[slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2014)-#7 ...

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 7LESSON # 7

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH BAB- ‘BAB- ‘AL-SWOLAH’

Performance of devotional prayersPerformance of devotional prayers(Basis for reflection)(Basis for reflection)

Updated 6 Deceember 2014

From the previous classes, you would have been familiar with

the methodology of studying fiqh in Islam, especially on the

importance of going back to the basis (dalil).

Therefore in future, my slides/ hand-outs will not contain

elaborate explanations, but will be brief but with emphasis on

basis (therefore you are to give special attention to practice,

and to memorize) on the explanation and these basis - Qur'an

or Hadith (especially those which I painstakingly provide with –

or without - the transliteration to ease those new converts).


LAA – HAU-LA - WA-LAA LAA – HAU-LA - WA-LAA QUW-WATA IL-LA BIL-LAAHQUW-WATA IL-LA BIL-LAAH

‘‘There is no strength nor power There is no strength nor power except with Allexcept with Allaah.’h.’


““(Establish you) (Establish you) SwolahSwolah (in the way or manner which) (in the way or manner which)

you see me (do the) you see me (do the) swolahswolah.”.”

((Hadith narrated by Bukhary and MuslimHadith narrated by Bukhary and Muslim))


““Whoever practices (in this religion) a practice Whoever practices (in this religion) a practice which is which is

not based upon what we have commanded (AMRUNA), not based upon what we have commanded (AMRUNA),

that practice is rejected.” that practice is rejected.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and AhmadHadith reported by Bukhary and Ahmad))


““Whoever innovates (bring about a new ways)Whoever innovates (bring about a new ways)

in our affairs (of religion) in our affairs (of religion)

which has no basis (from its teachings)which has no basis (from its teachings),,

it is rejected.” it is rejected.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and AhmadHadith reported by Bukhary and Ahmad))


“O You who believe ! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger,

and those charged with authority from among you.”

(Qur’an : An-Nisa’ : 4 :59)


““Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: (meaning) in it:

those are those are the ones whom Allah has guidedthe ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones, and those are the ones

endued with understanding.” endued with understanding.”

((Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18))


In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the

school of school of FiqhFiqh of of al-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idrisal-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris

ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.aash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a.. here in this region, the practices in this here in this region, the practices in this

manual / lesson on manual / lesson on FIQHFIQH matters, shall subscribe and be in matters, shall subscribe and be in

conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (madzhabmadzhab). ).

Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (tasamuhtasamuh) towards ) towards

other other madzaahibmadzaahib and and ikhtilaafikhtilaaf (differences of opinion) amongst (differences of opinion) amongst

Islamic scholars. Islamic scholars.

The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted

are the, are the, Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e and and Hanbali.Hanbali.


FOUR ASPECTS/CATEGORIES:FOUR ASPECTS/CATEGORIES:

[1] QOLBIYYAHQOLBIYYAH – Heart/Mind– Heart/Mind [2] FI’-LIY YAH FI’-LIY YAH – Action / Postures– Action / Postures [3] QAW-LIYYAHQAW-LIYYAH – Recitations– Recitations [4] TARTIB - In the right order- In the right order


RUKUN QOLBIY-YAHRUKUN QOLBIY-YAH

ESSENTIAL PERTAINING TO THE HEART/ MIND


“Niyyat” Intention can be defined as “the presence of purposeful will

for any act in the person’s heart or mind; accompanying that action”. If

it was only present before that act, Scholars of the Shafi’-ie madzhab

differentiate this latter state with the term “ ’Azam” (Resolve) and not

“Niyyat” (Intention).

As pertaining acts of devotion (worship), which is directly related to

“obedience and submission” to Allah, that purpose or intent must be,

purposely and consciously carried out for the sake of Allah s.w.t.


It is also in the “niyyat” that particular or specific acts of devotions

are differentiated from other of the same genre. Example, in Swolah,

difference between what is obligatory devotions (Fardh) from that

which is recommended or supererogatory (Mandub or recommended);

amongst the obligatory Swolah which is differentiated by the names

(Zuhr, ‘Asr etc.) and the number of Raka’at (cycle of movements); and

as regard one’s role in congregational prayer, whether one intends to

be leading or following the leader in the prayer.


What is important is the knowledge and awareness of what kind of

Swolah one is doing, and ensures sincerity in doing it for the sake of

Allah s.w.t.

Text of the intention, composed in Arabic by Fiqh scholars in classical

books are meant to teach us this – unfortunately some blindly adopt

or imitate this, even though they do not understand what it (the

Arabic words that they utter) actually meant.


Note as clarification:

As, “niyyat” is an essential element in swolah, it must be present

(in the heart or mind) at the beginning of the act i.e. present at the

time of the “Takbirat-ul-ihram” (when proclaiming the first

glorification “Allahu-Akbar” [meaning ‘Allah is Greatest’], when one

enters into the state of devotion for swolah). But, it is not required

for one to verbalize it – only to formulate in one’s mind or heart and

in the language that one understands.



Some scholars dislike (as makruh) or some even forbade it as an

offensive innovation the verbalization of such “niyyat” as this was

never the practice of the Prophet s.a.w., nor that of our pious

predecessors (Salaf-us-Solih).



For those who verbalize this to assist themselves (especially those

who are new students just learning to pray), or for teaching others as

to the necessity of its formulation, they should be aware that such

allowance is not the rule in performing swolah – but are done out of a

certain need (or maslahat), and should be discarded when the need

for it ceased. By doing this it is to eradicate the misconception in some

Muslims who mistakenly regarded Niyyat to belong to rukun Qaw-

liyyah, whereas it is QALBIYYAH.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))WaAllahu ‘alam.

““NiyyatNiyyat” ” is to formulate intention in the heart / mind is to formulate intention in the heart / mind

that one is:that one is:

[a] [a] with full consciousness and purposeful; towith full consciousness and purposeful; to

[b] [b] perform a specific act (must be clear of what it is that perform a specific act (must be clear of what it is that

act one is about to do); andact one is about to do); and

[c] [c] the reason for doing it must be solely for the sake the reason for doing it must be solely for the sake

(fulfilling a command – thus striving to gain acceptance (fulfilling a command – thus striving to gain acceptance

of & seeking nearness to) Allah - sincerely. of & seeking nearness to) Allah - sincerely.


This intention must be present at the beginning of This intention must be present at the beginning of

performing the performing the SwolahSwolah (i.e. At the first (i.e. At the first TAKBEERTAKBEER))

It must be in a language which one understands.It must be in a language which one understands.


Thus some examples:Thus some examples:

““O Allah! O Allah! I am performing I am performing thethe obligatoryobligatory SUBUH/FAJRSUBUH/FAJR

prayer (prayer (swolahswolah),), two two rak’aatrak’aat (cycle of bowing),(cycle of bowing), because because

of You (O Allah)of You (O Allah).”.”

OROR

““O Allah! I am performing the obligatory O Allah! I am performing the obligatory ZUHRZUHR prayer prayer

(swolah), four (swolah), four rak’aatrak’aat (cycle of bowing), because of You.” (cycle of bowing), because of You.”


Fajr / SubuhFajr / Subuh

ZuhrZuhr

‘ ‘AsrAsr

MaghribMaghrib

Isha’Isha’

Jumu'ah Jumu'ah (replace Zuhr)(replace Zuhr)

(obligatory for men)(obligatory for men)

2 2 raka'at raka'at (CYCLES OF BOWING)(CYCLES OF BOWING)

4 raka’at 4 raka’at (CYCLES OF BOWING)(CYCLES OF BOWING)





((performed in congregation)performed in congregation)


STAND STANDBOW PROSTRATE PROSTRATESIT

AFTER EVERY TWO CYCLES (RAKA’AT) OR AT THE END OF THE COMPLETED REQUIRED CYCLES SIT

ONE RAKA-’AT


““Verily, action is by intention; and verily the worth (merit) of Verily, action is by intention; and verily the worth (merit) of

that action is (to be measured) in accordance that action is (to be measured) in accordance

with what is intended ... ”with what is intended ... ”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary & MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

“ “NIYYATNIYYAT” (intention) is one of the essential for the validity of ” (intention) is one of the essential for the validity of

SWOLAHSWOLAH and all forms of and all forms of IBAADAHIBAADAH - condition for it being accepted . - condition for it being accepted .

Yet, intention can be defined as : “Formulation in a person’s mind-Yet, intention can be defined as : “Formulation in a person’s mind-

heart, of his conscious action which he is doing, with clarity of its heart, of his conscious action which he is doing, with clarity of its

ruling (ruling (HUKMHUKM) and differentiating it from other actions which may ) and differentiating it from other actions which may

generally be similar, reaffirming the sincerity of purpose to do it for generally be similar, reaffirming the sincerity of purpose to do it for

the sake of Allah seeking nearness to Him. As such, it is the sake of Allah seeking nearness to Him. As such, it is formulated in formulated in

the mind-heart In the language which the person understandsthe mind-heart In the language which the person understands .”.”

Verbalizing it upon the tongue is regarded as “Verbalizing it upon the tongue is regarded as “BID’AH BID’AH ”, since this ”, since this

was not practiced by the Prophet s.a.a.w. was not practiced by the Prophet s.a.a.w.


Yet, to ensure that Yet, to ensure that NIYYATNIYYAT is formulated, our Islamic scholars is formulated, our Islamic scholars

compose the required intention that fulfill the compose the required intention that fulfill the SHAR’IESHAR’IE requirement, requirement,

and this has become a standard instruction in the curriculum which and this has become a standard instruction in the curriculum which

requires the teacher-student to verbalize it. requires the teacher-student to verbalize it.

Some, although having learnt that the intention is in the heart-Some, although having learnt that the intention is in the heart-

mind and not the tongue, still finds it nececssary to verbalizing it as a mind and not the tongue, still finds it nececssary to verbalizing it as a

means to always remind themselves to consider this important means to always remind themselves to consider this important

essential of essential of SWOLAHSWOLAH, especially since in the , especially since in the SHAFI-’IESHAFI-’IE MadzhabMadzhab , ,

intention must be present at the beginning of the act.intention must be present at the beginning of the act.


So, the So, the SHAR-’IESHAR-’IE ruling ( ruling (HUKMHUKM) on verbalizing ) on verbalizing NIYYATNIYYAT (which (which

although technically is a although technically is a BID’AHBID’AH), depends of many factors:), depends of many factors:

[1] [1] If by not verbalizing it, the required intention is not present in the If by not verbalizing it, the required intention is not present in the

person’s mind at the start of person’s mind at the start of SWOLAHSWOLAH, which therefore rendering it , which therefore rendering it

invalid, then to do so - verbalize - is invalid, then to do so - verbalize - is WAJIBWAJIB (obligatory). (obligatory).

[2] [2] For those who do not verbalize it but are able to formulate it in For those who do not verbalize it but are able to formulate it in

their heart-mind is conforming to the Sunnah, this is their heart-mind is conforming to the Sunnah, this is highly highly

recommended.recommended.




[3] [3] Some, like the Some, like the ImamImam (prayer leader), choose to verbalize it as a (prayer leader), choose to verbalize it as a

continuous instruction to the congregation – many of whom may still continuous instruction to the congregation – many of whom may still

require reminders. The ruling for this can be optional (require reminders. The ruling for this can be optional (HARUSHARUS), or ), or

recommended (recommended (MUSTAHABMUSTAHAB) or even obligatory () or even obligatory (WAJIBWAJIB).).

[4] [4] For those who knows how to formulate in the heart-mind, it is For those who knows how to formulate in the heart-mind, it is

dislike (dislike (MAKRUHMAKRUH) for them to verbalize aloud without apparent ) for them to verbalize aloud without apparent

reason-necessity for doing so.reason-necessity for doing so.




[5] [5] To regard or assert the view that verbalizing To regard or assert the view that verbalizing NIYYATNIYYAT specifically specifically

for Swolah (upon the tongue) has been practiced by the Prophet for Swolah (upon the tongue) has been practiced by the Prophet

s.a.a.w, is sheer ignorance.s.a.a.w, is sheer ignorance.

WALLAAHU A’LAMWALLAAHU A’LAM


RUKUN FI’-LIYYAHRUKUN FI’-LIYYAH

ESSENTIAL PERTAINING TO ACTIONS OR POSTURES

TO BE ADOPTED



From ‘Imran ibn Hussain r.a. reported: “I had some physical problem, so I asked the Prophet s.a.a.w. about the prayer :

The Prophet s.a.a.w. said: ‘(SWOLAH) Pray standing, if you are

unable to, (then) pray sitting; if you are not able to, (then) pray

[while lying] on your side.”

(Hadith related by Bukhary)


The Prophet s.a.a.w. said, "When you stand for the prayer

(SWOLAH), say ‘Takbir’ and then recite from the Qur'an what

you know and then bow with calmness till you feel at ease,

then rise from bowing till you stand straight. Afterwards

prostrate calmly till you feel at ease and then raise (your

head) and sit with calmness till you feel at ease and then

prostrate with calmness till you feel at ease in prostration and

do the same in the whole of your prayer.“

(Hadith reported by Bukhary)


Abu Humaid r.a. said: I am more informed than any of you regarding the prayer offered by the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) ) Then he mentioned a part of it, and said:


“He then bowed and placed his hands upon his knees as if he caught

hold of them; and bent them, keeping (his arms) away from his sides.

He them prostrated himself and placed his nose and forehead (on the

ground); and kept his arms away from his side, and placed his palms

(on the ground opposite his shoulders; he then raised his head that

every bone returned to its proper place; (he then prostrated twice)

until he finished this prostrations) … “

(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud)



“ … Then he sat down and spread out his left foot, putting

forward the front of his right foot towards the Qiblah placing

the palm of his right hand on his right knee, and the palm of

his left hand on his left knee, and he pointed with his finger.”

(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud)


39All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))



TO BE ADOPTED



The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) ) said: "I have been commanded to prostrate

on seven bones: on the forehead"- and he pointed with his hand-

"on the nose, the hands, the knees and the ends of the feet.“

(Hadith related by An-Nasa-i)

49

Prostration is where 7 parts touches the floor – which are:Prostration is where 7 parts touches the floor – which are:The 2 feet with toes upright , 2 knees, 2 palm of hands , The 2 feet with toes upright , 2 knees, 2 palm of hands , and the face (part of forehead with nose )lightly touching.and the face (part of forehead with nose )lightly touching.




TO BE ADOPTED




TO BE ADOPTEDAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

RUKUN QAWLIY-YAHRUKUN QAWLIY-YAH

ESSENTIAL PERTAINING TO THE RECITATION



From ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a. narrated that the Prophet s.a.a.w. said:


“The key to swolah (prayer) is purity. What puts one in an

inviolable state (“Tahrim” i.e. enter a state of devotion

where certain things become forbidden) is the ‘Takbir’ (the

first glorification of “Allahu-akbar”), and the ‘Tahleel’ (i.e.

exiting out of the devotion from what is forbidden to now

become permissible ) is the ‘Tasleem’ (saying the ‘Salam’).”

(Hadith reported by ash-Shafi’ie, Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Ibn

Majah and Tirmidzi)

From ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a. narrated that the Prophet s.a.a.w. said:

ALLAA-HU - AK-BARALLAA-HU - AK-BAR

““Allah is Greater “Allah is Greater “(.. than anything that anyone can conceive) (.. than anything that anyone can conceive)


BIS-MIL-LAA-HIR-ROBIS-MIL-LAA-HIR-ROHH-MAA-NIR-RO--MAA-NIR-RO-HHEEM EEM

In the Name of Allah, Most Compassionate, In the Name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful Most Merciful


AL-AL-HHAM-DULIL-LAA-HI ROB-BIL- ‘AA-LA-MEEN AM-DULIL-LAA-HI ROB-BIL- ‘AA-LA-MEEN

All praises belongs to Allah, Lord (Sustainer) of all All praises belongs to Allah, Lord (Sustainer) of all the worlds.the worlds.


AR-ROAR-ROHH-MAA-NIR-RO--MAA-NIR-RO-HHEEMEEM

Most Compassionate, Most Merciful Most Compassionate, Most Merciful


MAA-LI-KI YAU-MID-DEEN MAA-LI-KI YAU-MID-DEEN

Master of the Day of JudgementMaster of the Day of Judgement


IY-YAA-KA - NA’-BU-DU IY-YAA-KA - NA’-BU-DU WA-IY-YAA-KA-NAS-TA-’EEN WA-IY-YAA-KA-NAS-TA-’EEN

To You (Alone) we worship, To You (Alone) we worship, and to You (Alone) we ask for helpand to You (Alone) we ask for help


IIHH-DI-NASw - SwI-RAA-TwAL- MUS-TA-QEEM-DI-NASw - SwI-RAA-TwAL- MUS-TA-QEEM

Do guide us along the Straight PathDo guide us along the Straight Path


SwI-RO-TwAL-LA-DzEE-NA – AN- ‘AM-TA SwI-RO-TwAL-LA-DzEE-NA – AN- ‘AM-TA ’’ALAY-HIMALAY-HIM

The path of those whom you bestowed favoursThe path of those whom you bestowed favours


GHOY-RIL – MAGH- DUU-BI – ‘ALAY-HIMGHOY-RIL – MAGH- DUU-BI – ‘ALAY-HIMWA-LADw - DwAAA-L-LEENWA-LADw - DwAAA-L-LEEN

Not the path of those whose portion is Your Wrath Not the path of those whose portion is Your Wrath (anger), and not of those who go astray(anger), and not of those who go astray


AA-MEENAA-MEEN * *

(Grant me this request!)(Grant me this request!)

* This is mustahab (sunnat) * This is mustahab (sunnat)


AT-TA-AT-TA-HHI-YAA-TUL - MU-BAA-RA-KAA-TUS-Swa-LA-I-YAA-TUL - MU-BAA-RA-KAA-TUS-Swa-LA-WAA-TUT- TwAY-YI-BAA-TU – LIL-LAAHWAA-TUT- TwAY-YI-BAA-TU – LIL-LAAH

All greetings and all Blessings, and all Salutations All greetings and all Blessings, and all Salutations that are good, is for Allahthat are good, is for Allah


AS-SA-LAA-MU- ‘ALAY-KA – AY-YU-HANAS-SA-LAA-MU- ‘ALAY-KA – AY-YU-HANNA-BIY-YU – WA-RANA-BIY-YU – WA-RAHH-MA-TULLAA-HI -MA-TULLAA-HI

WA-BA-RO-KAA-TUHWA-BA-RO-KAA-TUH

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and with the Mercy Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and with the Mercy and the Blessings of Allahand the Blessings of Allah


AS-SA-LAA-MU- ‘ALAY-NAA – AS-SA-LAA-MU- ‘ALAY-NAA – WA-’ALAA- ‘IBAA-DIL-LAA-HIS-WA-’ALAA- ‘IBAA-DIL-LAA-HIS-

SwO-LI-SwO-LI-HHEENEEN

Peace be upon us, and upon all the righteous Peace be upon us, and upon all the righteous servants of Allahservants of Allah


ASH-HADU – AN- LAA-ILAA-HA IL-LALLAAHASH-HADU – AN- LAA-ILAA-HA IL-LALLAAHWA-ASH-HADU – AN-NA- MUWA-ASH-HADU – AN-NA- MUHHAM-MADAR –AM-MADAR –

ROSUU-LULLAAHROSUU-LULLAAH

I bear witness, that there is no god except AllahI bear witness, that there is no god except AllahAnd I bear witness, that Muhammad is the And I bear witness, that Muhammad is the

Messenger of AllahMessenger of Allah


ALAA-HUM-MA – SwOL-LI- ‘ALAA- ALAA-HUM-MA – SwOL-LI- ‘ALAA- MUMUHHAM-MAD, WA-’ALAA- AM-MAD, WA-’ALAA-

AA- LI- MUAA- LI- MUHHAMMADAMMAD

O Allah, bestow (Your) Salutations and prayers upon Muhammad and upon the family of

Muhammad


AS-SA-LAA-MU – ‘ALAY-KUM AS-SA-LAA-MU – ‘ALAY-KUM WA-RAWA-RAHH-MA-TUL-LAAH-MA-TUL-LAAH

** May the Peace and Blessings of Allah May the Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon you (all)be upon you (all)

* Reciting the first SALAM is “Rukun”, * Reciting the first SALAM is “Rukun”, while the second is mustahab (sunnat) while the second is mustahab (sunnat)


RUKUN TARTIBRUKUN TARTIB

ESSENTIAL TO FOLLOW THE WAY OR

MANNER OF SEQUENCE (ORDER) AS

HOW PROPHET MUHAMMAD ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص , PERFORMED THE SWOLAH


SwolahSwolah begins with the first begins with the first “TAKBIR“TAKBIR” ” and and

ends with ends with “SALAAM“SALAAM”, to be perform in state of ”, to be perform in state of

purity. purity.

While performing it, any one of the following While performing it, any one of the following

acts or factors will cause or render the acts or factors will cause or render the SwolahSwolah to to

be deemed as nullified:be deemed as nullified:


1.1. One’s One’s wudhuwudhu’ [ablution] is nullified – such as ’ [ablution] is nullified – such as

when any impurity proceeds from one’s ‘lower when any impurity proceeds from one’s ‘lower

body openings’ e.g. Urine, stool, gas, worm or body openings’ e.g. Urine, stool, gas, worm or

much vomiting - the much vomiting - the swolahswolah itself would be itself would be

invalidated. The invalidated. The wudhu’wudhu’ has to be re-taken has to be re-taken

before doing the before doing the swolahswolah all over again. all over again.


2.2. Talking will render the Talking will render the swolahswolah invalid. But, if invalid. But, if

need be out of urgent necessity, certain ways of need be out of urgent necessity, certain ways of

communication allowed e.g. a mistake by the communication allowed e.g. a mistake by the

ImamImam (prayer leader) may be corrected by those (prayer leader) may be corrected by those

behind him with saying behind him with saying ““sub-Haa-nAllaahsub-Haa-nAllaah” ”

aloud; amongst ladies by tapping the back of her aloud; amongst ladies by tapping the back of her

hands to signal, etc.hands to signal, etc.


3.3. Making too much movement other than what is Making too much movement other than what is

required in required in swolahswolah. “. “Too muchToo much” is defined as ” is defined as

““three or more consecutive movements of any three or more consecutive movements of any

major limbsmajor limbs.” .”

Exceptions, when there is urgency, such as tending Exceptions, when there is urgency, such as tending

to something which cannot be delayed - as long as to something which cannot be delayed - as long as

one do not talk while tending to these emergency.one do not talk while tending to these emergency.


4.4. Drinking, eating, chewing or smoking while Drinking, eating, chewing or smoking while

praying will render the praying will render the swolahswolah null and void. null and void.

5.5. Turning the chest away from the direction of the Turning the chest away from the direction of the

Qiblah Qiblah (i.e. towards the (i.e. towards the Ka’abaKa’aba in Makkah) will in Makkah) will

invalidate the invalidate the swolahswolah


6.6. Changing the Changing the niyyatniyyat / intention from doing one / intention from doing one

type of type of swolahswolah into another e.g. While into another e.g. While

performing obligatory (performing obligatory (fardhufardhu) swolah, changing ) swolah, changing

it to one that is recommended (it to one that is recommended (nawafilnawafil, , sunnatsunnat)), ,

etc.etc.


7.7. Committing breach of (or lacking in) any of the Committing breach of (or lacking in) any of the

following following ArkaanArkaan (essentials) viz.: (essentials) viz.:

Intention (Intention (niyyatniyyat) at the start of swolah) at the start of swolah

All postures – standing, bowing, prostrating and All postures – standing, bowing, prostrating and

sittingsitting




The required pause (The required pause (tuma’ninahtuma’ninah) while assuming ) while assuming

a particular posture or position.a particular posture or position.

The correct order or sequence (The correct order or sequence (tartibtartib).).




Essential recitations: Essential recitations:

(a) (a) Takbira-tul-Ihram Takbira-tul-Ihram (b) (b) Surah Al-FatihahSurah Al-Fatihah

(c) (c) Tasha-hudTasha-hud with with SalawatSalawat (d) (d) SalaamSalaam..


8.8. When the When the ““aurataurat” ” (i.e. parts of the body that (i.e. parts of the body that

requires covering) becomes exposed – e.g. For requires covering) becomes exposed – e.g. For

man the area between the navel and the knees; man the area between the navel and the knees;

for woman, any parts of her body other than her for woman, any parts of her body other than her

face and hands up to her wrists. But if the face and hands up to her wrists. But if the

exposure is brief, and one is able to immediately exposure is brief, and one is able to immediately

rectify (cover it), then this is excused.rectify (cover it), then this is excused.


* These are some of them. Please refer to books for more recommended recitations.


WAJ-JAH-TU WAJ-HIYA – LIL-LADZEE – WAJ-JAH-TU WAJ-HIYA – LIL-LADZEE – FA-TWA-RASSA-MA – WAA-TI WAL- AR-DWAFA-TWA-RASSA-MA – WAA-TI WAL- AR-DWA

HHA-NEE-FAM – MUS-LIMAN – WA – MAAA-NEE-FAM – MUS-LIMAN – WA – MAAANA-MINAL – MUSH- RI-KEEN ANA-MINAL – MUSH- RI-KEEN **


EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1


‘‘I have turned my face sincerely in submission, I have turned my face sincerely in submission,

towards He who has brought forth the heavens and towards He who has brought forth the heavens and

the Earth and I am not of those who associate the Earth and I am not of those who associate

(others with All(others with Allaah). h). **


EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1


IN-NAS-SWO-LAA-TEE, WA-NU-SU-KEE,IN-NAS-SWO-LAA-TEE, WA-NU-SU-KEE,WA-MAWA-MAHH-YAA-YAA, WA-MA-MAA-TEE-YAA-YAA, WA-MA-MAA-TEE

LIL-LAA-HI – ROB-BIL-’AA-LA-MEENLIL-LAA-HI – ROB-BIL-’AA-LA-MEENLAA-SHA-REE-KA-LA-HU, WA-BI-DZAA-LI-KALAA-SHA-REE-KA-LA-HU, WA-BI-DZAA-LI-KA

UMIR-TU, WA ANA-MI-NAL - MUS-LIMEEN UMIR-TU, WA ANA-MI-NAL - MUS-LIMEEN **


EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1


““Verily, my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are Verily, my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are

for Allfor Allaah, Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with h, Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with

this I am commanded and I am of the Muslims.this I am commanded and I am of the Muslims.**


EXAMPLE # 1

EXAMPLE # 1


SUB-SUB-HHAA-NAKALLAA-HUM-MAAA-NAKALLAA-HUM-MAWA-BI-WA-BI-HHAMDI-KA, WA-TA-BAA-RAKAS-AMDI-KA, WA-TA-BAA-RAKAS-

MU-KA, WA-TA-’AA-LA – JAD-DU-KA,MU-KA, WA-TA-’AA-LA – JAD-DU-KA,WA-LAA-ILAA-HA – GHOY-RUKA WA-LAA-ILAA-HA – GHOY-RUKA **


EXAMPLE

# 2


‘Glory (How perfect You are) O Allah, and I praise You.

Blessed be Your name, and lofty is Your position and

none has the right to be worshipped except You.’**


EXAMPLE

# 2


SUB-HAA-NA – ROB-BI-YAL -’AZEE-M SUB-HAA-NA – ROB-BI-YAL -’AZEE-M **WA-BIWA-BIHHAM-DIHAM-DIH

Glory be [i.e. how perfect] is my Lord, Glory be [i.e. how perfect] is my Lord, Most Esteem!Most Esteem!

And to Him be PraiseAnd to Him be Praise



SAMI-’ALLAA-HU LIMAN SAMI-’ALLAA-HU LIMAN HHAMIDAH AMIDAH **ROB-BANAA- WA-LAKAL-ROB-BANAA- WA-LAKAL-HHAMDAMD

Allah hears those who praises Him,Allah hears those who praises Him,O our Lord” And to You is the Praises.O our Lord” And to You is the Praises.



SUB-SUB-HHAA-NA – ROB-BI-YAL –A’- LAA AA-NA – ROB-BI-YAL –A’- LAA **WA-BIWA-BIHHAM-DIHAM-DIH

Glory be [i.e. how perfect] is my Lord, Glory be [i.e. how perfect] is my Lord, Most High!Most High!

And to Him be PraiseAnd to Him be Praise



ROB-BIGH-FIR-LI, WAR –ROB-BIGH-FIR-LI, WAR –HHAM-NI, AM-NI, WAJ-BUR-NI, WAR-FA’-NI, WAR-ZUQ-NI ,WAJ-BUR-NI, WAR-FA’-NI, WAR-ZUQ-NI ,

WAH-DI-NI, WA-’AA-FI-NI, WA’-FU-’AN-NI WAH-DI-NI, WA-’AA-FI-NI, WA’-FU-’AN-NI **



My Lord! Forgive me, have Mercy upon me, My Lord! Forgive me, have Mercy upon me, enrich me, raise me in rank, enrich me, raise me in rank, provide for me, guide me, provide for me, guide me,

grant me health, and erase my sins.grant me health, and erase my sins.



ALLAA-HUM-MA SWOL-LI - ‘ALA – MUALLAA-HUM-MA SWOL-LI - ‘ALA – MUHHAMMADAMMADWA ‘ALA- AA-LI MUWA ‘ALA- AA-LI MUHHAM-MADAM-MAD

* * KA-MAA – SWOL-LAI-TA ‘ALAA- IB-RA-HEE-MA KA-MAA – SWOL-LAI-TA ‘ALAA- IB-RA-HEE-MA WA ‘ALA- AA-LI IB-RA-HEEMWA ‘ALA- AA-LI IB-RA-HEEM**

* * This is mustahab (sunnat) This is mustahab (sunnat)


O Allah, O Allah, bestow Your Salutations and prayers upon Muhammad, Muhammad,

and upon the family of Muhammad, and upon the family of Muhammad, ** just as You have saluted and just as You have saluted and

prayed upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahimprayed upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim**



* * WA-BAA-RIK - ‘ALA – MUWA-BAA-RIK - ‘ALA – MUHHAMMADAMMADWA ‘ALA- AA-LI MUWA ‘ALA- AA-LI MUHHAM-MADAM-MAD

KA-MAA – BAA-RAK-TA- ‘ALAA- IB-RA-HEE-MA KA-MAA – BAA-RAK-TA- ‘ALAA- IB-RA-HEE-MA WA ‘ALA- AA-LI IB-RA-HEEMWA ‘ALA- AA-LI IB-RA-HEEM

IN-NA-KA IN-NA-KA HHA-MEE-DUM-MA-JEED A-MEE-DUM-MA-JEED **

* * This is mustahab (sunnat) This is mustahab (sunnat)


* * “O Allah, bless (sanctify) Muhammad, and upon “O Allah, bless (sanctify) Muhammad, and upon

the family of Muhammad, just as You have blessed the family of Muhammad, just as You have blessed

(sanctify) Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim for You (sanctify) Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim for You

are the Praiseworthy, the Mighty!. are the Praiseworthy, the Mighty!. **



ALLAA-HUM-MAH – DI –NEE – FEE –MAN – HA-DA -IT ALLAA-HUM-MAH – DI –NEE – FEE –MAN – HA-DA -IT


O Allah, make me amongst those whom You have guided


WA – ‘AA – FI – NEE – FEE – MAN - ‘AA-FA -IT WA – ‘AA – FI – NEE – FEE – MAN - ‘AA-FA -IT


Make me amongst those You have made healthy (well-being)


WA – TA – WAL – LA-NEE – FEE-MAN – TAWAL – LA - IT WA – TA – WAL – LA-NEE – FEE-MAN – TAWAL – LA - IT


And include me amongst those whom You befriend (and protect)


WA – BAA-RIK – LEE – FEE – MAA – A’ – TWA - IT WA – BAA-RIK – LEE – FEE – MAA – A’ – TWA - IT


And bless me in all that which You have granted me


WA-QI-NEE – BI-RAWA-QI-NEE – BI-RAHH-MA-TI-KA – SHAR-RA –MAA – QO - DA-IT -MA-TI-KA – SHAR-RA –MAA – QO - DA-IT


And protect me, with Your Mercy,

from the evil that exists by Your Decree


FA – IN – NA-KA – TAQ – FA – IN – NA-KA – TAQ – DWDWEE – WA – LAA – YUQ- EE – WA – LAA – YUQ- DWDWAA- ‘A-LA-IKAA- ‘A-LA-IK


For You alone can command (pass judgment) and

none can command (pass judgment) upon You


IN- NA – HU - LAA –YA – DZIL – LU – MAN – WAA – LA - ITIN- NA – HU - LAA –YA – DZIL – LU – MAN – WAA – LA - IT


Surely whosoever You befriend (and protect),

is never dishonoured (nor humiliated)


WA – LAA – YA – ‘IZ – ZU - MAN – ‘AA – DA - ITWA – LAA – YA – ‘IZ – ZU - MAN – ‘AA – DA - IT


Whereas whoever You have taken as enemy

shall never taste honour (glory)


TA – BAA – RAK – TA – ROB – BA – NAA – WA – TA – ‘AA – LA - ITTA – BAA – RAK – TA – ROB – BA – NAA – WA – TA – ‘AA – LA - IT


You are the Blessed, Our Lord Sustainer,

the Most Exalted


FA-LA – KAL – FA-LA – KAL – HHAM – DU – ‘A-LAA – MAA – QO – AM – DU – ‘A-LAA – MAA – QO – DWDWA - ITA - IT


To You belongs all the praises upon all that

You have decreed


WA – AS – TAWA – AS – TAGHGH – FI – RU – KA – WA – A – TUU – BU – ILA-IK – FI – RU – KA – WA – A – TUU – BU – ILA-IK


And I seek Your forgiveness and I repent to

You (of all my sins)


WA – WA – SWSWOL –LALLAA-HU ‘ALAA – SAI-YI-DINAA – OL –LALLAA-HU ‘ALAA – SAI-YI-DINAA – MUMUHHAM - MA-DI-NIN – NA BIY-YIL – UM-MEE – WA – ‘ALAA – AM - MA-DI-NIN – NA BIY-YIL – UM-MEE – WA – ‘ALAA –

AA – LI-HI – WA – AA – LI-HI – WA – SWSWOOHH – BI - HI – WA – SAL-LAM – BI - HI – WA – SAL-LAM


And may Salutation of Allah be upon our leader Muhammad, the Unlettered

prophet, and upon his family and companions and upon them all be peace


ALLAA-HUM-MAGH-FIR-LEE – MAA – QOD – DAM –TU – WA – MAA – ALLAA-HUM-MAGH-FIR-LEE – MAA – QOD – DAM –TU – WA – MAA –

AAKHKH – – KHKHAR – TU – WA- MAA – AS-RAR –TU – WA – MAA – A’ – LAN -TUAR – TU – WA- MAA – AS-RAR –TU – WA – MAA – A’ – LAN -TU


O AllO Allaah, forgive me for those sins which have come to pass as well as those h, forgive me for those sins which have come to pass as well as those

which shall come to pass, and those I have committed in secret as well as which shall come to pass, and those I have committed in secret as well as

those I have made public,those I have made public,

# 1


WA – MAA – AN-TA – A’ – LA-MU – BI-HI – MIN – NEE – WA – MAA – AN-TA – A’ – LA-MU – BI-HI – MIN – NEE –

AN-TAL – MU –QOD – DI – MU – WA – AN-TAL - MU – AAN-TAL – MU –QOD – DI – MU – WA – AN-TAL - MU – AKHKH- - KHKHI –RU I –RU

LAA – ILAA – HA – IL-LA - ANTALAA – ILAA – HA – IL-LA - ANTA


and where I have exceeded all bounds as well as those things about which and where I have exceeded all bounds as well as those things about which

You are more knowledgeable. You are You are more knowledgeable. You are Al-MuqaddimAl-Muqaddim and and Al-Mu-akhkhirAl-Mu-akhkhir. .

None has the right to be worshipped except You.None has the right to be worshipped except You.

# 1


ALLAA-HUM-MA – IN-NEE – A – ‘UU-DZU-BI-KA – MIN ALLAA-HUM-MA – IN-NEE – A – ‘UU-DZU-BI-KA – MIN

‘‘A -DZAA- BIL - QABRI – WA – MIN – ‘A- DZAA-BIN - NAARA -DZAA- BIL - QABRI – WA – MIN – ‘A- DZAA-BIN - NAAR


O AllO Allaah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, h, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave,

And from the torment of the Hell-Fire, And from the torment of the Hell-Fire,

# 2


WA – MIN – FIT-NA – TIL – MAWA – MIN – FIT-NA – TIL – MAHH – YAA – WAL – MA – MAAT – YAA – WAL – MA – MAAT

WA – MIN - SHAR – RI - FIT – NA-TIL – MA – SEE – WA – MIN - SHAR – RI - FIT – NA-TIL – MA – SEE – HHID – DAJ - JAALID – DAJ - JAAL


And from the trials and tribulations of life and death And from the trials and tribulations of life and death

and from the evil affliction of Al-Maseeand from the evil affliction of Al-Maseehh Ad-Dajj Ad-Dajjaal (the Antichrist).l (the Antichrist).

# 2


ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QANWAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A

WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAANWAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH

““O Allah! Make us to see the Truth to be true O Allah! Make us to see the Truth to be true and grant us ability to follow it.and grant us ability to follow it.And make us see Falsehood to be false and grant us the ability to And make us see Falsehood to be false and grant us the ability to reject it.”reject it.”

IMPORTANT DU’AIMPORTANT DU’A

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