C17 Organizing LifeC17 Organizing Life’’s Diversitys Diversity

A little history:A little history: Aristotle (2000 years ago)Aristotle (2000 years ago)

Plants and animals Plants and animals (2 kingdom system)(2 kingdom system)

Carolus Linnaeus (1750s)Carolus Linnaeus (1750s) Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature

Genus species (Genus species (Canis familaris, Canis lupus)Canis familaris, Canis lupus)http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/images/aristotle.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Carolus_Linnaeus_by_Hendrik_Hollander_1853.jpg/429px-Carolus_Linnaeus_by_Hendrik_Hollander_1853.jpg

Taxonomy (define)Taxonomy (define)

Domain Domain contains contains EukaryoteEukaryote Kingdom Kingdom contains contains AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum Phylum which contains which contains ChordataChordata Class Class which contains which contains MammaliaMammalia Order Order which contains which contains CarnivoraCarnivora Family Family which contains which contains CanidaeCanidae Genus Genus which contains which contains CanusCanus Species Species familarisfamilaris

http://www.findextrawork.co.uk/images/dog_nursery.jpg

http://www.fw.delaware.gov/Info/DogControl.htm

I can’t believe I’m going to say this, but see Wikipedia for examples

How do they figure out what How do they figure out what organism belongs in what group?organism belongs in what group?

Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Biologicaldiverstity/Classification/cladogram_1.gif

Taxonomy Cont.Phylogeny – theorized evolutionary history of a species

Cladistics – closeness of organisms based on similarities of characteristics (organizing a closet)

- classification based on phylogeny(also use of DNA & embryology & morphology)

fur, mammary glands

claws or nails

lungsjaws

feathers

Cladogram

http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Phylogeny.htm

17.2 Intro to Kingdoms of 17.2 Intro to Kingdoms of LIfeLIfe

6 Kingdom System6 Kingdom System ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EubacteriaEubacteria ProtistaProtista FungiFungi PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia

5 Kingdom System5 Kingdom System MoneraMonera ProtistsProtists FungiFungi PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia

3 Domains:

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukarya

Interesting Fact: 99% of Animals areinvertebrates

1% of Animals are vertebrates (fish, amphibs, reps, birds, mams

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

-2 kingdoms-No membrane bound organelle-Ribosomes-Circular chromosomes & plasmid-1/10th the size of euks

-4 kingdoms-Membrane bound organelle-Ribosomes-Linear chromosomes-10X the size of pros

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/slides/life/proeu.gifhttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/other/pro_eu.GIF

Get out Kingdom chartGet out Kingdom chart

Organisms are put into Kingdoms Organisms are put into Kingdoms based on:based on:

Cell typeCell type Cell constructionCell construction Body typeBody type

Unicellular vs MulticellularUnicellular vs Multicellular

NutritionNutritionhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/celltypes.jpg

http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Images/cellwall.jpeg

Students gather general info from text on each Students gather general info from text on each kingdomkingdom

Plants and Animal KingdomsPlants and Animal Kingdoms Cells that Cells that differentiatedifferentiate

““division of labordivision of labor””

Because cells differentiate can organizeBecause cells differentiate can organize TissueTissue OrganOrgan Organ sytemOrgan sytem

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/immunology/graphics/cell.gif

http://stemcells.nih.gov/StaticResources/info/scireport/images/figure42.jpg

Pluipotent vs totipotent