1.Sun, Moon, and Earth

2. Earth Rotation- Earth spinning on its axis Axis- imaginary line that passesthrough Earths center from north tosouth poles Rotation causes day and night(clockwise- east to west) Takes Earth 24 hours (1 day) torotate once on its axis 3. Earth Revolution- movement of one objectaround another object One complete revolution around the sun= 1 year Earths path as it revolves around the sun; orbit which is elliptical (oval) Orbit- the path an object takes around another during a revolution 4. Earth Calendar Earths orbit around the sun takesabout 365 days (365.25 days) or1 year Leap year every 4 years we make upthe extra day. February has 29 daysin leap year. (4 x =1) The time between one full moon andthe next is about 29 days(12 x 29.25 = 351.0 days) 5. Seasonso Latitude- Distance north or southfrom the equator; measured indegrees Equator gets more solar energy (radiation)- straight sun rays Higher latitudes are colder- angled sun rays 6. Seasons Earths tilt is 23.5 North or Southmaking the axis tilt toward the sun partof the year and away from the sun theother part; always points toward thenorth star Seasons are determined by how lighthits Earth 7. Seasons 8. Seasons When north is tilted toward the sun,Northern Hemisphere has summer,Southern has winter When Northern Hemisphere is tiltedaway from sun, has winter, Southernhas summer Solstice- the two days of the year whenthe sun is directly overhead 9. Seasons Summer- Northern Hemisphere is tiltedtoward the sun; more hours of daylight June- Summer solstice, longest day ofthe year, June 21, first day ofsummer 10. Seasons Winter- Northern hemisphere tiltedaway from sun, less hours of day light December- Winter solstice; shortest day of the year, December 21, first day of winter 11. Seasons 12. Seasons Equinox- equal day and night, sundirectly above the equator; March 21- Vernal equinox, spring September 23- Autumnal equinox, fall 13. Moon The moon is a satellite of Earth: itrevolves around the Earth Moon has almost no atmosphere Surface- detailed study of moon rocksgathered by astronauts Craters- cover much of the moons surface Highlands- mountains Maria- once flooded with molten material;appear as dark, flat areas 14. Moon The position of the moon, Earth, andthe sun cause the phases of the moon,eclipses, and tides. The moons movement Moons revolution is about 27.3 days Moons rotation is about 27.3 days The moons year and day take thesame amount of time. The far side of the moon alwaysfaces away from Earth; you never seeit. 15. Moon Gravitational pull- the moon and Earthboth pull on each other Moons density is about the same density asEarths outer layers Formation- Collision Theory- states thatabout 4.5 billion years ago a large objectcollided with Earth; material from thiscollision was thrown into orbit aroundEarth, eventually forming the moon. 16. Moon Phases Phases: the different shapes of the moonthat we see from Earth What causes the phases? The moon reflects light from the sun; halfof the moon is always lit, and half is dark. The amount of sunlit side of the moon thatfaces Earth As the moon revolves around Earth, the lightside of the moon rotates around, changingthe amount we see from Earth. 17. Moon Phases Full- the entire lit side of the moon isseen Gibbous- over half of the lit side is seen Quarter- you can only see half of the litside of the moon (1st and 3rd/Last) Crescent- less than half of the lit sideis seen; thumbnail shaped New- the entire dark side is seen 18. Moon PhasesIt takes about 29.5 days from one new moon to the next : 1 complete cycle Waxing- the amount of lit side of themoon seen is increasing Waning- the amount of lit side of themoon seen is decreasing http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/moon/lunar_phase3.swf http://youtu.be/2aFGNGEcDOkhttp://youtu.be/3PycZtfns_U 19. Moon Phases 20. Tides Tide- the daily rise and fall of Earthscoastlines Tidal bulge- the moons gravitational pullon the water at the point closest to themoon, and on the opposite side creates abulge of water; high tide Low tide- the points between the high tidepoints have low tide. There are 4 tides a day; 2 high and 2 low 21. Tides Spring tide- at the new and full moons,the sun and moon are lined up. Theircombined gravitational pull creates thebiggest difference between high andlow tides. Neap tide- at the 1st and 3rd quartersof the moon, the sun and moon pull atright angles to each other. This makesthe least difference between the highand low tides. 22. Tides 23. Tides 24. EclipsesWhen the moons shadow hits Earth orthe Earths shadow hits the moon Solar Eclipse- the moon passes betweenEarth and the sun casting a shadow onthe Earth; a new moon in which themoon blocks the view of the sun. Lunar Eclipse- when the Earth passesbetween the sun and the moon 25. EclipsesLunar EclipseUmbra - darkest part of a shadowPenumbra- part of the shadow surrounding thedarkest part 26. Eclipses 27. Big Bang Theory The theory that the universe began with avery large explosion, distributing thermalenergy and radiation throughout theuniverse; cosmic background radiation;one of many theories/beliefs. Scientists discovered the universe isexpanding; they began to think there hadto be a starting point, where all of thematter in the universe was contained in asmall space. 28. Earth in the Universe 29. Geocentric Astronomy- the study of the moon,stars, and other objects in space Ptolelmy: 140 CE; Greek astronomerwho, based on careful mathematicalcalculations, thought that the Earthwas at the center of the universe andthe sun and other planets revolvedaround the Earth. 30. Heliocentric Copernicus: 1543; Polish astronomerwho came up with the theory that thesun was at the center of theuniverse, and all of the planetsorbited the sun. Kepler: 1609; Danish; announced thatthe planets orbited the sun in ellipticalorbits. 31. Gravity Galileo: 1609; one of the first people touse a telescope to observe objects in thesky, especially the moon. Discovered craters and mountains on theEarths moon. Isaac Newton: 1687; Laws of Gravity What goes up must come down All objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force 32. Sun Energy from the sun lights and heatsEarths surface The only star in our solar system Is a yellow Dwarf star The corona forms the suns outeratmosphere The photosphere is the visible part of thesun that we see from Earth. The core is where the suns energy isproduced. 33. Sun 34. Sun Sunspots: cooler dark spots that form inthe photosphere when convection activityslows down. Caused by magnetic fields. Solar flares: regions of very hightemperature and brightness. Also causedby magnetic fields. May erupt sending streams of electrically charged particles into the solar system