organizing life’s diversity chapter 17 classification
TRANSCRIPT
ORGANIZING LIFE’S DIVERSITY
Chapter 17 Classification
Classification is… A way of grouping
objects together based on similarities
In the beginning---plants were grouped based on people who ate them—
Edible Non-edible
The history of the Tomato-1820 Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson announced that at noon on September 26, he would eat a basket of tomatoes in front of the Salem NY courthouse—aka “love apple”
Scientists Who Developed Classification
Aristotle: Greek Philosopher
Developed 1st method of classification
Classified into 2 major groups
1. Plants: herbs, shrubs or trees
2. Animals: According to where they lived: land, water or air
Carolus Linnaeus
Methods still used today
Selected physical characteristics based on close relationships of organisms
Plants: based on reproductive structures
Animals: based on evolutionary traits
Carolus Linnaeus
Invented the 2-word naming system to identify species
called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE:
Bi (2) Nomial (name)
Scientific Name:
1. Genus: 1st word: consist of closely related species
2. Species: 2nd word: consist of description of the species.
RULES OF BINOMAL NOMEMCLATURE1. Genus is ALWAYS
capitalized & is 1st
2. Species is ALWAYS lowercase & is 2nd
3. BOTH ARE ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED!!!
Homo sapiens
Felix tigerus
F. leo
F. domestica
Also, it is confusing when a species has more than one common name.
Scientific & Common NamesScientific & Common Names
Many organisms have common names that can be misleading.
Example: a sea horse is a fish, not a horse.
Common Names
Do not tell you how organisms are related or classified
Can be misleading Confusion can occur
when organisms have more than one name
All newly discovered species are given Latin names because it is no longer used
Taxonomy is…
Taxonomy (tak SAH nuh mee) is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics
Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists
Taxonomists
Is a useful tool – if a child has eaten a mushroom & You do not know whether it is poisonous…
Important to the economy- often discover new sources of lumber, medicines & energy…
Dichotomous Key
Organisms can be identified easily by using a dichotomous key
Animals around the world use the same identification system
A key is made up of sets of numbered statements. Each set deals with a single characteristic of an organism, such as leaf shape or arrangement
Using a dichotomous key to identify money!
How are living things Classified?
Felix tigerus
Order of Taxa
A group of organisms is called a taxon (plural, taxa
The smallest taxon is species. Organisms that look alike and successfully interbreed belong to the same species.
The next largest taxon is a genus—a group of similar species that have similar features and are closely related
Mountain lion
Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx rufus, a bobcat, Lynx canadensis, and a mountain lion, Panthera concolor.
Lynx Mountain lion
Bobcat
Taxonomic rankingsTaxonomic rankings
Order of Taxa
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species
Can you remember it this way? King Phillip Came Over For Graduation
Saturday.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Lynx
Lynx rufus
Lynx canadensis
Bobcat Lynx
Introduction to Classification
6 kingdoms of life
6 Kingdoms of Life
Monerans
The Monerans, are cells that lack a nucleus, are microscopic and unicellular
some are chemosynthetic, where others are photosynthetic.
• Most of these environments are oxygen-free.
2 groups of Monerans
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
Protists
Some are plantlike some are animal-
like Some are fungus-
like
Fungi
Unicellular or multi-cellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment
Plants
contain chloroplasts and have cell walls
There are more than 250,000 known species of plants
Animals Animals are
multicellular heterotrophs
Nearly all are able to move from place to place.
Animal cells do not have cell walls