[slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2015)-#6 e-responding-islamaphobia-regardg-islamic-law-(16-may-2015)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 6 eLESSON # 6 e

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH CONTEMPORARY DA’WAH ISSUECONTEMPORARY DA’WAH ISSUE

RESPONDING TO ISLAMAPHOBIARESPONDING TO ISLAMAPHOBIA[1] Marital ‘rape’ [2] ‘Barbaric’ Law [3] Female ‘discrimination’ [1] Marital ‘rape’ [2] ‘Barbaric’ Law [3] Female ‘discrimination’

(a continuation)(a continuation)

Updated 16 MAY 2015

PARTPART # 2 # 2((20152015))

SHORT CLASS OPEN DISCUSSION


IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.

Break into 3 groups (male), 3 group (female) Each side, a group to choose one topic from the 3 listed (specifically to prepare write-up):

[1] Marital ‘rape’ [2] ‘Barbaric’ law [3] Female ‘discrimination’

DISCUSS AND PREPARE REBUTTAL AGAINST THESE MISCONCEPTIONS – (one topic will be chosen to be presented in class – and commented)

Guidelines:1. Utilize your knowledge to first derive understanding of the cause of

the misconception; nature of the problem (CONTEXT)2. Clarify with basis, the Islamic position regarding the issue discussed;

its principles, raisons d'être, wisdom etc. (MAQASID)3. Present response from perspective of Islam providing the best

solution to current problem (MAU-IZA-TIL-HASANAH)


CHECK THE ‘FACTS-DATA’ PRESENTED

Source and veracity?

Partial or complete?

What is the context?

Consistency or with possible discrepancy

CHECK ARGUMENT USED

Fallacious arguments?

Alien standard used?

Relevance?

AN-NASEEHAH – Sincere Advice

: How to dispel misconceptions?

By correcting these

inherent flaws, the

picture will become

clearer, false

arguments refuted

and INSHA-ALLAH

the misconceptions

will be removed.




It is important to check the ‘data’ or ‘facts’ which usually is being

presented as though representing Islam which has led to the

misconception.

Opinions or interpretations (which they use to fault Islam) are usually

opinions, customs or practices of certain Muslims which may not

necessarily be authoritative to represent that of Islam.

Even purported Hadith quoted sometimes may be unverified or

worst, from that which has been rejected (MAR-DUD) categories viz.

‘fabricated’ (MAUDHU’) or ‘weak’ (DHA-IF) , unknown (MAJ-HUL)etc.




Even among difference of opinions (IKHTILAF) regarding a certain

subject amongst Islamic scholars, those who try to attack Islam would

nit-pick and select only the ‘odd’ (SHADZ) or controversial views of

past Islamic scholars which had already been criticized and refuted,

while purposely ignoring to highlight and present the conclusive

opinions already agreed to by consensus of Islamic scholars (RAJIH).

Partial or complete?



Another deceptive method which led misconception is when the

information or data presented is incomplete or partial – ‘cherry

picking’- which thus projected a false image of what Islam is.

Quotations even from Qur’an sometimes are partially presented as

though that was all there is. Those who do not understand the

Qur’anic sciences (ULUM-AL-QUR’AN), usually attempt at trying to

interpret its teaching by such selective (nit-picking) hoping that

people believe their assertion – totally disregarding issue of ‘NASAKH-

MANSUKH’; ‘TAFASEER’; ‘ASBAAB-AN-NUZUL’ etc.

What is the context?



Sometimes, a data or information or statistics etc. has been taken out

of its context, such that a selective ‘interpretation’ (different from

what it was originally meant) is then mischievously asserted.

Although the information, example a quotation may be correct yet its

true intending meaning is purposely suppressed so that it still remains

ambiguous needing ‘interpretation’ designed to put Islam in a bad

light. Only by knowing the context of the quotation can we know what

was intended, thereby exposing the purported ‘flaw’.

Consistency or with possible discrepancy?



Sometimes a ‘fact’ may be inconsistently applied to suit their

suggestion of defects or negativity about Islam. Whereas in other

times the same ‘fact’ has been used which suggest positivity.

Example:

“In the Qur’an, preserving life is so sacred that ‘to kill a person without justification is

like killing all mankind”

In the Qur’an Muslims are instructed to ‘kill all the unbelievers wherever they can be

found.’”

CHECK THE ARGUMENT OR REASONING USED

Fallacious arguments?


Fallacies are defined “as mistakes in belief based on an unsound argument”.

DEFINITION:

There are many different types of such mistakes that can occur.

The following are common types – examples of fallacies, just to

give you an idea.

Types of Fallacious arguments

Appeal to Ignorance

An appeal to ignorance occurs when one person

uses another person’s lack of knowledge on a

particular subject as evidence that their own

argument is correct.


Example:

“Do you know any Hadith or verses from Qur’an that contradict my

opinion on this? So far from my extensive reading and research on

Islam, I have never come across any.”

Appeal to Authority

This type of fallacy is also referred to as argumentum ab

auctoritate (argument from authority). In this case, rather

than focusing on the merits of an argument, the arguer will

try to attach their argument to a person of authority in an

attempt to give credence to their argument.



Example :

“MUIS and the Mufti did has not objected to this, so who are you to

say that this is ‘Haram’ (forbidden)?”

Appeal to Popular Opinion

This type of appeal is when someone claims that an idea or

belief is true simply because it is what most people believe.



Example :

“Don’t be a fanatic fundamentalist ! All my Muslim friends, comrades

and colleagues are not so strict about observing Islamic rules, so why

are you Muslims now so strict?”

Red herring fallacies

A red herring fallacy is an error in logic where a proposition is,

or is intended to be, misleading in order to make irrelevant or

false inferences. In the general case any logical inference based

on fake arguments, intended to replace the lack of real

arguments or to replace implicitly the subject of the discussion.



Attacking the Person

One example of a ‘red herring’ type fallacy, also known as simply

‘Ad Hominem’ or Argumentum ad Hominem (argument against the

man) this is quite a common occurrence in debates and refers to a

person who substitutes a rebuttal with a personal insult.



Example :

“Although he argues his case well, but he was rude and

confrontational and projected very bad Adab.”

Begging the Question

This type of fallacy known as ‘petitio principii ‘ is when what is

essentially the conclusion of the argument is presented as a

premise itself.



Example :

“The reason (of our policy) why female Muslim nurses must remove

their ‘Tudung’ (head scarf -Hijab) is because it is our hospital policy.”

Circular Argument

Like “Begging the question”, this is referred to as Circulus in

Probando, this fallacy is when an argument takes its proof from a

factor within the argument itself in a round about reasoning, which

begins and ends on the same point .



Example :

Q: How do you know that your doctrine is true?

A: Because it is written in this Book! …..

Circular Argument



Q: What makes you believe that that Book is truly from God?

A: Because I have faith in it!

Q: How do you get that faith?

A: Because I read that (same) Book!

Q: But how do you know that that Book is truly from God!?

A: Because I have faith!

Q: But how do you get that faith?

A: I read the Book!!……?

‘Straw man’ Argument

It is when someone presenting the other person’s view dishonestly

(in an argument) through distortion by adding untruth and lie,

suggesting it to be so in a subtle way that it resembles the view, and

then go on to demolished that implied ‘weakness’ in the other

person’s view (which he in fact had added). What he is attacking is in

fact a “straw man” which he himself had created, not the other

person’s view.



‘Correlation Implies Causation’ Fallacy

Otherwise known as Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, this is a

fallacy in which the person making the argument connects two

events which happen sequentially and assumes that one

caused the other.



Example:

“When the rooster crows, the sun rises. Therefore, the rooster

causes the sun to rise.”

False Dilemma/Dichotomy

Sometimes referred to as Bifurcation, this type of fallacy

occurs when someone presents their argument in such a way

that there are only two possible options.



Example:

“If you are not supporting us, then you must be against us.”

“We are not discriminating against Muslims studying here. Parents who

wish to sent their girls in our schools must have their ‘Tudung’ removed. If

they refuse, it is they who is depriving their child from benefiting from our

school system.”

Non Sequitur

A fallacy wherein someone asserts a conclusion that does not

follow from the propositions.



Example:

“ I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As

long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.”

Slippery Slope

Assuming that a very small action will inevitably lead to

extreme and often ludicrous outcomes.



And many more ….

Example:

“ If we allow Muslims girls to wear the ‘Tudung’ in our schools, what

else are they going to ten request from us ? Also it will invite other

religious groups to make their demands on religious grounds too.”


Alien standard used?


Today, many values and standards conveniently accepted by people

(especially the liberal West and mainstream media) are assumed to be

‘universal’ and they insist must be used to judge Al-Islam.

Whereas Islam and many traditional religions held differing values

with its own rationale, philosophy and arguments, but the humanist-

secularist blatantly ignored and suppress from the masses.

Thus when any teachings which are opposed to their standards and

value, they will be seen as wrong or evil whereas firstly, are these

alien standards they held correct? They have to be checked first.


Relevance?


So, we have to always be mindful of the relevance in their use o

arguments, their cherry-picking of so-called ‘facts’ of ‘evidence’ or

‘teachings’ etc.

Sometimes these are deceptively design to deflect us from the issue at

hand. When they are unable to respond to our exposure of their

erroneous assertion, they would then try to cause confusion by

introducing irrelevant issues sometime interjected like bullets hoping

that it would silence us. So we have to be alert, sharp and patient in

exposing these – with trust in Allah SWT as our Helper and protector.


REQUIRED ANALYSIS


Refutation - response

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


““Surely Allah enjoins justice (‘Surely Allah enjoins justice (‘ADLADL ) , kindness ( ) , kindness (IIHHSANSAN) and the ) and the

doing of good to kith and kin (doing of good to kith and kin (ITAA-I-DZI-QURBAITAA-I-DZI-QURBA), and forbids ), and forbids

((YAN-HAAYAN-HAA) all that is shameful () all that is shameful (FAKH-SHAFAKH-SHA), evil (), evil (MUUNKARMUUNKAR) and ) and

oppressive (oppressive (BAGHYIBAGHYI). He exhorts you so that you may be ). He exhorts you so that you may be

mindful. ”mindful. ”

((Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 90Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 90))

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


“O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution

(AL-QISAS) for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for

the slave, and the female for the female.

But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there

should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good

conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy.

But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful

punishment.

And there is for you in (AL-QISAS) legal retribution [saving of] life,

O you [people] of understanding, that you may become righteous.”

(Qur’an: Baqarah : 2: 178)

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


““And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for

an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a

tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives But whoever gives

[up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him[up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And . And

whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it

is those who are the wrongdoers (is those who are the wrongdoers (ZOLIMUUNZOLIMUUN).”).”

((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 45Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 45))

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


“who, when a wrong is done to them, seek its redress.

The recompense of evil is evil the like of it. But he who forgives

and makes amends, his reward lies with Allah. Surely He does

not love the wrong-doers. ”

(Qur’an: Ash-Shura: 42: 39-40)

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


““Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and

[so do] the angels and those of knowledge - [that He is] [so do] the angels and those of knowledge - [that He is]

maintaining [creation] in justice (maintaining [creation] in justice (QISTwQISTw). There is no ). There is no

deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise." deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise."

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 18Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 18) )

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


““YOU who have attained to faith! (QAW-WAA-MEE-NA) Be ever

steadfast in your devotion to Allah, bearing witness to the truth

in all equity (BIL-QISTW); and never let hatred of any-one lead

you into the sin of deviating from justice (‘ADL).

(I’-DILUU) Be just: this is closest to being God-conscious

(TAQWA). And remain conscious of Allah: verily, Allah is aware

of all that you do." ."

((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 8Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 8) )

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


“ Those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and go

about the earth spreading mischief -indeed their recompense is that

they either be done to death, or be crucified, or have their hands

and feet cut off from the opposite sides or be banished from the

land. Such shall be their degradation in this world; and a mighty

chastisement lies in store for them in the World to Come except for

those who repent before you have overpowered them. Know well

that Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.”

(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 33-34)

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


O YOU who have attained to faith! Intoxicants, and games

of chance, and idolatrous practices, and the divining of the

future are but a loathsome evil of Satan's doing:' shun it,

then, so that you might attain to a happy state!

By means of intoxicants and games of chance Satan seeks

only to sow enmity and hatred among you, and to turn

you away from the remembrance of Allah and from

prayer. Will you not, then, desist?'

(Qur’an: Maa-idah : 5: 90-91)

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


And a faction of the People of the Scripture say [to each other],

"Believe in that which was revealed to the believers at the

beginning of the day and reject it at its end that perhaps they

will abandon their religion,”

(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 72)

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH


“A party of the People of the Scripture, the Jews, say, to some

among them, ‘Believe in what has been revealed to those who

believe, that is, the Qur’ān, at the beginning of the day, and

disbelieve, in it, at the end of it, so that they, the believers,

might then turn back, from his [Muhammad’s] religion, and

that they [the believers] will then say: these [Jews] are

knowledgeable and they could only have turned away from it

after accepting it because they know it to be false.”Tafsir al-Jala-layn

(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 72)

(And a party of the People of the Scripture say: Believe in that

which hath been revealed unto those who believe…) [3:72].

Al-Hasan and al-Suddi said: “Twelve rabbis from the Jews of

Khaybar and the town of ‘Uraynah conspired with each other,

saying: ‘Pretend to join the religion of Muhammad at the

beginning of the day and declare your disbelief in it at the end of

the day. Say: ‘We have looked in our Scriptures and consulted our

scholars and found that Muhammad is not genuine; it is clear to

us now that he is lying and that his religion is false’.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi

If you do this, his Companions will doubt their religion. They will

say: these are people of the Book and they are more

knowledgeable than us. They will then abandon their religion and

embrace yours’.

And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse, thus informing His

Prophet Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace, and the

rest of the believers”.

Mujahid, Muqatil and al-Kalbi said: “This was revealed regarding

the qiblah when it was changed toward the Ka‘bah.


The Jews found it hard to accept that they were opposed, and so

Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf and his companions said: ‘Believe in that which

was revealed to Muhammad regarding the matter of the Ka‘bah,

pray toward it at the beginning of the day and then disbelieve in

the Ka‘bah and return toward your qiblah at the end of the day.

They might then say: these are people of the Book and they know

better than us. They might then return to our qiblah’.

Allah, exalted is He, warned His Prophet from the scheming of

these people and informed him about what they were conspiring;

He revealed (And a party of the People of the Scripture say…)”.



NEXT PRESENTATION / DISCUSSION – INSHA-ALLAH

[slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2015)-#6 e-responding-islamaphobia-regardg-islamic-law-(16-may-2015)

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