adms + anm - cired 2015

Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015

Advanced Distribution Management System

Applications: Managing Active Distribution Networks

Graham Ault – Smarter Grid Solutions

Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems


Objectives and Outline

Description of Active Network Management (ANM)

Learn from example ANM projects Set out requirements for ANM Explore future ANM Directions

Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems2


Solutions to resolve the grid challenges of a low carbon world through real-time, autonomous, deterministic control technology and supporting services.

Founded in 2008

HQ in Glasgow with consultancy, technology development and test infrastructure.

Offices in New York and London

Over 50 engineers focused entirely on the development and deployment of Active Network Management solutions

12 years of development in collaboration with utility customers and one of Europe’s leading power systems universities (University of Strathclyde) 3Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems

Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015R

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http://www.northernpowergrid.com/

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=con+edison&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MINq9ntZglyicM&tbnid=cKKRjyWQw10G4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2012/11/con_ed_hits_son.php&ei=3yVKUcvZE4b60gXgp4C4Dg&bvm=bv.44011176,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGk5lkTXaFL7-KD3q7H8PpkL_s0Rg&ust=1363900250494450

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=northern+ireland+electric&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=aaVD9abKUBndgM&tbnid=M8VBqmg0hJSfzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://alaninbelfast.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html&ei=CPxJUcjyFeqq0QWHzYDICg&bvm=bv.44011176,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNH1TNV9sMt06eRV3ThTcMpyqsaThw&ust=1363889503160276


ProductsConsultancy, Analysis,

Tools and TrainingSystems Integration

and Support

Active Network Management

products

• Strategic Consultancy

• Power systems analysis

• ANM system design• Capacity analysis

tools• ANM planning and

operational training

• Services to support the deployment of Active Network Management

• Ongoing support and maintenance of operational systems

Project Lifecycle

What SGS do



Outline of ANM and fit with other network control

infrastructure and applications



To rest of network….

12 MVA

Bus 1 Bus 2

FG0 - 15 MVA

NFG

3 - 12 MVA

12 MVA

v, i

v, i

ANM Controller

v, i

Real-time Export

SCADA/EMS/DMS

0 - ? MVA

Storage

Substation or Control Room

7

Active Network Management: Concept



What is Active Network Management?

A part-distributed control technology to manage distributed energy resources.

Delivering real-time autonomous deterministic control providing guaranteed repeatability and time-bounding of end to end control actions.

To enable second by second control of distributed energy resources and grid devices to deliver smart grid functionality.

Typical applications include real and reactive power control, voltage management and energy balancing.



What ANM is not … SCADA or DMS: ANM complements such systems integrating

easily via standard industry protocols to enhance network visibility and grid control.

DER Management System (DERMS): ANM complements such systems by providing a robust, reliable and secure device integration and interaction layer.

Substation Automation (SA): ANM extends beyond the substation into the field but leverages existing substation equipment and communications where possible.

Distribution Automation (DA): ANM tends to be focused on power systems constraint problems rather than reliability improvements but can sometimes be considered a new type of Distribution Automation application.



Commercial Benefits of ANM

Maximise grid utilisation by increasing DG and DER hosting capacity

New connection options to reduce connection times and cost

Increased financial return from existing assets Increased network revenue Increased connection charges for more connected

customers Avoid or defer capital expenditure and grid upgrades Reduce network charges to demand customers for

distributed generation reinforcement Improved customer service Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems

10


Technical Benefits of ANM Ease of adoption Products fit with existing DG/DER connections process and

agreements Autonomous operations and simple to use configurability within a

single platform Reduced complexity and quick to deploy Associative relationships, sensitivity factors, timers and

deadbands remove the need for the connected network model and complex mathematical optimisation techniques

Extensible platform for implementation of additional functionality Time bounded control loops and repeatability coupled with fail to

safe mechanisms provide peace of mind to control room operators and protection engineers



Scenario:

• DG causes power flow overloads on overhead lines and grid transformers.

Operation:• Current monitoring at the

locations where the overload occurs

• ANM system calculates the capacity and any required curtailment

• The ANM generators are curtailed per their connection agreement or agreed contractual terms when the power flow limit is breached

• Generators are associated with multiple constraints (e.g. control zone A and C)

Generator

Primary Substation 1

Control Zone A

Generator

i v

Generator


Control Zone B

Generator

i

Generator

Generator

Grid Substation

Control Zone C

i i

SCADA / DMS

Transmission Network

Generator

Generator

Existing generation

outside of ANM system

ANM enabled generator

within control of ANM system

ANM 100

ANM 100


Example Scenario 1


Scenario:

• Generation export of real power raises voltage at point of connection and along the feeder resulting in AVC scheme operation and low voltage measurements on parallel feeders.

Operation:

• Real-time monitoring at PCC, end of line voltage on lowest voltage feeder and at the substation.

• Curtail real-power when beyond voltage design limits

• Regulate the production or absorption of reactive power

• Adjust the target voltage of the on load tap change controller


SCADA / DMS

Generator

Generator

Existing generation




i v i v

Generator

Generator

i v

Generator

i v

v

ANM 50

Generator

i v

Generator

i v

AVC Scheme

ANM 50


Example Scenario 2


Scenario:

• Generator exporting real power, sometimes exceeds voltage at the PCC or at the substation.

Operation:

• Delivers real-time monitoring at PCC and if necessary at the substation

• Curtail real-power when beyond voltage design limits

• Can be integrated in the future to ANM system

• Can be integrated back to SCADA / DMS or without centralised monitoring.

Substation SCADA / DMS

Generator

Generator

Existing generation




i v

Generator

Generator

i v

ANM 50

ANM 100

Connect+


Example Scenario 3


Scenario:

• Load Growth Results in a Peak Power Flow that Exceeds Capacity at primary substations and grid substation.

Operation:

• Real-time monitoring of power flow at primary and grid substations experiencing peak power capacity constraint.

• Curtail real-power set-points for connected devices when thresholds are breached

• Regulate the second by second production or consumption of energy from Distributed Energy Resources


Non-ANM Generator

Generator


Variable Load Generator

Energy Storage System


Generator

Variable Load

i v i v

i vi vSCADA / DMS

ANM 100

ANM 100 with Energy Storage Module


Example Scenario 4


Active Network Management: Timescales and applications



ANM Supervisory Control ProtectionDeterministic Non-deterministic Deterministic

Autonomous Human operator Automatic

Software Software Firmware (or electromechanical)

Defined network area Whole network Unit/non-unit

Locally-centralised& Local/Distributed

Centralised Local/Distributed

ANM, SCADA and Protection



Example ANM Architectures

Based on Smart Grid Architecture Model



Distribution DER

X X

Power control

GProcess

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

UKPN substation DG substation

Market

Customer Premise

TransmissionGeneration

ANMUKPN SCADA

PI historianVendor support

Smart devices

Measurements

Gen

erat

ion

Cus

tom

er p

rem

ises

UKPN Control Centre FPP comms

Generator controller

Tra

nsm

issi

on

Dis

trib

utio

n

Dis

trib

utio

n E

nerg

y R

esou

rces

Source: UK Power Networks

Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems

19



Source: Scottish & Southern Energy


ANM system configuration

Settings required:ThresholdsOperating marginsTimersFail safe mechanisms

Power Flow At Constraint Location

System limit

Global Trip

Sequential Trip

Trim

Trim Less

ResetReset Less

Global Trip Operating Margin

Sequential Trip Operating Margin

Trim Operating Margin

Reset Operating Margin

RTF

dt

dP

dt

dPRTDTD

dt

dP

dt

dPOM

downNFGupexistingTrim

upNFGupexistingTrim

,,,,

Theoretical under-pinning:

Logical principles of escalating control action:


Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015Trial results: Power Flow

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

18:37:00 18:38:00 18:39:00 18:40:00 18:41:00 18:42:00 18:43:00

Pow

er (k

W)

March Grid Transformer DG1 Power DG2 Power DG3 PowerFirm Generation Power DG1 Setpoint DG2 Setpoint DG3 SetpointGlobal Trip Seq Trip Reset TrimTrim Less Reset Less

Trim

Bre

ach

2. Thermal limit reached at MP

1. Firm DG ‘forced’ increase to create

thermal breach

3. DG set-points calculated and

issued on pro-rata basis

4. DG ramp-down in compliance with

set-point instructions

5. Power flow at network constraint

below threshold

7. Driving force on

constraint removed

8. DG full release starts

6. Adjustments possible to fully use

thermal capacity



29.00

30.00

31.00

32.00

33.00

34.00

35.00

36.00

37.00

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

13:01:00 13:02:00 13:03:00 13:04:00 13:05:00 13:06:00 13:07:00 13:08:00 13:09:00 13:10:00

Pow

er (k

W)

DG 20 Reactive Power DG 20 Reactive Setpoint DG 20 Real Power DG 20 Real SetpointFirm Generation Power MP 20 Voltage Upper 1 NominalUpper 2 Lower 1 Lower 2 Release Low

Upp

er 1

Bre

each

1. Firm DG ‘forced’ increase to create

voltage breach

2. Voltage limit breach identified at

MP 4. DG Real Power set-point issued

with DG ramp-down started

5. Voltage target achieved (above

nominal)3. DG Reactive

Power set-point issued with

response (but not enough!)

6. DG Real Power release starts

7. DG Reactive Power release starts once DG

Real Power fully released


Trial results: Voltage



Example of control round trip

Central ANM Controller Comms Local ANM

ControllerDG control

System

Curtailment instruction

Curtailment Confirmation

DG Plant

Normal Operation

Configurable timer settings

Communications delayLocal system

delayGenerator Plant

delayApplication

delay

e.g. TCP/IP keep alive, RF mesh hops e.g. Device timer e.g. Ramp ratesApplication timerFine Tune

Breach of a constraint threshold

Constraint managed

Tota

l T

ime

(Sec

on

ds)

Sys

tem

res

po

nse

tim

e

Breaker

G

Power export reduced

Source: UK Power Networks


Example ANM deployment projects



ChallengeIncrease grid capacity, reduce time to connect and cost of connection for distributed generation in Cambridgeshire. Technical challenges include thermal overloads and localised voltage rise constraints.

Solution

♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for distributed generation using ANM 100.

♦ Integration with Dynamic Line Rating relays and Quad Booster Control System.

Delivered Benefits

♦ 15 generators (55 MW) accepted ANM connection offers out of the 24 connection offers made

♦ Reduction of CAPEX in connection offers of 75-95% to individual generators

♦ Aggregate saving of £44m

♦ 29 week decrease in connection time.

EPN licence area heat map for DG connections

Cambridgeshire ANM area Norwich ANM area launched Dec 2014 following success of Cambridgeshire


Cambridgeshire

Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015H

igh

level schem

atic of C

amb

ridg

esh

ire solu

tion

Connection costs and estimated curtailment levels for normal connection versus ANM connection

DLR

AVC

M

M

M

M

M

Power Flow Constraint B

AVC

Client RTU

Client RTU

Power Flow Constraint C

Voltage Constraint B

Voltage Constraint A

SCADA (Control Room)

Generator 1

Generator 3

Generator 4

Generator 2

Generator 5

Power Flow Constraint A

RF MeshIEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850


Cambridgeshire


Example ANM deployment projects

More case studies showing different functionality in Appendix:

London (UK Power Networks) Skegness and Corby (Western Power Distribution) South East Scotland (SP Energy Networks) Shetland Isles (Scottish & Southern Energy Power

Distribution)


ANM Requirements


Core ANM Requirements

Autonomy Minimal Complexity Time-Bounded Operation: Real-Time Operating

Systems and Deterministic Applications Predictability and Repeatability Scalability and Consistent Performance Open Integration and Security High Availability: Failover and Redundancy Fail-Safe Functionality Operating on the DataGraham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems

30


Other ANM Requirements

Supporting tools Capacity analysis tools available for network

and connections planning teams to model ANM connections):

Supporting commercial/market arrangements Integration with other control systems Support Extensibility



Implications of not meeting the requirements

Increased operator intervention Breach of power systems limits Reduction in hosting capacity Breach of commercial contracts Increased systems integration costs



Future ANM Directions



Challenges to ANM Deployment

Commercial rules for DG constraint management DNO business models for ANM investment and cost recovery Network Operator resources Standards (ANM solutions, Security and Quality of Supply,

etc) Communications and data New interruptible contracts Planning tools and satisfying customer concerns Including investors in new generation projects Cost-benefit analysis Triggers for reinforcement



Future directions for ANM

Scale: Wider power system implications (transmission, balancing, etc) Multiple voltage levels and transmission/system/market issues

Scope: New functionality (real time constraints and objectives for

network control) Non-real time functionality New devices and data sources Emergence of microgrids




Jurisdiction: Regulatory incentives: New regulation driving ANM deployment –

RIIO in UK and REV in NYC as examples Market need and functionality Emerging trends and issues (by geography)

Issues of Integration: Control coordination for multiple ANM applications Systems of systems: ANM interacting with Gas, Heat and

Transport networks ADMS




Platforms: Next generation platforms Scalability and extensibility



Applying ANM learning to Microgrids ANM products and applications are suited to managing the interaction

between multiple Microgrids and the network operator and energy supplier

Provide visibility and control of individual/collective DER Manage network constraints, voltage profiles and schedule devices Local balancing of supply, demand and storage Respond to system events and real-time conditions Deliver “mission critical” coordinated control, fail safe functionality and

redundancy of key elements in the end-to-end system Manage the process of intentional islanding and also mitigate the risks

of unintentional islanding and reconnection



Microgrids in IEEE 1547.4

Microgrids contain generation and load

Ability to disconnect from and parallel with wider system

Different scales from customer to substation, local to wider area

Intentionally planned



Generator


Circuit Microgrid

Generator

Facility Microgrid


Substation Microgrid

Microgrid Controller



DMS

ANM Application

DERMS

Historical Database


Example Layout of ANM for Microgrids

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=con+edison&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MINq9ntZglyicM&tbnid=cKKRjyWQw10G4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2012/11/con_ed_hits_son.php&ei=3yVKUcvZE4b60gXgp4C4Dg&bvm=bv.44011176,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNGk5lkTXaFL7-KD3q7H8PpkL_s0Rg&ust=1363900250494450


Concluding Remarks

Active Network Management (ANM) has become a well defined tool in the wider ADMS sphere

ANM is being deployed on an off-DMS platform with specific requirements

Early project implementations with DNOs are delivering benefits while pointing towards new requirements and challenges

Future directions for ANM are emerging in new requirements, new applications and underlying new platform technologies.

41


Appendix: Additional project case studies


ChallengeDemonstrate how ANM can be used to increase visibility of distributed generation, improve security of supply, manage different DER types and avoid demand driven reinforcement.

Solution♦ ANM 100 configured to second by

second manage export and import of distributed generation (20+ MWs from CHP), demand aggregators (3 aggregators) and EV charging (50 charge points totaling 600 kW).

Delivered Benefits♦ A third more distributed energy plants to

export power to urban networks♦ £43m of savings identified through the

visibility and contribution of Distributed Generation to security of supply.

Example trace of ANM delivering autonomous demand response


London


Technical overview of the ANM trials

EHV

HV

DG Control System

Primary User Interface

RTU Measurement Points

Primary Substation

Local Demand Response Site

Central ANM Controller

M M M Central Demand Response Control Centre

Low Carbon London Operational Data Store

UKPN SCADA

Modbus/IP(VPN)

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

various

DNP3/IP

ANM Data Historian

GPRS

Electric Vehicle Charging Network

Operator

Electric Vehicle Charging

Infrastructure

Modbus/IP(VPN)

DG Control System

Local Distributed Generation Site

various

GPRS

Power

Current

HV/LV Network


London


Challenge

Roll-out ANM connections for DG customers within 6 months. Technical challenges include thermal and voltage constraints for wind and PV developments.

Solution♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for

distributed generation using ANM 100. ♦ ANM 100 delivered and operational within 3

months.♦ Consultancy services, capacity analysis and

training to build internal knowledge and capability.

Delivered Benefits♦ Skegness: several generation connection offers

accepted♦ Corby: several generation connection offers

accepted ♦ Several 10’s MW generation connection

acceptances♦ Other ANM areas scheduled

SGS and WPD engineers commissioning the Skegness ANM system


Skegness and Corby


Single line diagram of the Skegness network showing ANM connecting generation with thermal and voltage constraint locations.


Skegness and Corby


Challenge

♦ To increase the speed and cost of connection for DG projects (e.g. PV, wind and thermal) in the South East of Scotland.

♦ Reduce wasted engineering effort in connection quotations which are not accepted (currently >90%)

♦ Technical challenges include thermal overloads and voltage.

Solution

♦ ANM-enable grid supply points with ANM 100 to manage distribution and transmission constraints

♦ Deliver an online capacity analysis tool for distributed generation customers to screen connections before applying

Status

♦ Customer connection portal in trial and being rolled out across the area by June 2015

♦ 3 grid supply points ANM-enabled and integrated to existing communications and SCADA ready for distributed generator connections

Available Capacity

Limited capacity

No capacity

ANM enabled area

Project area and constrained circuits for distributed generation connections


South-East Scotland

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=wOTxLCAaS-hbOM&tbnid=SkhJAhFQvg2tFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.smartergridsolutions.com/insights/blog.aspx?tag%3DDG&ei=xcaYUrShHMLH0QWNj4DIBg&bvm=bv.57155469,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNG7JNHos7okImEmZr032MIsinoE5A&ust=1385825262609097


ChallengeDevelop and manage the non-interconnected island grid more efficiently and increase role of renewable energy in meeting future energy needs.

Technical challenge includes stability, primary reserve, network operation and thermal overload constraints.

Solution♦ Actively manage new generator output against

stability and security constraints and schedule new controllable demand to reduce renewables curtailment and enhance system operation

♦ Distributed Energy Resources integrated include domestic demand (2 MW of flexible electrical heat demand and 16 MWh of energy storage); several MW of new renewable generation and battery energy storage.

Delivered Benefits♦ 5 generators accepted ANM connections

(8.5MW)

Population ~23,000

Demand 11 – 47 MW

Diesel generation at Lerwick Power Station (50+ MW) but reaching end of life and requires replacement

Energy supply and frequency response from Sullom Voe Oil Terminal but mainly there to serve local load and cannot be guaranteed in the long term.

Platform and application components used to deliver the Shetland ANM system


Shetland Isles


ANM Functions

♦ Forecasting of network constraints based on load and generation forecasts

♦ Calculation of day ahead schedules for all controlled devices with an objective of maximising renewable contribution

♦ Real time (second by second) balancing to calculate and issue override signals to respond to unforeseen events, changes in conditions and short term variations

♦ Management of system stability to identify configurations that may result in unacceptable oscillatory behaviour and set operating limits, including frequency response characteristics

Domestic demand side management scheduling and set up screen

Multiple system constraints managed through ANM


Shetland Isles

adms + anm - cired 2015

Documents

voltage management

lyon france

network control infrastructure

outline of anm

training systems integration

distributed control

control room

rest of network