[slideshare] tafaqqahu-#4(january-2016)-lesson-#1e -re-visiting-history-muslim-education...

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 1 (e)LESSON # 1 (e)

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

THEME: “Advice regarding Four aspects”“Advice regarding Four aspects” REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID”REFLECTION ON TERM “JADDID”

Re-visiting history and the traditional (classical) concept of Islamic Education

PARTPART # # 4 4(January -(January -20162016))

Updated 27 FEBRUARY 2016

“O Allah! Grant favours in our hearing, in our sight and in our strength to be

always upon Your Path. And make our yearnings and desires to be in accord

with everything (teachings and guidance) which has ben brought by Your

beloved Muhammad - salutations of Allah and peace be upon him.”

ALLAA-HUM-MA – MA-TI’-NAA – BI-AS-MAA-INAA – WA

– AB-SWAA-RI-NAA – WA- QUW-WAA-TI-NAA- FEE- SA-BEE – LIK, -

WAJ – ‘AL – HA-WAA-NAA –TA-BA-’AN- LI-MAA – JAA – A – BIHI – HA-BEE-BU-KA

– MUHAM-MADUN – SWOL-LAL-LAA-HU –’ALAI-HI - WA-SAL-LAM

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016)) PREVIOUS LESSON


"I have been sent with JAWAMI’ AL-KALEEM (i.e., the shortest expression

carrying the widest meanings), and I was made victorious with awe (fear

cast into the hearts of the enemy), and while I was sleeping, the keys of

the treasures of the earth were brought to me and were put in my hand."

(Hadith reported by Bukhary)

PREVIOUS LESSON

JAWAMI'-AL-KALEEM means (“comprehensive

speech”) that Allah SWT has granted the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص ability to

speak in the shortest expression carrying the widest meanings;

expressions in one or two statements or thereabouts the numerous

matters that used to be written in the books revealed before him.

This epitomizes the Wisdom (AL-HIKMAH) granted to our Prophet

Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص .

In this module we shall try to reflect upon the significance as in just

one Hadith – the Prophet Muhammad’s ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص advice to a Sahaabiy

Abu Dzar al-Ghifari r.a., which we hope Allah SWT will grant us

profound understanding of the DEEN – insha-Allah.


IMAM ABU HAMID AL-GHAZALIE (R.A.)

AN-NASEEHAHThe Sincere Advice

IDZAL – MAR – U – KAA - NAT - LAHU – FIK –RAH

FA – FEE - KUL – LI – SHAY- IN – LA – HU – ‘IB - RAH


Hadith extracted from: ‘NASA-IHU AL-’IBAAD ‘ALAA SHARHI AL-MUNABBIHAT ‘ALA AL-ISTI’DAD LI-YAUMI AL-MA-’AD’

Sheikh Imam Muhammad Nawawi bin Umar al-Jawi al-Bantanifamous Nusantaran scholar and Imam in Makkah (1813-1897)


O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship, for verily the ocean is deep,

And take complete provision, for verily the journey is far,

And lighten the load, for verily the obstacles are almost insurmountable,

And be sincere in your deeds, for verily the scrutinizer of faults

is The Seeing (Allah).AN-NAASEEHAHThe Sincere Advice


THE HADITH

PREVIOUS LESSON


JADDID

(RENEW)

THAT IT MUST NOT LEAD TO REPLACING THE ESSENTIAL FITRAH

change =

replace =

PREVIOUS LESSON


JADDIDJADDID - - renewalrenewal

PREVIOUS LESSONS

a. KNOWLEDGE OF THE ‘TEXT AND ITS CHAIN’

b. KNOWLEDGE OF THE HISTORY

c. KNOWLEDGE OF PRESERVATION OF OUR LEGACY


JADDID(RENEW)

A RELEVANT REFLECTION (PREPARING FOR THE POST-MODERNIST CHALLENGE)


NOW WE ARE IN THE MIDST OF CLASS PRESENTATION OF HISTORY OF MUSLIMS’ CONTRIBUTION TO THE WORLD

““THE SIGN OF THE TRULY LEARNED IS THE SIGN OF THE TRULY LEARNED IS

HUMILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF THE ALL-HUMILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF THE ALL-

KNOWING – WHILE THE HEEDLESS AND KNOWING – WHILE THE HEEDLESS AND

ARROGANT MAY BREACH THE ADAB”ARROGANT MAY BREACH THE ADAB”


““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults

conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Extracted from:

““Those who do not know that they do not know.”Those who do not know that they do not know.”

““Those who know that they do not know.”Those who know that they do not know.”

““Those who do not know that they know.”Those who do not know that they know.”

““Those who know that they know.”Those who know that they know.”

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRULY WISE

And the wise (those who truly know), will always look at what they are still And the wise (those who truly know), will always look at what they are still

ignorant of, maintaining humility , striving to continue learning, rather than ignorant of, maintaining humility , striving to continue learning, rather than

become conceited with whatever little they may have already learnt.become conceited with whatever little they may have already learnt.

THE HEEDLESS

THE IGNORANT

THE NEGLIGENT

THE WISE

ADDENDUMADDENDUM



Extracted from:

BLACK space representsInfinite Knowledge“We don’t even knowthat we don’t know them”

The GREEN area represents whatever Knowledge that we have.

RED line (circumference) indicates our encounter with knowledge which we now realize we do not know; which motivates us to acquire them.

The beginning of Wisdom is when you realize you do not know!The beginning of Wisdom is when you realize you do not know!

*Extracted and elaborated from “Beginners’ Manual on Islam” by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj ismail (PERGAS)

ADDENDUMADDENDUM




Extracted from:



When we acquire these, our knowledge grows and grows (DARK GREEN area )

ADDENDUMADDENDUM





Extracted from:


When knowledge grows, the circle will expand. But with this expansion the circumference (RED line) also increases.

Remember: RED line (circumference) indicates our encounter with knowledge which we now realize we do not know.


When we acquire these, our knowledge grows and grows (DARK GREEN area )

“The more we know, the more will we encounter aspects of knowledge which we do not know. And only realization of this which motivates us to grow in learning”

ADDENDUMADDENDUM





Extracted from:

This is based on my limited reading, understanding, and

personal experiences - semblance of these approaches I have

seen in my teachers’ mentoring approaches upon individuals

and myself, even though it was done privately and not in

educational institutions.

What many have forgotten is that ‘ulama (Islamic Scholars) are

the effect of the nurturing by true teachers (murobbi’), not

merely from which educational institutions a person comes out

from. It is the teacher, not the school which is the crucial factor.


Many students currently may still be developed traditionally,

utilizing whatever is available – in madrasah, mosque, halaqah,

home - in replicating the earlier Islamic scholars exposure and

path of learning, in spite of the many disadvantages faced.


Starts at home: nurtured with Adab, inculcation of basic

obligatory practices of a Muslim and linguistic proficiency.

Sent to “Kuttab” – recitation and memorization of Al-Qur’an;

may proceed to include other important texts, poetry etc. –

importance of rote-learning for the young.

Sitting (talaqqi) with scholars (in Jami’ [mosque] or

madrasah or halaqah) to expand upon the knowledge of the

Deen, both horizontally (eclectic) and vertically (depth and

profoundness).


His field of study may be expanded to include various other

(AAKHAR) worldly sciences, where the interest in those

relevant field of study are also progressively nurtured.

Some may be sent to guilds to also to be mentored to

acquire skills, crafts or trades, and contemporary empirical

knowledge which today we call “worldly sciences and

technology” – relevant to his development, while still

continuing in their learning path, primarily upon the

knowledge of the Religion ‘ULUM - AD-DEEN *.

* In is wrong to refer to religious knowledge as UKHRAWIAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

Thus for example, we learnt that Abu ‘Ali Ibn

Sina (AVICCENA) already was acknowledged at

17 years old, to be a scholar in the knowledge

of the Deen but his passion to learn every

other knowledge and sciences available then,

was also pursued by him with equal religious

fervour and passion.

IBNU SINAIBNU SINA


He was already known to be well-versed in the

sciences of the Deen, but the world today

seemed to only appreciate and highlight his

expertise in the medical science – especially

the Latin translation :“Canon Medicinæ” or

“Canon of Medicine” (“Qanun fi-al-Tibb”)

which impacted the Western civilization.

IBNU SINAIBNU SINA



AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

Abū Ray ān Mu ammad ibn A mad Al-Bīrūnīḥ ḥ ḥ , known

as Al-Biruni in English, was born in the outer district

of Kath (September 973CE), the capital of

the Afrighid dynasty of Khwarezm (now in

Uzbekistan) (or Chorasmia).[ The word Biruni means

"from the outer-district" in Persian.

His first twenty-five years were spent in Khwarezm where he

studied Islamic jurisprudence (FIQH), theology (KALAM), grammar

(NAHWU), mathematics, astronomy, medicine and other sciences.


AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

The Iranian Khwarezmian language, which was the

language of Biruni, survived for several centuries

after Islam until the Turkification of the region, and so

must some at least of the culture and lore of

ancient Khwarezm, for it is hard to see the commanding

figure of Biruni, a repository of so much knowledge,

appearing in a cultural vacuum.


AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

He was sympathetic to the Afrighids, who were

overthrown by the rival dynasty of Ma'munids in 995CE.

Leaving his homeland, he left for Bukhara, then under

the Samanid ruler Mansur II the son of Nuh.

There he also corresponded with Ibnu Sina (Avicenna) and there are

extant exchanges of views between these two scholars


AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

For 3 years he travelled throughout Persia, learning from

scholars about numerous subjects.

When he finally settled in Jurjan (modern Gorgan) in

998CE, he worked for the local ruler, Shams al-Ma’ali

Qabus.

For the next 10 years, he lived in this small northern Iranian city,

doing research, writing books, and learning more. During this time, he

wrote a monumental work that analysed historical chronologies of

ancient civilizations, along with the rise and fall of empires.


AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

The book foreshadowed his future as a scholar of

numerous subjects. It is more than just a history book,

as it brings history, science, astronomy, and cultural

studies together to explain events of the past.

Al-Biruni clearly became one of the foremost minds of

his day through his work in Jurjan.


AL-BIRUNIAL-BIRUNI

In 1017CE, Mahmud of Ghazni took Rey. Most

scholars, including al-Biruni, were taken to Ghazni, the

capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty.

Biruni was made court astrologer and accompanied

Mahmud on his invasions into India, living there for a

few years.

Biruni became acquainted with all things related to India. He may even

have learned some Sanskrit. During this time he wrote the Kitab

ta'rikh al-Hind, finishing it around 1030CE.

Abu amed Mu ammad ibn Mu ammad Ḥ ḥ ḥAbu amed Mu ammad ibn Mu ammad Ḥ ḥ ḥ

al-Ghazali (ALGAZALE) al-Ghazali (ALGAZALE) began to receive began to receive

instruction in instruction in FIQHFIQH (Islamic jurisprudence) (Islamic jurisprudence)

under illustrious scholars of the time until under illustrious scholars of the time until

he assumed a very high scholarship in Islam.he assumed a very high scholarship in Islam.

Later he was immersed into Sufism for which Al-Ghazali Later he was immersed into Sufism for which Al-Ghazali

contributed significantly to the development of a systematic view contributed significantly to the development of a systematic view

of of TASAWWUFTASAWWUF and its integration and acceptance in mainstream and its integration and acceptance in mainstream

Islam. He was also well versed in Greek philosophy and refuted Islam. He was also well versed in Greek philosophy and refuted

several of the views which was held by the Mu’tazilite of his time. several of the views which was held by the Mu’tazilite of his time.

AL-GHAZALIAL-GHAZALI


Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn

Rushd (AVERROES). Rushd (AVERROES). His education followed a His education followed a

traditional path, beginning with studies traditional path, beginning with studies

in in hadithhadith, linguistics, jurisprudence (, linguistics, jurisprudence (FIQHFIQH) )

and scholastic theology and scholastic theology (‘(‘ILM UL-KALAMILM UL-KALAM). ).

The earliest biographers and Muslim chroniclers speak little about The earliest biographers and Muslim chroniclers speak little about

his education in science and philosophy; where most interest from his education in science and philosophy; where most interest from

Western scholarship in him lies; but note his propensity towards the Western scholarship in him lies; but note his propensity towards the

law and his life as a jurist (law and his life as a jurist (QADHIQADHI). ).

IBNU RUSHDIBNU RUSHD


It is generally believed that It is generally believed that Ibn Rushd Ibn Rushd was was

influenced by the philosophy of influenced by the philosophy of Ibn Bajjah Ibn Bajjah

((AVEMPACEAVEMPACE), and perhaps was once tutored ), and perhaps was once tutored

by him. His medical education was directed by him. His medical education was directed

under under Abu Jafar ibn Harun Abu Jafar ibn Harun of Trujillo. of Trujillo.

His aptitude for medicine too was noted by his contemporaries and His aptitude for medicine too was noted by his contemporaries and

his major enduring work his major enduring work Kitab al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb Kitab al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb ((GeneralitiesGeneralities), ),

together with another book (on together with another book (on ParticularsParticulars) written by ) written by Abu Marwan Abu Marwan

Ibn ZuhrIbn Zuhr, became the main medical textbooks for physicians in the , became the main medical textbooks for physicians in the

Jewish, Christian and Muslim worlds for centuries to come.Jewish, Christian and Muslim worlds for centuries to come.

IBNU RUSHDIBNU RUSHD


Although essentially these scholars are scholars of the Deen,

yet their eclectic exposure motivated them to expand and

profoundly learnt other sciences which their learning paths

had exposed them to.

The concept of “ITQAN ” and the principle would be adhered

to in their “learning culture / discipline”.

WHAT CAN BE LEARNTWHAT CAN BE LEARNT


To understand this, refer to Adab of students in Imam

Ghazali’s “Ihya ‘ulumuddeen” Kitaab al- ’ilm”)

“Every matter (knowledge, skill, etc.), for which an obligation

cannot be fulfilled except by (possessing) it (i.e. knowledge

and skill), its acquisition is (therefore) obligatory (waajib).”

- An Islamic principle.


From the preceding background that has been explained, From the preceding background that has been explained,

our next pertinent and relevant question is …. our next pertinent and relevant question is ….

“ “ CAN WE MUSLIMS, DO CAN WE MUSLIMS, DO

SOMETHING ABOUT IT, NOW ? ” SOMETHING ABOUT IT, NOW ? ”


TO BE CONTINUED INSHA-ALLAH