mass street district urban design standards

8/13/2019 Mass Street District Urban Design Standards

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Support Vibrancy

Preserve the IdentityNourish a Sense of Community

Mass Street DistrictUrban Design Standards

December, 2013


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2

Introduction....Moving Forward..

The Mass Street District.......1. Land-Use .........2. Density .....3. Faades ......4. Environmental ...........5. Streetscape ......6. Parking .....7. Signage....

AppendicesA. Glossary of Terms....................B. Diagrams..................C. District Design Review Boards...................

Mass Street District

Urban Design Standards

Prepared forThe City of Lawrence, KansasDecember, 2013

Prepared byMatt Buchanan

M.U.P. Candidate, May 2014School of Architecture, Design & PlanningUniversity of Kansas

Table of Contents

Cover photo provided by D


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Downtown Lawrence is dened by its quaint local bouques and restaurants, walkable tree-

lined streets, live music, art, culture, and historic buildings. This vibrant environment, which

has become ardently cherished by Lawrence residents and visitors, is the product of planners

abilies to employ unique economic development strategies, secure historical district

designaons, and write prudent urban design guidelines. In their success of establishing a

disnct sense of place, planners have created an environment that may become more dicult

to preserve as both populaon and property demand increase over me.

The recent construcon of four mid-rise, mixed-use towers and new proposals for two

addional mixed-use towers demonstrate increased demand for various types of properesdowntown. The pressures to allow new and denser forms of development create several

serious quesons for planners to address. While the mixture of land uses does not conict

with established downtown uses, the density and design of new development are deviaons

from tradional forms of development. These changes to the cherished downtown

neighborhood are viewed by some residents as dangerous threats to the communitys long

established identy.

Lawrencians must ask themselves, should future development be strictly controlled to

preserve downtown as we know it today? Or should developers be given the exibility to

meet property demand and increase vibrancy? This plan addresses this issue by laying out a

clear path forward that protects what Lawrencians love most about their downtown, while

also encouraging appropriate new forms of denser development.

Introduction


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The scale and aestheticsof Figures B and C are in-

compatible with the tradi-tional architectural styles

and forms depicted inFigures D - J. Photos cour-

tesy of Treanor Architects(B, C); Dan Davis, Flickr

(D); and the University ofKansas (E).

In order to address increased prop

and support vibrancy, denser fdevelopment must be allowed in t

The locaon, aesthecs, and func

development, however, should be

in order to preserve the identit

historically characterized downtow

Furthermore, new urban forms sh

to nurture a sense of commu

Therefore, the policies outlined in aimed to ensure the downtown g

that strengthens its cherished cha

Moving

Figure CFigure B

Figure D

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Photo courte

This Mass Street District (Map A) will comprise the enre downtown footprint as w

as well as expand into some residenal areas west of Kentucky Street and south su

Park. The boundaries for this design overlay district were drawn to beer manage

the downtown historic district. All future development and building modicaons

overlay district will be subject to density and design policies that conform and comcontribung properes of the historic district. The districts expansion into nearby

will allow for the controlled and gradual redevelopment of certain properes into

uses, whether mul-family residenal, oce, retail, or mixed uses.

Dening the Mass Street


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Tennesse

e

Massachusetts

NewHam

pshire

Vermont

Kentucky

RhodeIsland

Connecticut

NewYork

12th

9th

11th

10th

8th

7th

6th

Ohio

The Mass Street

District

North

.125 Mi .25 Mi

Figures G - J illustrate the generalcharacteristics that dene the Mass

Street District identity which shouldguide future development

Photographs courtesy of Neil1960,

Flickr (G); Colleen Prohaska (H, I)

and Bob Travaglione (J)

Figure G

Figure I

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1. Land-Use

Goal 1.1: Mixed-UsesPromote a viable mix of uses that promote living, working, and

Policy 1.1.1: Properes shall be used according to the land-uses permi

Policy 1.1.2:Mixed-use development shall provide oce or retail spaclevel, and either mul-family residenal, oce, or retail space on all upp

Goal 1.2: IntensityMinimize any adverse impacts that development or redevelophave on single-family residential neighborhoods surrounding th

Policy 1.2.1:High intensity (greater than 5:1 FAR) commercial or mixebuered by lower intensity (1.25:1 or lower FAR) uses such as green spa

commercial or medium intensity mul-family residenal uses.

Goal 1.3: Downtown LivingEncourage a growing and diverse downtown residential popu

Policy 1.3.1: All future development in the district that exceeds an FAcomprise at least 50 percent mul-family usage.

Policy 1.3.2: All future development in the district that exceeds an FAcomprise at least 50 percent mul-family usage, 50 percent of which m

as aordable housing.

Goal 1.4: Green SpacePreserve existing green spaces.

Policy 1.4.1: Green spaces delineated in Map 1 of this plan shall be pr

and shall connue to be used for public recreaonal purposes.

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Appropriate Land-Uses

Photographs courtesy

of the Universityof Nebraska (1.1);

Fanshare.com (1.2);Auntie Zooie, Flickr(1.3); and The Times

Union(1.4).


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Conne

cticut

NewY

ork

12th

9th

11th

10th

8th

7th

6th

Tennessee

Massa

chusetts

Vermo

nt

Kentuc

ky

Rhode

IslandN

ewHampshire

Ohio

Mass Street DistrictFuture Land-Use Map

North

.125 Mi .25 Mi

Single-Family ResidentialSingle-Family orMulti-Family ResidentialMixed-Use Retail, Office

and/or Multi-FamilyResidentialOffice or RetailGreen Space

InstitutionalMass Street DistrictBoundary

Mass StreeFAR & Lot C

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Goal 2.1: Cohesive DensityCreate a cohesive density pattern that ensures structures are comparable in scale with the contrproperties of Lawrences Downtown Historic District.

Policy 2.1.1:All structures shall abide by the following minimum and maximum height restricons, which are eallowed FAR delineated by Map 2:

a. Structures restricted by a maximum FAR of 0.1:1 shall not exceed one story (12 feet) in height.b. Structures restricted by a maximum FAR of 1.25:1 shall not exceed three stories (36 feet) in height.

c. Structures restricted by a maximum FAR of 5:1 shall be at least two stories (24 feet) in height and shall not

stories (60 feet) in height.

d. Structures restricted by a maximum FAR of 8:1 shall be at least ve stories (60 feet) in height and shall not

(120 feet) in height.

Policy 2.1.2: Maximum building FAR and lot coverage shall abide by the restricons delineated in Map 2.

Policy 2.1.3: Row houses shall be encouraged in residenal areas.

Goal 2.2: Pedestrian Orientated ScaleEnsure retail visibility and support pedestrian-scale development

Policy 2.2.1: All retail, oce, mixed-use or row house properes shall directly abut the sidewalk unless to allowa. Highlight Entrances: A minimum setback of four feet from the sidewalk shall be allowed to highlight entranc

wider sidewalks;

b. Corner Lots: A maximum setback of up to 10 feet from the sidewalk on corner lots shall be allowed to provi

2. Density

Appropriate Densities

Photographs courtesy of Cohodas208c, Flickr (2.1); Chicago Agent

Magazine (2.2); and Amy.arch, Flickr (2.3).

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3


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Goal 3.1: Architectural IntegrityStrengthen neighborhood character by preserving or restoring historic properties and ensurfuture development reects the districts established design principles.

Policy 3.1.1: Alteraons or addions to buildings listed as contribung structures of the Lawrence DownDistrict shall be conducted following The Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatment of Histor

Policy 3.1.2:Materials, massing, colors, and detailing of the original structure shall guide the design of aalteraons of historic structures.

Policy 3.1.3: Historic architectural features of historic buildings shall be retained and repaired, rather ththese features are severely damaged, they shall be replaced with features idencal in appearance to the

Policy 3.1.4: Where buildings within the block face establish regular paern of windows, oor height, odetails, new or remodeled buildings shall remain consistent with these regular paerns.

Policy 3.1.5: Primary exterior building materials for new construcon shall include wood or masonry un

le, or split face alternate course concrete). If panel materials are used, each panel shall not exceed a masquare feet.

Policy 3.1.6: New inll buildings or exterior renovaons shall exhibit only neo-classical architectural fea

Goal 3.2: Pedestrian Oriented WindowsEnsure retail visibility that supports the pedestrian-scale.

Policy 3.2.1: Street level facades, exluding single-family homes, must exhibit a minimum of 60 percent windows. Upper oor facades shall contain a minimum of 40 percent transparent windows. Windows fro

the riverfront shall use transparent, non-reecve and non-nted materials.

Policy 3.2.2: Windows above the rst story shall be vercally proporoned from a 3:2 to 2:1 height to w

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

3. Faades

Appropriate Facades

Photographs courtesy of

Mrs. Mass (3.1, 3.2) andFoutch Bros. (3.3).

Figure 3.3

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Goal 3.3: Pedestrian Orientated DesignPresent visually interesting architectural features and patterns designed to reduce mass and sc

Policy 3.3.1: All faades must have a recognizable "base" consisng of (but not limited to):a. thicker walls, ledges or sills;

b. integrally textured, colored, and paerned materials

d. lighter or darker colored materials, mullions or panels;

e. cornices/caps

f. planters;

g. plinth treatments;

h. commercial property bases shall have display windows which abide by Policy: 3.2.1.

Policy 3.3.2: All faades of buildings greater than four stories in height must have a recognizable "middle" conot limited to):

a. Building middle cap;

b. integrally textured materials which dierenate from the base and top;

c. integrally colored and paerned materials which dierenate from the base and top;

d. lighter or darker colored material that dierenate from the base and top;e. windows which contrast from the base through exposed lintels, sills, shape, and proporons. Overall wa

within for Building Middles shall contain at least 30%, but no more than 60% glazing. A vercal proporo

panes or window openings (3:2 to 2:1 height: width rao) shall be used.

Policy 3.3.3: All faades must have a recognizable "top" consisng of (but not limited to):a. cornice treatments, other than colored "stripes" or "bands" alone, with integrally textured materials

b. sloping roof with overhangs and brackets;

c. stepped parapets.

Policy 3.3.4:Large areas of blank wall shall be avoided by design accents such as windows, panels, pilasters, tor other faade arculaons which will reduce the overall scale appearance.

3. Faades (Continued)

Appropriate Facades

Photographs courtesy ofPlanetware.com (3.4) and

St. Joseph, Missouri, Flickr(3.5).

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5


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Policy 3.3.5: Awnings that overhang windows or entries on street level facades shall be constructed of canvas orheavy cloth, ulizing neutral colors.

Goal 3.4: Building MaterialsBuildings should be made of high-quality and attractive materials

Policy 3.4.1:All building sides, visible from primary and secondary streets must include materials and designcharacteriscs consistent with those on the front. Use of inferior or lesser quality materials for side facades is not

permied.

Policy 3.4.2: Allowed faade building materials include: brick (tradional red-clay colors), stone, stucco, and non-reecve glass (cumulave surface area of less than 40 percent of all exterior walls). The following materials are

expressly prohibited: vinyl siding, reecve glass, asphalt siding, aluminum lap siding, wood siding, corrugated

metal, and siding grade plywood.

Policy 3.4.3: The design of accessory buildings shall reect and coordinate with the general style of architectureinherent in the primary structure for the proposed development.

3. Faades (Continued)

App

Phot

St. JoFlick

comNea

Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7

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Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Goal 4.1: ShadowsAdverse shadow effects caused by multi-story properties should to ensure adequate sunlight.

Policy 4.1.1: A preliminary shadow analysis conducted by a neutral thirdconsultant shall be required for all proposed development greater than 45

analysis shall be considered by the districts design review board to beer

shadows cast upon adjacent properes or public areas pose an unaccepta

Policy 4.1.2: Shadowing shall not be allowed to adversely impact single-residenal districts or green spaces delineated by Map 2.2. Adverse impa

determined by a shadow analysis conducted by a neutral third party cons

Goal 4.2: SustainabilityConstruct an environmentally sustainable built environment.

Policy 4.2.1: Parking structures with open top decks shall integrate photand/or roof gardens to capture storm water runo.

Policy 4.2.2:Buildings shall be permied to integrate photovoltaic panelgardens to capture storm water runo.

Policy 4.2.3: Photovoltaic panels must not be visible from the street.

4. Environmental

Appropriate Environmental Features

Photographs courtesy of Transition Norwich (4.1), andWashington & Lee University (4.2).


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Goal 5.14: Pedestrian AmenitiesEncourage street level activity that embraces art, culture, entertainment.

Policy 5.2.1:Space for outdoor dining, retail, or live music may ocporon of the paved sidewalk provided a minimum 6 wide connu

travel is maintained.

Policy 5.2.2: Bulb-outs shall be provided on every street corner oMassachuses, and New Hampshire streets between 6thand NorthBulb-outs must provide space for sculpture or water feature, trash lighng, bike racks, and planters with ledge seang (8 person minim

Policy 5.2.3: Space for seang shall be provided no more than evecenter (measured per block face)on Vermont, Massachuses, and streets between 6thand North Park streets. Each block face shall prcapacity for at least 25 people, including bulb-out seang. Seang by benches, planter ledges, fountain ledges, or street sculpture.

Policy 5.2.4:Street art shall be permied provided a minimum 6 path of travel is maintained and the street art is approved by the dreview board.

5. Streetscape(Continued)

Appropriate Streetscapes

The vibrancy captured in Figures 5.1 and 5.3 should be replicated along Vermon

Massachuses, and New Hampshire streets between 6 thand North Park streets

achieved through providing ample seang, space for outdoor dining, street perf

and bike/ped amenies. Figures 5.6 through 5.7 should be used as a guide for s

development along the aforemenoned streets. Photos courtesy of Neal1960, FBay Realty Pro (5.4); and Alloveralbany.com (5.5).

Figure 5.3



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Goal 6.2: Structure DesignParking structures will be visually appealing and blesurrounding built-environment.

Policy 6.2.1:Parking structures shall have an external skstandards set forth in secons 2.7 to 2.10.

Policy 6.2.2: Elevator/stair corridors shall be located on corners and be highlighted architecturally.

Policy 6.2.3: The design of public art and lighng shall bstructures architecture to reinforce a unique identy.

Goal 6.1: Parking ArrangementsProvide ample on-street and off-street parking in places thatlimit visibility and congestion as not to undermine the pedestrianexperience.

Policy 6.1.1: Surface lots are prohibited except for residenal properes

(not mixed-use) with fewer than 25 dwelling units.

Policy 6.1.2: Except for on-street parking and the minimum ground-levelfrontage required for access to garages and loading, no parking or loading

shall be visible on the ground oor of any building faade that faces a retail

street. Parking structures shall provide habitable oor area along all retail

street frontages.

Policy 6.1.3: Parking, loading or circulaon located above the groundoor shall be lined by habitable oor area along all street frontages. If the

project developer demonstrates that it is not feasible to line the parking with

habitable space above the ground oor, it shall be integrated into the design

of the building faade, which must abide by all facade regulaons.

Policy 6.1.4: Where parking above the ground oor that is not lined withhabitable space is permied, a maximum of three parking levels fronng on a

public street shall be allowed above the ground oor when FAR requirements

permit.

Policy 6.1.5: Drive-through lanes are not permied.

6. Parking

Appropriate Parking

Photographs courtesy of Peterlfrench, Flickr (6Walker (6.2).



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Policy 7.1.5: Monument signs shall not exceed ve feet insquare feet in area. Monument signs in the public right-of w

interfere with pedestrian movement or visibility along sidew

not block motorists visibility along the sidewalk or roadway

entry driveways and circulaon aisles will not be blocked. M

are prohibited on Vermont, Massachuses, and New Hamps

between 6th

and North Park streets.

Policy 7.1.6: Projecng signs shall not project beyond 4 (6from the building and shall be located at least 25 from othe

signs to maximize visibility and reduce visual cluer. Projec

placed at a 90 degree angle from the building surface and sh

lower than 8 from grade and no higher than the cornice or

Policy 7.1.7: The following types of signs shall be prohibitedistrict: billboards, digital signs, pole signs, portable signs (e

signs listed in policies 7.1.3 and 7.1.4), rooop signs, and an

that ashes, ies, inates, internally illuminates or moves.

Goal 7.1: Pedestrian Oriented SignageSignage type and positioning should suit a pedestrian-orientedenvironment.

Policy 7.1.1:Wall signs shall not exceed 15 percent of the exposed area ofthe wall on which they are located. Wall signs shall not project beyond 6

from the wall surface.

Policy 7.1.2: Hanging signs will be limited to nine square feet in area andmay not project beyond four feet from the building surface. Material used

for fastening or supporng hanging signs will be restricted to metals with

porcelain enamel, stainless steel, brass or bronze nished. Signs shall be

placed between eight and 12 feet above grade

Policy 7.1.3: Temporary window signs shall not exceed 10 percent of thewindow.

Policy 7.1.4: Temporary sandwich board signs (or A-frame signs) shall bepermied as long as they do not interfere with pedestrian movement or

visibility along sidewalks.

7. Signage

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2

Appropriate Signage

Photographs courtesy of Mrs. Mass (7.1) andTranding Co. (7.2).


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Goal 7.3: Signage UniformityPublic signage should unify the district by exhibiting design elements which promote the district identity.

Policy 7.3.1:Light poles, parking meters, banners, street snding markers, paving graphics, and any other form of pu

be unique to the district by exhibing consistent tradionacomplement the districts historic integrity. Public signage s

by the district design review board.

Policy 7.3.2:Public signage idened in Policy 7.3.1 shall design through incorporang neutral colors and one of the

Baskerville Old Face

Bookman Old Style Goudy Old Style

Garamond

Modern No. 20

Calisto MT

Policy 7.3.3: Nonconforming signage replacement shall bve years upon the adopon of this plan.

Goal 7.2: Signage DesignSign quality should complement the district character.

Policy 7.2.1: Monument signs shall be accented with landscaping equalto two square feet for every one square foot of sign face and include a

supporng base composed of allowed building materials listed in Policy

2.10.2.

Policy 7.2.2: Sign materials shall be extremely durable. Permissiblematerials include: painted or carved wood; carved wooden leers; epoxy

leers; galvanized sheet metal; slate, marble, or sandstone; gold leaf; gilt,

painted, stained, or sandblasted glass; clear and colored acrylic; neon; or

stained glass. Paper and cloth signs shall be prohibited for exterior use

(except high quality, weather-resistant canvas for awnings). Wood signs

should be sealed and maintained to prevent deterioraon from moisture.

Policy 7.2.3: All new permanent signs (including awning signs) shall bereviewed and approved by the district design review board, as part of thesign perming process. The board shall approve signs based on whether

they complement or contribute to the district character.

Policy 7.2.4: The Granada Theater and Varsity Theater signs are exemptfrom signage policy due to their unique historical signicance and

contribuon to the overall downtown identy.

7. Signage(Continued)

Appropriate Public Signage

Photographs courtesy of MetroAtlantic (7.3) and South Beach

Street Historic District (7.4).

Figure 7.3

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Adapve Re-Use: conversion of a building into a use other than that for which it was designed,

such as changing a warehouse into a gallery space or housing.

Aordable housing: Rental housing with rents controlled so residents do not have to pay more

than 30 percent of the households annual income.

Animaon: a quality of the built environment which supports sustained acvity throughthe architectural and arsc embellishment of materials and details, the visual and physical

accessibility of interior acvies from the exterior, and the introducon of supporve public

facilies and amenies.

Areas of Archaeological Potenal: Areas favorable with medium or high potenal for the

discovery of archaeological resources. This potenal is based on the presence of a wide range of

geographic and historical features which inuenced past selement. Archaeological potenal is

conrmed through archaeological assessment.

Area of Sign: the total area within the extreme perimeter of the aracon area intended to draw

aenon to the sign, including all open spaces and the supports which the sign rests upon.

Arst: A person who is regularly engaged in the visual, performing or creave arts.

Awning: any structure, such as canvas, projecng from the wall of a building over a window or

entrance.

Barrier-Free Design: building and site design which is accessible to all people, regardless of age

and abilies.

Bay: a vercal division of a faade or a structure division of a building, marked by column

spacing, roof compartments, windows or similar measures.

Boulevard: the poron of land on either side of a street, between the curb and the property line,

and may include sidewalk.

Buer: a strip of land established to provide separaon between land uses and typicallydeveloped as a landscaped area.

Building Envelope: the volume of space that may be occupied by a building, usuall

dimensional requirements such as setback, stepback, permied maximum height,

lot coverage.

Business Improvement Districts (BIDs): geographically dened areas in which prop

to pay an assessment in addion to property taxes to fund cleaning streets, provid

capital improvements, construcon of pedestrian and streetscape enhancements,

area. These services supplement those provided by City government.

Canopy: a permanent xture designed to shelter pedestrians and display goods fro

condions; a xed awning.

Circulaon: movement paerns of pedestrian and vehicular trac.

Compability: the characteriscs of dierent designs which, despite their dierenc

located near each other in harmony, such as scale, height, materials, fencing, land

service areas.

Cornice: an ornamental molding along the top of a wall.

Cultural Heritage Landscape: A dened geographical area of heritage signicance wmodied by human acvies. Such an area is valued by a community, and is of sign

understanding of the history of a people or place.

Digital Sign: sign that displays sll images, scrolling images, or moving images, inclu

animaon, through a series of grid lights, including cathode ray, light eming diod

display, plasma screen, ber opc, or other electronic media or technology, where

changed through electronic means.

Districts: geographic areas of relavely consistent character, such as exhibited in m

neighborhoods and the downtowns.

Elevaon: a drawing showing an external face of a building.

Enclosure (sense of): an experience in which a pedestrian feels sheltered with a se

Buildings, trees, landscaping and street widths are all factors in creang a sense of

Appendix A: Glossary of Terms


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Facades: the exterior wall of a building exposed to public view or that wall viewed by persons

not within the building.

Fenestraon: the arrangement of windows in a building.

Floor Area Rao (FAR): the relaonship between the amount of useable oor area permied in

a building (or buildings) and the area of the lot on which the building stands. It is obtained by

dividing the gross oor area of a building by the total area of the lot.

Focal Point: a prominent structure, feature or area of interest or acvity.

Gable: any basically triangular-shaped, upper part of a building wall, usually under a pitched

roof; somemes upper walls topped with stepped parapets are referred to as gables or stepped

gables.

Gateway: the design of a building, site or landscape to symbolize an entrance or arrival to a

special district.

Hanging Sign: a sign suspended from a building or structure which is perpendicular or parallel to

the facade of the building.

Heritage Conservaon: the acvity undertaken to protect, safeguard, pass on or enhance

heritage resources.

Human Scale: the quality of the physical environment which reects a sympathec proporonal

relaonship to human dimensions and which contributes to the cizens percepon and

comprehension of the size, scale, height, bulk and/or massing of buildings or other features ofthe built environment.

Inll: the placement of new buildings into established built-up urban areas, which usually results

in an increase in the exisng building stock.

Landmarks: buildings, structures and spaces which create disnct visual orientaon points that

provide a sense of locaon to the observer within the neighborhood or district, such as that

created by a signicant natural feature or by an architectural form which is highly disncve

relave to its surrounding environment.

Mass: the combinaon of the three dimensions of length, height, and depth which give a

building its overall shape; a building is oen composed of many masses, hence the term

massing, which is oen used to describe the form or shape of structures.

Mixed Use: a development or area comprised of mixed land uses either in the same building or

in separate buildings on either the same lot or on separate lots or, at a larger scale, in nodes.

Modulaon: variaon in the plane of a building wall, oen used to provide

Monument Sign: an independent structure supported from grade to the b

the appearance of having a solid base.

Parapet: a poron of a wall that projects above a roof.

Pedestrian: all people on foot or moving at walking speed, including those

(wheelchairs, scooters, etc.), persons with strollers and buggies, and frail e

Pedestrian-oriented: an environment designed to make movement by ped

and comfortable for various ages and abilies; consideraons include sepaand auto circulaon, street furniture, clear direconal and informaonal si

visibility, shade, lighng, surface materials, trees, sidewalk width, intersec

cuts, ramps and landscaping.

Pedestrian-oriented Uses: uses which rely on pedestrian trac for the maj

such as retail stores, restaurants, service and repair shops.

Plinth: a vercally faced member immediately below the circular base of a

lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a b

block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the

Pole Sign: A permanent, freestanding sign that is mounted on a pole(s) or

placed on and anchored in the ground or on a base and that is independeother structure.

Preservaon: providing for the connued use of deteriorated old and histo

structure through such means as restoraon, rehabilitaon and adapve r

Projecng Hanging Sign: a sign suspended from or supported from a build

projecng out therefrom more than one six inches.

Public Art: site specic artwork created to enhance and animate publicly a

through arsc interpretaons that range from individual sculpture to inte

and landscape features and treatments.

Public Realm: the public and semi-public spaces of the city, especially the

city from building face to the opposite building face (including the faade,and streets) and open space such as parks and squares.

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Publicly Accessible Spaces: buildings, streets and exterior areas, which may be privately-owned, but

to which the public has access.

Qualied Street Frontage: the width of storefront of a commercial or industrial development fronng

on a major or secondary thoroughfare. In cases of corner or through lots, only one street frontage

may be used as qualied street frontage for purposes of calculang permied sign area.

Renovaon: modernizaon of an old or historic structure which unlike restoraon may not be

consistent with the original design.

Restoraon: accurately recovering the form and details of a building and site as it appeared at a

parcular period of me by means of the removal of later work or by the replacement of missingearlier work.

Reverse Long: lots located adjacent to an arterial or collector road which front onto an internal

street, while the rear yard faces onto the arterial or collector road.

Roof Sign: sign supported by the roof of a building or placed above the apparent at roof or eaves of

a building as viewed from any elevaon.

Rhythm and Paern: relang to materials, styles, shapes and spacing of building elements and the

buildings themselves, the predominance of one material or shape, and its paerns of recurrence.

Right-of-Way: that part of the street space that is publicly owned and lies between the property

lines.

Scale: the sense of proporon or apparent size of a building or building element as crated by the

placement and size of the building in its seng; scale usually applies to how the sense is perceived in

relaon to the size of a human being and refers to the apparent size, not actual size, since it is always

viewed in relaonship to another building or element.

Stepback: a setback of the upper oors of a building which is greater than the setback of the lower

oors.

Storm water Management (SWM): plans and facilies designed to control the quality and quanty of

storm water ows on a site.

Street Furniture: municipal equipment placed along streets, including light xtures, re hydrants,

telephones, trash receptacles, signs, benches, mailboxes, newspaper boxes and kiosks.

Sense of place: the feeling associated with a locaon, based on a unique iden

memorable qualies.

Setback: the horizontal distance from the property line to the face of a buildin

features to a building.

Street-line: the outside line of a required right-of-way or road allowance; the s

line.

Streetscape: the disnguishing elements and character of a parcular street a

degree of curvature, paving materials, design of the street furniture, pedestria

setback and form of surrounding buildings.Surface Parking: Open parking lots which are at ground level.

Tax-Increment Financing: a nancing method which uses the addional taxes g

by a complete development to pay for development costs such as land acquisi

improvements. The dierence between the taxes before the development occ

compleon is referred to as the increment.

Temporary Sign: a banner type sign constructed of a sturdy material, such as ca

rapid deterioraon. Such sign is intended to be displayed for a short period of

Terminang Vista: a building or monument that stands at the end or in the mid

when one is looking up the street the view ends with the site.

Transit: public transportaon services, parcularly bus service.

Transit-oriented or Transit-supporve: the elements of urban form and design

more accessible and ecient, these ranging from land use elements (i.e. loca

housing and commercial uses along transit routes) to design (i.e. street layout

bus roung) and encompassing pedestrian-oriented features as most transit ri

their rides as pedestrians.

Transportaon Development District (TDD): a special taxing district whereby a

of the landowners in an area request either the levy of special assessments or

sales tax of up to 1% on goods and services sold within a given area. Upon cre

municipality, the revenue generated by TDD special assessments or sales tax u

pay the costs of transportaon infrastructure improvements in and around the

Urban Design: the planning and design of cies focusing on the three dimensio

of public and publicly accessible space.


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Ulies: facilies for gas, electricity, telephone, cable television, water and

waste water, overhead and underground power and telephone lines, all re

hydrants, water mains, storm and sanitary sewers.

Vistas: a line of vision, contained by buildings of landscaping, to a building or

other feature which terminates the view.

Waynding: the informaon available to people which they need to nd their

way around the city and can be verbal, graphic, architectural and spaal.

Wall Sign: any sign painted on, aached to or projecng from the wall surface

of a building (including permanent window signs and signs on awnings). A wallsign shall not project above the apparent at roof or eave line as viewed from

all elevaons.

Walkable: A condion of a system of routes which are barrier free, interesng,

safe, well-lit, comfortable and inving to pedestrian travel.

Appendix B: Diagrams

Figure B1 d

Area Rao

depending

and building

expresses t

between th

useable oo

in a buildingand the are

which the b

is obtained

gross oor

by the total

Image court

of Columbia

Figure B1

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Appendix C: District Design Review BoardsThe district design review boards are 15-member, city planning commission appointed boards which areresponsible for protecng the aesthec integrity of their respecve districts. Specically, the boards must approvethe design of any proposed development or redeveloped projects within their parcular districts. The districtdesign review boards are also responsible for approving new signage and selecng public infrastructure featureswithin the district, including all street furniture, waynding systems, street trees, street lighng, and publicparking structure design. The district design review boards are to rely on this plan as their primary guidancemanual.

Three of the vong members are required to come from preservaon-related backgrounds (architecture,architectural historian, historian, landscape architect, and planning). Four of the vong members are requiredto come from a diversity of professions or be lay persons with demonstrated interest, knowledge, and trainingin elds closely related to urban design (architecture, landscape architecture, architectural history, nance, realestate, and urban planning). Finally, at least one vong member must have a law degree with at least someexperience with land-use or urban design.

Mass Street District Design Review Board Representation

Vong Board Members

Downtown Lawrence, Inc. representave

Lawrence Chamber of Commerce representave

Lawrence Convenon & Visitors Bureau representave

Lawrence Arts Center representave

Downtown stake-holding arst

Lawrence Historic Resources Commission representaves (2 members)

District residents (2 members)

District business-owners (2 members)

District property-owners (2 members) Downtown stake-holding lawyer

Non-Vong Board Members

City of Lawrence Planning Department representaves

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mass street district urban design standards

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