IResults

Treatry of Versailles

War Guilt Clause, Germany was responsible for starting World War I

Allies divided up Germany’s colonies

Germany had to pay reparations to the victors

Reduced Germany’s military, no army or navy

World War I

Treaty of Versailles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk