optimizing urban network via mass transport

8/14/2019 Optimizing Urban Network via Mass Transport

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$+ 2? ID9$ \+ . JD9$ + (]df evha}kchq I ihm J izf }wc gkufh hchmfazfiqkhg evha}kchq ezco Z. }cZ

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Kh }dkq ochcgzipd, wf iqqvof }df pckh} ce ukfw ce ih kmfil ak}{, wdfzf

}df chl{ gcil kq }c okhkokrf }df }c}il ftpfhqfq ecz }df pfcplf> }dfzfeczf, }dfhvojfz J$q+ qdcvlm jf zfgizmfm bvq} iq i }it }di} pfcplf pi{ }c ach}zkjv}f }c}df acq} ce }df hf}wczn wdfh }df{ vqf k}, ihm }df aiqf J 0, aczzfqpchmkhg}c i qk}vi}kch wdfzf fufz{jcm{ aih vqf }df pvjlka }zihqpcz}i}kch ecz ezff, kq}df qkoplfq} $ihm ocq} acooch kh }df lk}fzi}vzf+ adckaf kh }dkq kmfil qf}}khg(


13/161

= 9 Kh}zcmva}kch

Ih cppcqk}f pckh} ce ukfw, wdfzf }df cwhfz ce }df hf}wczn ikoq }c oitkokrfdkq }c}il khacof j{ adccqkhg i qvk}ijlf pzkakhg pclka{ J, diq jffh q}vmkfmkh ^94_(

Diukhg tfm }df qf} , }df pcpvli}kch wkll hi}vzill{ }z{ }c okhkokrf

k}q ftpfhqfq, }di} kq, pfcplf adccqf }c ocuf ecllcwkhg i }zihqpcz} plih okhkokrkhg

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iochg ill imokqqkjlf }zihqpcz} plihq, ihm wf mfhc}f j{ O N$+ }df zfqpfa/}kuf okhkovo $cz }df khovo ke }df okhkovo kq hc} iadkfufm+( Wf wih} }chm i hf}wczn okhkokrkhg }df }c}il acq} ecz }df pfcplf( Dcwfufz, O N$+kq hc} }df chl{ acq} }c jf achqkmfzfm2 c}dfzwkqf, i hf}wczn ce khhk}f lfhg}dacufzkhg }df wdclf wcvlm jf alfizl{ }df cp}koil adckaf( Wf wkll }dfh ach/

qkmfz ilqc i ufz{ gfhfzil acq} evha}kch DD9$+

ecz }df oikh}fhihaf ce

}df hf}wczn, }di} wkll mfpfhm ch }df lfhg}d D9$+ ce ihm }di} mkufzgfqke }df lfhg}d gcfq }c ( Ecz khq}ihaf, chf aih qf}

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., ke l 8 L ,

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cp} wdkad okhkokrfq O N$+ . DD9

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}dvq okhkokrkhg K$+.DD

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Plih ce }df Ochcgzipd

Kh Adip}fz : wf mfhf }df gfhfzil pzcjlfo qf}}khg wk}dcv} immk}kchil iq/qvop}kchq ch imokqqkjlf hf}wcznq( ]df qkoplfq} aiqf, wdfh kq i pzkczk


14/161

9 Kh}zcmva}kch 6

zfyvkzfm }c jf achhfa}fm, wkll jf achqkmfzfm kh Adip}fz 1, ihm qcof nhcwheia}q ijcv} }dkq pzcjlfo wkll jf zfpcz}fm( Kh }dkq aiqf, j{ i qvk}ijlf vqfce }df Divqmczff achufzgfhaf ch achhfa}fm qf}q, wf qdcw }df ftkq}fhaf ce ihcp}koil hf}wczn( I piz}kavliz qk}vi}kch dippfhq wdfh }df gcil ce }df plihhfz

kq qkopl{ }c }zihqpcz} }df qcvzaf oiqq e. }c i hf}wczn kh }df ocq} ffiakfh}wi{, }di} kq e, khq}fim ce jfkhg i pzkczk tfm, kq adcqfh kh ih cp}koil wi{iochg }df pzcjijklk}kfq wk}d qvppcz} kh ( ]dkq pzcjlfo }dfh aczzfqpchmq}c }df okhkokri}kch ce }df evha}kchil

E$+ 2?

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evha}kchil

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mkq}$t, + me.$t+ 2 , achhfa}fm, D9$+ L

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Ekg( 9(: Cp}koil kzzkgi}kch hf}wcznq ecz L ? 0(6 $lfe}+ ihm L ? 9 $zkgd}+


15/161

5 9 Kh}zcmva}kch

Kh Adip}fz = wf qdcw }di} wk}dcv} ft}zi iqqvop}kchq ch }df evha}kchq I,J ihm D }dfzf oi{ jf hc cp}koil hf}wcznq( ]dfzfeczf, wf kh}zcmvaf i zflitfmufzqkch ce }df pzcjlfo, wdfzf }df qf}q izf zfpliafm j{ Zimch ofiqvzfq, ihmkh piz}kavliz fiad qf} aczzfqpchmq }c }df ofiqvzf D9 ( ]dfh, wf qdcw

}df ftkq}fhaf ce cp}koil zflitfm hf}wcznq, ihm kh piz}kavliz wf pzcuf }di}cp}koil ofiqvzfq ch ce }df eczo ? i$t+D9 ecz i chf/mkofhqkchilzfa}kijlf qf} ihm i Jczfl evha}kch i 2 ^0, 9_ ilwi{q ftkq}( Zcvgdl{qpfinkhg, }dkq ofihq }di} }dfzf kq ih cp}koil }zihqpcz}i}kch hf}wczn achafh/}zi}fm ch i Jczfl qf} , jv} k} diq i pckh}wkqf mfhqk}{ kh ^0, 9_2 }df mfhqk}{9 aczzfqpchmq }c i q}ihmizm ziklwi{, wdfzf acufzkhg i pi}d ce lfhg}d l diqi acq} J

l

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0 p 9 acq}q I

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qkail hf}wczn }di} kq alcqfm cz diq acvh}ijl{ oih{ achhfa}fm acopchfh}q(Kh Adip}fz 5 wf pzcuf }di}, vhmfz qvk}ijlf d{pc}dfqfq, }dfzf kq i aliqqkailcp}koil hf}wczn }di} kq acufzfm j{ i hk}f hvojfz ce Lkpqadk}r avzufq cevhkeczol{ jcvhmfm lfhg}d, fufh ke k} oi{ q}kll diuf khhk}fl{ oih{ $fufhoczf }dih acvh}ijl{ oih{+ achhfa}fm acopchfh}q(

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16/161

Adip}fz :

Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

Kh }dkq adip}fz wf kh}zcmvaf }df hc}i}kch ihm }df pzflkokhizkfq }c zkgcz/cvql{ qf} }df pzcjlfo ce cp}koil hf}wcznq( ]df eczovli}kch kh }df qfhqf ceL( Nih}czcukad, j{ vqkhg }zihqpcz} plihq, k(f( ofiqvzfq ch }df pzcmva} qpiaf , wkll jf pzfqfh}fm }cgf}dfz wk}d i qfachm fyvkuilfh} eczovli}kch wdfzf}df oikh }cclq izf }df qc/aillfm }zihqpcz} pi}d ofiqvzfq }di} izf ofiqvzfq ch}df eiokl{ ce avzufq kh ( ]dkq qffoq }c jf i ufz{ hi}vzil eczovli}kch }di}diq ilzfim{ jffh vqfm kh pzfukcvq pipfzq $qff ecz khq}ihaf ^:=, 56, 5, 64_+ ihm}di} illcwq }c cj}ikh kh i zi}dfz qkoplf wi{ ftkq}fhaf zfqvl}q ihm hfafqqiz{

achmk}kchq ce cp}koilk}{(

:(9 Hc}i}kch ihm Pzflkokhizkfq

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m$9, :+ 2? khe

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17/161

4 : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

ce pi}dq kh wk}d vhkeczol{ jcvhmfm Fvalkmfih lfhg}dq, j{ IqaclkIzrfli]dfczfo chf aih hm i qvad }di} $pcqqkjl{ vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf+h

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kq hc} }zvf( Hc}kaf }di}

hm ? D9

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cz kq i pkfafwkqf achq}ih} evha}kch(Wf mfhf hcw i mkq}ihaf ch wdkad mfpfhmq ch ihm kq gkufh j{ }dflfiq} acq} ce }df pi}dq achhfa}khg }wc pckh}q2 kh qdcz},

m$t, {+ 2? khe~$+ 2 , $0+ ? t, $9+ ? {} ( $:(6+


18/161

:(9 Hc}i}kch ihm Pzflkokhizkfq ;

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: k} kq fiq{ }c qff }di}}df }zkihglf khfyvilk}{ mcfq hc} dclm( Dcwfufz, wdfh I ihm J izf qvjimmk}kuf

evha}kchq, k(f(

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]df }dfqkq aih jf }dfh pzcufm oinkhg vqf ce }df pi}dq k2 qkhafD

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pi}dq k( Aczclliz{ :(:( Ecz ih{ , 8 0 ihm l D9$ +, }dfzf kq i pi}dl, qvad }di}

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19/161

90 : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

l,$0+ ? $0+ , l,$9+ ? $9+ , m$, l,+ < ,

D9$l,+ < D

9$+ . , D9$l, + ? l (

Pzcce( ]dkq ecllcwq fiqkl{ j{ Lfooi :(92 lf} } ^0, 9_ jf qvad }di}

D9$^0, }_+ ? l ,

ihm mfhf 9 }c jf }df zfq}zka}kch ce }c ^0, }_ ihm : }c jf }df zfq}zka}kch ce }c ^}, 9_, qc }di}

? 9 : , D9$9 + ? l (

K} qvfiafq }dfh }c ippl{ Lfooi :(9 }c : ihm }c acopcqf 9 wk}d }df zfqvl}khg

pi}d( Pzcpcqk}kch :(1( ]df evha}kch m 2 Z

. kq ach}khvcvq(

Pzcce( ]dkq kq i achqfyvfhaf ce $:(1+2 }inf $t, {+ ihm i pi}d jf}wffh t ihm { wk}d

$+ < m$t, {+ . (

]dfh, gkufh ih{ pikz $t, {+ , wf aih mfhf i pi}d jf}wffh t ihm{ j{ qf}}khg 2? ecz ih{ adckaf ce pi}dq ihm achhfa}khg t }ct ihm { }c { zfqpfa}kufl{( ]dihnq }c Lfooi :(9, wf oi{ adccqf ihm diukhg D9/hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d ihm lfhg}d lfqq }dih |t t| . ihm |{ {| . zfqpfa}kufl{( Wf khefz }dvq

m$t, {+ $+ ID

9$ \ + . |t t| . |{ {| . :

. JD

9$ +

? $+ . ID

9$ \ + . |t t| . |{ {| . :

ID

9$ \ +

m$t, {+ . . ID

9$ \ + . |t t| . |{ {| . :

I

D

9$ \ +

,

ihm }df vppfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce m ecllcwq qkhaf 8 0 kq izjk}ziz{ ihm I kqach}khvcvq(

Achafzhkhg }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce m, qvppcqf }di} th t, {h {ihm }di} m$th, {h+ m iq h ( ]dkq ofihq }di} }dfzf ftkq} pi}dq hachhfa}khg th }c {h ihm qi}kqe{khg $h+ m( Acopcqkhg iq jfeczf hwk}d qdcz} pi}dq h ihm h achhfa}khg t }c th ihm {h }c { zfqpfa}kufl{, ihmdiukhg

D9$h + ? D

9$h + ? 0 ,

wf hm }df pi}dqh jf}wffh t ihm { qi}kqe{khg

$h+ ? $h+ . ID

9$h \ + .D9$h+ .D

9$h+

ID

9$h \ +

(


20/161

:(9 Hc}i}kch ihm Pzflkokhizkfq 99

Qkhaf $h+ m ihm qkhaf

D9$h+ . D

9$h+ 0 ,

}df achalvqkch ecllcwq keD

9

$h\+ kq vhkeczol{ jcvhmfm, jfaivqf I kq ach/}khvcvq dfhaf vhkeczol{ ach}khvcvq ch acopia} qf}q( I} liq}, keD9$h \ +kq hc} vhkeczol{ jcvhmfm, }dfh

D9$h \ + 8 |t {| . 9

ecz h izjk}zizkl{ lizgf> kh }dkq aiqf, wf acvlm mkzfa}l{ }inf i pi}d alcqf }c}df qfgofh} achhfa}khg t }c { ihm diukhg hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d , qc}di}

$+ ? ID

9

$+

I

|t {| . 9

ID

9

$h \ +

$h+ ,

ihm dfhaf, }df }dfqkq ecllcwq kh }dkq aiqf }cc(

]df pzcjlfo wf wih} }c q}vm{ kq }c hm }df jfq} }zihqpcz}i}kch hf}wczn }c ocuf }df pcpvli}kch ezco }dfkz dcofq }c }dfkz wcznpliafq( ]c qf} }dfpzcjlfo, wf achqkmfz }wc pzcjijklk}{ ofiqvzfq e., e ch mfqazkjkhg }dfmkq}zkjv}kchq ce dcofq ihm wcznpliafq zfqpfa}kufl{( ]df ecllcwkhg hc}kch kqce}fh vqfm kh }zihqpcz}i}kch }dfcz{> }dzcvgdcv} }df ochcgzipd, k 2

, k ? 9, :, q}ihmq ecz }df k}d pzcbfa}kch, ihm ecz i Jczfl oip g 2 T [}df pvqd/eczwizm g! 2 O

.$T+ O.$[+ kq mfhfm j{

g!$I+ 2?

g9$I+

ecz ih{ Jczfl qf} I [ ,

wdfzf O.$R+ kq }df qpiaf ce }df hk}f pcqk}kuf ofiqvzfq ch i gfhfzka qpiafR $qff Ippfhmkt J(9+(

Mfhk}kch :(=( I }zihqpcz} plih kq i pcqk}kuf ofiqvzf O.$ +, }dfoizgkhilq ce wdkad izf e. ihm e, k(f(

9! ? e. , :! ? e

(

Chf aih kh}vk}kufl{ }dkhn }di} $t, {+ kq }df hvojfz ce pfcplf ocukhg ezcot }c {, cz, oczf pzfakqfl{, }di} $A M+ kq }df hvojfz ce pfcplf lkukhg khA ihm wcznkhg kh M ( ]c fiad }zihqpcz} plih wf iqqcaki}f }df}c}il acq} ce }zihqpcz}i}kch iaaczmkhg }c }df eczovli

K$+ 2?

m$t, {+ m$t, {+ ( $:(5+

]df Ochgf/Nih}czcukad cp}koil }zihqpcz} pzcjlfo achqkq}q kh hmkhg i}zihqpcz} plih O.$ + $wdkad kq vqvill{ aillfm cp}koil }zihqpcz}plih+ okhkokrkhg K (


21/161

9: : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

K} kq kopcz}ih} }c hc}kaf }di} }df }zihqpcz} plih gkufq hc pzfakqf kh/eczoi}kch ch dcw }df oiqq kq ocukhg $k(f( wdkad }zibfa}czkfq izf adcqfh ecz}zihqpcz}i}kch+( ]c jf ijlf }c zfacufz qvad ih kheczoi}kch wf wkll oinf vqf ce}df ecllcwkhg mfhk}kch, ilzfim{ vqfm kh ^64_ $i yvk}f qkokliz kmfi wiq ilzfim{

vqfm flqfwdfzf, ecz khq}ihaf kh ^:=, 56, 5_+(

Mfhk}kch :(6( I }zihqpcz} pi}d ofiqvzf $qdcz}l{ }(p(o( kh }df qfyvfl+ kq iofiqvzf O.$+ wk}d }df pzcpfz}{ }di} k}q zq} ihm liq} pzcbfa}kchq izfe. ihm e, k(f(

p0! ? e. p9! ? e

, $:(7+

wdfzf ecz } ? 0, 9 wf mfhc}f j{ p} 2 }df evha}kch p}$+ 2? $}+(

K} kq kopcz}ih} }c vhmfzq}ihm }df ofihkhg ce }df ijcuf mfhk}kch2 zcvgdl{qpfinkhg, ke kq i }(p(o(, }dfh $+ khmkai}fq }df iocvh} ce oiqq }c jfocufm ilchg }df pi}d > oczf pzfakqfl{, $F+ kq }df oiqq ecllcwkhg }df pi}dqach}ikhfm kh F ( ]df ofihkhg ce achmk}kch $:(7+ kq }dfh alfiz, qkhaf p0!ihm p9! izf zfqpfa}kufl{ }df ofiqvzf ezco wdkad q}iz}q ihm }df ofiqvzf}c wdkad k} kq }zihqpcz}fm(

Wf izf hcw ijlf }c mfhf }df }c}il acq} ce }zihqpcz}i}kch iqqcaki}fm }cih{ }(p(o( j{ }df eczovli

A$+ 2?

$+ m$+ ( $:(4+

Ekhill{, wf mfhc}f j{ ON$+ }df khovo ce }df ijcuf acq}q, hiofl{,

ON$+ 2? khe~A$+ 2 kq i }(p(o(} ( $:(;+

]df pvzpcqf ce }dkq ochcgzipd kq }c q}vm{ }df pzcjlfo ce hmkhg }df jfq}pcqqkjlf hf}wczn 2 kh c}dfz wczmq, wf wih} }c hm i qf} diukhg okhk/oil }c}il acq} ce vqigf $mfhfm jflcw+( ]c mc }di}, iq ilzfim{ mkqavqqfm kh

Adip}fz 9, wf achqkmfz i evha}kch D 2 Z. Z ., wdfzf D$l+ zfpzfqfh}q }dfoikh}fhihaf acq} ce i hf}wczn ce lfhg}d D

9$+ ? l( Wf iqqvof ch D }df

hi}vzil achmk}kchq

D kq hchmfazfiqkhg, l(q(a(, D$0+ ? 0 ihm D$l+ iq l ( $:(90+

Ekhill{, }df }c}il acq} ce vqigf ce kq mfhfm j{ }df eczovli

E$+ 2? ON$+ . D

D

9$+

( $:(99+

Cvz gcil kq }c q}vm{ }df pzcjlfo ce okhkokrkhg }df evha}kchil E(


22/161

:(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Cp}koil Pi}dq ihm Zflitfm Acq}q 91

:(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Cp}koil Pi}dq ihm Zflitfm Acq}q

Kh $:(6+ wf mfhfm i mkq}ihaf kh iq }df khovo ce }df acq}q ce }df pi}dqachhfa}khg }wc gkufh pckh}q( Wf qdcw hcw }df pcqqkjklk}{ }c adccqf i Jczfl

qflfa}kch ce pi}dq wdkad diuf ilocq} okhkoil acq}q kh }df qfhqf ce pzcpcqk}kchjflcw(

Pzcpcqk}kch :(5( Ecz ih{ 8 0 }dfzf kq i Jczfl evha}kch y 2 qvad }di} y$t, {+ kq i pi}d achhfa}khg t }c { wk}d

y$t, {+

< m$t, {+ . ( $:(9:+

Pzcce( Ekt i 8 0 ihm lf} ~tk} jf i hk}f qf} ce pckh}q kh qvad }di}

J$tk, + (

Lf} }dfh Akb jf pikzwkqf mkqbckh} Jczfl qf}q acufzkhg , fiadach}ikhfm kh J

$tk, tb+, :

( Hcw, gkufh k, b, lf} kb jf i pi}d achhfa}khg

tk }c tb ihm diukhg i acq} okhkoil vp }c ih fzzcz , }di} kq

$kb+ < m$tk, tb+ . (

Wf aliko }di} }df achalvqkch ecllcwq ke ecz fufz{ t }dfzf kq i Jczfl oip

t 2 J$t, :+

qvad }di} t${+ kq i pi}d jf}wffh t ihm { wk}d lfhg}d lfqq }dih = ihm

diukhg D9hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d ( Khmffm, mfhkhg ch fiad Akb }dfevha}kch y j{ }df eczovli

y$t, {+ 2? tk$t+ kb tb ${+

$wdfzf $}+ 2? $9 }++, chf diq }di} y kq i Jczfl evha}kch> oczfcufz, ke kqqvfiakfh}l{ qoill, chf gf}q $:(9:+ j{ }df ach}khvk}{ ceI( K} qvfiafq }dfzfeczf }cpzcuf }df ftkq}fhaf ce qvad ih t $cjqfzuf }di} Lfooi :(9 ilzfim{ pzcukmfq ioip qi}kqe{khg ill }df zfyvkzfm achmk}kchq ftafp} ecz }df Jczfl pzcpfz}{+( Ecz}dkq pvzpcqf, wf jfgkh mfhkhg t${+ iq }df lkhf qfgofh} jf}wffh t ihm {(

Qkhaf kq zfa}kijlf, qvad i qfgofh} diq D9/hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d vhlfqq { kq ach}ikhfm kh chf ce acvh}ijl{ oih{ zimkk ~Zn}nH ce }df jillJ$t, :+( Ecz fiad n H, adccqf izjk}zizkl{ i }wc/mkofhqkchil dileplihf nach}ikhkhg Zn ch k}q jcvhmiz{> }dfh, ecz { Zn, mfhf t${+ iq }df dileakzalf bckhkhg t }c { ihm l{khg ch n( Izgvkhg iq jfeczf, k} kq alfiz }di} qvad

i pi}d diq D9/hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d ftafp} ecz acvh}ijl{ oih{pckh}q { Zn( Ekhill{, ecz fiad ce }dfqf li}}fz {, j{ Lfooi :(9 wf oi{izjk}zizkl{ qflfa} i pi}d t${+ achhfa}khg t }c { wdkad kq qdcz}fz }dih = ihm


23/161

9= : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

diq D9hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d ( ]df zfqvl}khg evha}kch t diq }dfzfyvkzfm pzcpfz}kfq ihm qc }df pzcce kq acoplf}fm(

Aczclliz{ :(7( Ecz ih{ 8 0 }dfzf kq i Jczfl evha}kch y 2

qvad }di} y

$t, {+ kq i pi}d achhfa}khg t wk}d { ihm qi}kqe{khg

D9$y$t, {++ |{ t| . , D

9$y$t, {+ + ? 0 (

Pzcce( Achqkmfz }df aiqf wdfh

I$q+ ? q , J$q+ ? mkio . :

ecz fufz{ q 8 0( J{ Lfooi :(9 k} kq alfiz }di} m$t, {+ ? |{ t| ihm }di}

$+ ? D9$+ wdfhfufz D9$ + ? 0( Ippl{ hcw Pzcpcqk}kch :(5 }c hm

i oip y qvad }di}

$y$t, {++ < m$t, {+ . ? |{ t| . (

KeD

9$y$t, {+ + 8 0 ,

}dfh$y

$t, {++ mkio . : 8 |{ t| . ,

ihm }dkq gkufq i ach}zimka}kch( ]dvq,

D9$y$t, {+ + ? 0

ihm, iq i achqfyvfhaf,

D9$y$t, {++ ? $y

$t, {++ < |{ t| . >

dfhaf }df }dfqkq ecllcwq(

Wf qff hcw ih ftioplf, qdcwkhg }di} }df khovo kh $:(6+ oi{ jf hc} iokhkovo, ihm }di} oi{ jf hc} lcwfz qfokach}khvcvq(

Ftioplf :(4( Lf} jf }df jill kh Z: afh}fzfm i} }df czkgkh ihm wk}d zimkvq:, lf} ? ^0, 9_ ~0}, I$}+ ? } ihm J$}+ ? :}> lf} oczfcufz ihm h jf }dfpi}dq achhfa}khg $0, 0+ }c $9, 0+ gkufh j{

$}+ 2? $}, 0+ , h$}+ 2?

},

9 |:} 9|

h

(

]dfh chf diq }di} h achufzgfq }c kh $, m+, $+ ? :, wdklf $h+ 92}dfzfeczf, kq hc} l(q(a( Oczfcufz, k} kq alfiz }di}

m

$0, 0+, $9, 0+

? 9 ,


24/161


jv} $+ 8 9 ecz fiad pi}d achhfa}khg $0, 0+ ihm $9, 0+( Dfhaf, }dfkhovo kh $:(6+ kq hc} i okhkovo(

Qkhaf kq hc}, kh gfhfzil, l(q(a(, wf acopv}f hcw k}q zflitfm fhuflcpf

wk}d tfm fhmpckh}q,

$+ 2? khe

lko kheh

$h+ 2 h$0+ ? $0+, h$9+ ? $9+, h

( $:(91+

Hc}kaf }di} , ihm }di} }df khovo kh $:(91+ kq i okhkovo( ]dihnq}c }df q}ihmizm pzcpfz}kfq ce zflitfm fhuflcpfq $qff ^95_+, wf izf illcwfm }czfwzk}f $:(6+ cj}ikhkhg

m$t, {+ ? khe

$+ 2 , $0+ ? t, $9+ ? {

( $:(9=+

Pzcpcqk}kch :(;( ]df evha}kch 2 Z. kq l(q(a(

Pzcce( Lf} vq }inf h kh 2 }dfh, wk}dcv} lcqq ce gfhfzilk}{, wf oi{iqqvof

|h$0+ $0+| 9

h, |h$9+ $9+|

9

h(

Ecllcwkhg $:(91+, wf adccqf h diukhg }df qiof fhmpckh}q iq h ihm qvad}di}

m$h, h+ 9

h, $h+ $h+ .

9

h( $:(96+

]inf hcw, iaaczmkhg }c Lfooi :(9, }wc pi}dq h ihm h achhfa}khg $0+

wk}d h$0+ ihm h$9+ wk}d $9+ zfqpfa}kufl{, wk}d }df pzcpfz}kfq

D9$h \ +

:

h, D9$h \ +

:

h,

D

9

$h + ? 0 , D

9

$h + ? 0 (

$:(95+

Mfhf }dfh h 2? hhh, qc }di} ~h}hH kq i qfyvfhaf ce pi}dq achhfa}khg$0+ }c $9+ wdkad q}kll achufzgfq }c ( Ecz ih{ h H, j{ $:(96+ ihm $:(95+wf diuf

$h+ ? ID

9h \

. JD

9h

? ID

9h h h \

. JD

9h

$h+ . ID9

h \

. =#h

I

D9

h \

$h+ . 9#h . I

D

9h \ . =#h

ID

9h \

(


25/161


Qkhaf }df pi}dq ~h} diuf vhkeczol{ jcvhmfm lfhg}dq, j{ }df vhkeczo ach}k/hvk}{ ce I kh }df jcvhmfm kh}fzuilq ihm j{ $:(91+ wf khefz

$+ lkokheh

$h+ lko kheh

$h+ ,

qc }df pzcce kq acoplf}fm(

Aczclliz{ :(90( ]df l(q(a( fhuflcpf ce kh $, m+ kq (

Pzcce( ]df l(q(a( fhuflcpf ce kh $, m+ kq lcwfz }dih , iq i mkzfa}achqfyvfhaf ce }df mfhk}kch $:(91+( Ch }df c}dfz dihm, k} kq }df gzfi}fq} l(q(a(evha}kch lcwfz }dih , }dvq k} kq ilqc gzfi}fz }dih j{ Pzcpcqk}kch :(;(

Aczclliz{ :(99( ]df khovo kh $:(9=+ kq ia}vill{ i okhkovo(

Pzcce( Lf} vq adccqf t ihm { ihm }inf i okhkokrkhg qfyvfhaf h ecz $:(9=+2 ke}df Fvalkmfih lfhg}dq ceh $pcqqkjl{ vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf+ izf jcvhmfm, }dfh}df zfqvl} koofmki}fl{ ecllcwq ezco }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce ihm j{IqaclkIzrfli ]dfczfo( C}dfzwkqf, qkhaf diq hk}f lfhg}d, k} wcvlm ecllcw}di}

lko qvpD9$h \ + ? >

kh }dkq aiqf, }inf i pi}d bckhkhg t }c { wk}d D9hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kchwk}d ihm wk}d hk}f lfhg}d2 qkhaf I kq hchmfazfiqkhg, }dkq pi}d pzcukmfq

}df okhkovo kh $:(9=+(

Oczf pzfakqfl{, wf qff }di} chf aih qcofdcw piqq }c }df lkok} kh Pzcpc/qk}kch :(5( ]dzcvgdcv} }df ochcgzipd, wf wkll aill gfcmfqkaq }df pi}dq qvad}di}

$+ ? m

$0+, $9+

(

Aczclliz{ :(9:( ]dfzf kq i Jczfl evha}kch y 2 qvad }di} y$t, {+kq i pi}d achhfa}khg t }c { wk}d acq}

y$t, {+

? m$t, {+(

Pzcce( Vqkhg }df aliqqkail zfqvl}q kh ^:4_, k} kq qvfiakfh} }c qdcw }di} }df qvjqf}G ce gkufh j{ }df gfcmfqkaq kq alcqfm ihm }dfzf kq i} lfiq} chf flfofh} ceG achhfa}khg ih{ acvplf ce pckh}q kh ( ]df qfachm eia} ecllcwq ezcoAczclliz{ :(99, wdklf }df alcqfmhfqq ce G kq i mkzfa} achqfyvfhaf ce }df lcwfzqfokach}khvk}{ ce ihm ce }df ach}khvk}{ ce m(

Lfooi :(91( Ecz ih{ 8 0, }dfzf kq i Jczfl evha}kch 2 qvad}di} ecz ih{ chf diq

$+

$0+ ? $0+ ,

$+

$9+ ? $9+ , m$$+, + ,

D9$$++ D

9$+ . , $$++ $+ . (


26/161


Pzcce( Cvz izgvofh} kq yvk}f qkokliz }c }df chf kh Pzcpcqk}kch :(52 tfmL 8 0 ihm tfm izjk}zizkl{ i pi}d wk}d D9$+ L, wf nhcw j{mfhk}kch ce }df ftkq}fhaf ce i pi}d wk}d

$0+ ? $0+ , $9+ ? $9+ , m$, +

= ,

D9$+ D

9$+ .

=, $+ $+ .

=(

$:(97+

Wf }inf hcw i hvojfz #4 qvad }di}

I$q . =+ I$q+

:

ecz ih{ 0 q L, wdkad kq pcqqkjlf j{ }df ach}khvk}{ ce I> oczfcufz, qkhaf

}df Fvalkmfih lfhg}d ihm }df oip izf l(q(a(, wf aih ilqc iqqvof }di} kqqc qoill }di}

D

9$+ D9$+

=,

$+ $+

=,

wdfhfufz m$, + ( $:(94+

Ke wf aih mfhf i Jczfl evha}kch 2 J$, + iq kh }df aliko ce }dkqaczclliz{, }dkq wkll qdcw }df }dfqkq2 khmffm, qkhaf }df qvjqf} L ce oimf j{}df pi}dq ce Fvalkmfih lfhg}d jcvhmfm j{ L kq acopia}, k} aih jf acufzfm j{

i hk}f hvojfz ce jillq J$k, k+, qc }di} wf khefz }df ftkq}fhaf ce i Jczflevha}kch 2 L iq kh }df aliko> hill{, k} kq koofmki}f }c achalvmf}df }dfqkq acufzkhg wk}d acvh}ijl{ oih{ qf}q Lk ecz i qfyvfhaf Lk (Qvooizkrkhg, wf aih zfq}zka} cvz i}}fh}kch }c i jill J$, +(

Mfhf hcw }df Jczfl evha}kch 9 2 J$, + iq

9$+ 2? y

$0+, $0+

,

wdfzf y kq iq kh Aczclliz{ :(72 }dfh 9$+ kq i pi}d achhfa}khg $0+ wk}d

$0+ qvad }di}

D9$9$+ + ? 0 , D

9$9$++ |$0+ $0+| . : ( $:(9;+

Qkoklizl{, wf lf} : 2 J$, + }c jf i Jczfl evha}kch qvad }di} :$+ kqi pi}d achhfa}khg $9+ wk}d $9+ qi}kqe{khg

D9$:$+ + ? 0 , D

9$:$++ : > $:(:0+

Wf hill{ mfhf $+ 2? 9$+ :$+2 j{ achq}zva}kch, }df oip

J$, + $+


27/161


kq Jczfl> oczfcufz,

$$0++ ? $0+ , $$9++ ? $9+ (

Kh immk}kch, okhmkhg $:(9;+, $:(:0+ ihm $:(97+, wf gf}

m$$+, + m$$+, + . m$, + . m$, + : .

=. < (

Igikh j{ $:(9;+, $:(:0+, $:(97+ ihm $:(94+ chf diq

D9$$++ = . D

9$+ = .

=. D9$+ D

9$+ . (

Ekhill{, j{ $:(9;+ ihm $:(:0+ wf nhcw }di}

D9$$+ + ? D

9$ +

qc }di} igikh $:(9;+ ihm $:(:0+, }cgf}dfz wk}d $:(97+ ihm $:(94+, {kflm

$$++ ID

9$ \ + . =

. JD

9$ +

$+ . ID

9$ \ + . =

ID

9$ \ +

$+ .

: $+ .

1

= $+ . 2

dfhaf, }df pzcce kq acoplf}f(

Hcw, gfhfzilkrkhg $:(4+, qf}

A$+ 2?

$+ m$+ ( $:(:9+

Pzcpcqk}kch :(9=( ]df ecllcwkhg fyvilk}kfq dclm

kheA$+ 2 kq i }(p(o( ? okh ~K$+ 2 kq i }zihqpcz} plih}? okh

A$+ 2 kq i }(p(o(

? O N$+

( $:(::+

Jfeczf gkukhg }df pzcce, wf pckh} cv} }df ecllcwkhg zfoizn(

Zfoizn :(96( ]df fyvilk}{ $:(::+ fhqvzfq }df ftkq}fhaf ce i} lfiq} chf cp}koil}zihqpcz} plih cp} ihm chf }(p(o( cp} cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c A , wdkadqi}kqe{ }df fyvilk}{ K$cp}+ ? A$cp}+( Ch }df c}dfz dihm, }df khovokh $:(::+ hffmq hc} }c jf iadkfufm2 ecz khq}ihaf, bvq} achqkmfz }df qk}vi}kch ceFtioplf :(4 wk}d e. 2? $0,0+ ihm e

2? $9,0+(

Achafzhkhg }df fyvilk}{ jf}wffh }df }wc okhkoi kh $:(::+, kh piz}kav/liz, ke cp} kq ih cp}koil }zihqpcz} plih }dfh y!cp} kq ih cp}koil }(p(o(,wdfzf y kq mfhfm kh Aczclliz{ :(9:( Achufzqfl{, ke cp} kq ih cp}koil }(p(o(}dfh $p0, p9+!cp} kq ih cp}koil }zihqpcz} plih, wdfzf p0 ihm p9 izf iq khMfhk}kch :(6(


28/161

:(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Cp}koil Pi}dq ihm Zflitfm Acq}q 9;

Pzcce $ce Pzcpcqk}kch :(9=+( Ekzq} ce ill, hc}f }di} }df qf} ce ill }zihqpcz}plihq kq i jcvhmfm ihm wfinl{ alcqfm qvjqf} ce O.$ +> dfhaf, k} kqwfinl{ acopia} j{ }kgd}hfqq $qff Ippfhmkt J(9+( Oczfcufz, K kq i ach}kh/vcvq evha}kch ch O$ + wk}d zfqpfa} }c }df wfin }cpclcg{ }dihnq }c

Pzcpcqk}kch :(1( ]dfzfeczf, }df ftkq}fhaf ce qcof cp}koil }zihqpcz} plih kqq}zikgd}eczwizm(

Gkufh hcw i }(p(o( , chf aih achq}zva} }df iqqcaki}fm }zihqpcz} plih ? $p0, p9+!, ihm ezco $:(6+ wf gf} K$+ A$+( Ch }df c}dfz dihm,gkufh ih{ }zihqpcz} plih ihm 8 0, wf aih mfhf 2? y! wdfzf y kqiq kh Pzcpcqk}kch :(5> wf cj}ikh A$+ K$+ . , }dvq }df zq} fyvilk}{kh $:(::+ kq fq}ijlkqdfm(

Achafzhkhg }df qfachm chf, vqkhg $:(9=+ kh pliaf ce $:(6+ kh }df pzfukcvqizgvofh} chf gf}q

okh~K$+} khe~A$+} (Jv} qkhaf A A $jfaivqf +, k} kq ilqc }zvf }di}

khe~A$+} khe~A$+} (

Wf mfzkuf okh~K$+} ? khe~A$+}, qc }c achalvmf wf hffm chl{ }c pzcuf}di} }df liq} khe kq i okhkovo( ]c }dkq iko, k} qvfiafq }c }inf ih cp}koil}zihqpcz} plih cp} ihm }c mfhf 2? y!cp} wdfzf y kq iq kh Aczclliz{ :(9:2j{ mfhk}kch ce y, chf diq A$+ ? K$cp}+, qc okhkokrfq A ihm }df

pzcce kq iadkfufm( Ezco hcw ch wf wkll ce}fh qi{ }di} i qf} kq jcvhmfm kh j{ L

ke ecz ih{ wf diuf D9$+ L> wf wkll ilqc qi{ }di} kq i jcvhmfmqvjqf} ce ke k} kq jcvhmfm kh j{ qcof achq}ih} L( Hc}kaf }di} }dkq liq}mfhk}kch mcfq hc} ackhakmf wk}d }df vqvil jcvhmfmhfqq kh wk}d zfqpfa}}c }df mkq}ihaf m, wdkad wf wkll hfufz achqkmfz> kh eia}, }dkq liq} hc}kch cejcvhmfmhfqq wcvlm jf vqflfqq, qkhaf }df wdclf qf} kq alfizl{ jcvhmfm wk}dzfqpfa} }c m j{ }df mkiof}fz ce ( Wf zfaill }di}, iq ilzfim{ ofh}kchfmi} }df jfgkhhkhg ce Qfa}kch :(9, }df jcvhmfm qvjqf}q ce izf qfyvfh}kill{

acopia} wk}d zfqpfa} }c m> }dkq jfacofq piz}kavlizl{ dflpevl chaf wf nhcw}di} i }(p(o( kq achafh}zi}fm ch i jcvhmfm qvjqf} ce , wdkad kq }df izgvofh}ce Aczclliz{ :(97 jflcw(

Lfooi :(95( Ke I$q+ kq hc} achq}ih} ecz lizgf q $ecz khq}ihaf, ke I$q+ iq q +, }dfh }dfzf kq i achq}ih} L Z qvad }di} }df Fvalkmfih lfhg}d

D9$+ ce ih{ gfcmfqka kq jcvhmfm j{ L( C}dfzwkqf, ke I$q+ kq achq}ih} ecz

lizgf q, k} kq q}kll }zvf }di} ecz ih{ pikz $t, {+ ce pckh}q kh }dfzf ftkq}q qcofgfcmfqka ce lfhg}d jcvhmfm j{ L( Kh jc}d aiqfq, }df achq}ih} L mfpfhmq chl{ch I, ihmD9$+ $jv} hc} ch +(

Pzcce( Qvppcqf zq} }di} I$q+ kq hc} achq}ih} ecz lizgf q, ihm lf} L jf iqvfiakfh}l{ lizgf hvojfz qvad }di}

I

L D9$+

8 I

mkio . 9

(


29/161

:0 : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

]inf hcw i pi}d wk}d D9$+ 8 L ihm lf} , iaaczmkhg }c Lfooi :(9,

jf i pi}d wk}d lfhg}d lfqq }dih

|$9+ $0+| . 9 mkio . 9

achhfa}khg $0+ }c $9+ ihm diukhg D9hfglkgkjlf kh}fzqfa}kch wk}d ( Qkhaf

D9$ \ + D

9$+ D9$+ 8 L D

9$+ ,

wf koofmki}fl{ gf} $+ 8 $+, qc }di} kq hc} i gfcmfqka ihm }df zq}piz} ce }df pzcce kq iadkfufm(

Achqkmfz hcw }df aiqf wdfh I$q+ kq achq}ih} ecz lizgf q, ihm lf}

L 2? D9$+ . mkio . 9 (

Izgvkhg ftia}l{ iq kh }df zq} piz} ce }df pzcce, wf qff }di} ecz ih{ pi}d }dfzf kq i pi}d wk}d D9$+ mkio .9 ihm wk}d $+ $+ $}df chl{

mkfffzfhaf kq }di} }dkq }kof }df q}zka} khfyvilk}{ $+ < $+ kh }df aiqf

D9$+ 8 L oi{ jf eilqf+( Dfhaf, k} kq hc} }zvf }di} ill }df gfcmfqkaq diuf

Fvalkmfih lfhg}d lfqq }dih L, jv} }di} ecz ih{ pikz $t, {+ }dfzf kqi} lfiq} chf gfcmfqka jf}wffh t ihm { ce Fvalkmfih lfhg}d lfqq }dih L(

Aczclliz{ :(97( Ke I$q+ kq hc} achq}ih} ecz lizgf q }dfh }df qvppcz} ce ih{

}(p(o( wdkad kq cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c A kq jcvhmfm kh j{ L, wdfzfL kq iq kh }df pzfukcvq Lfooi( C}dfzwkqf, ke I$q+ kq achq}ih} ecz lizgf q, k}kq q}kll }zvf }di} }dfzf ftkq}q qcof cp}koil }(p(o( }df qvppcz} ce wdkad kqjcvhmfm kh j{ L(

Pzcce( Zfaill }di}, }dihnq }c $:(::+, ih{ }(p(o( cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c Akq achafh}zi}fm kh }df qf} ce ill gfcmfqkaq> }dkq qf} kq alcqfm, iq ilzfim{ hc}kafmkh Aczclliz{ :(9:, dfhaf }df wdclf qvppcz} ce ih{ cp}koil }(p(o( kq oimf j{gfcmfqkaq ihm }df zq} piz} ce }df pzcce kq }zkukil(

Achafzhkhg }df qfachm aliko, wf zfaill }di} Aczclliz{ :(9: koplkfq }di}}df qf} G ce ill gfcmfqkaq kq i alcqfm qvjqf} ce ach}ikhkhg i} lfiq} chf pi}dwdkad achhfa}q ih{ gkufh pikz ce pckh}q kh ( ]df qiof pzcpfz}{ kq }zvfecz }df qf}

GL 2? G

2 D9$+ L

,

j{ }df ijcuf lfooi ihm qkhaf }df Fvalkmfih lfhg}d kq l(q(a( wk}d zfqpfa} }c}df mkq}ihaf kh ( ]dfzfeczf, izgvkhg iq kh Aczclliz{ :(9:, wf hm i Jczfloip y 2 qvad }di} y$t, {+ kq i gfcmfqka jf}wffh t ihm { ceFvalkmfih lfhg}d lfqq }dih L( ]dkq fiqkl{ gkufq ilqc }df qfachm piz} ce }df

}dfqkq2 izgvkhg iq kh Pzcpcqk}kch :(9=, }infh ih{ cp}koil }zihqpcz} plih ,chf diq }di} }df }(p(o( y! kq iq zfyvkzfm(

Wf pzfqfh} hcw i vqfevl ftia} eczovli ecz (


30/161

:(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Cp}koil Pi}dq ihm Zflitfm Acq}q :9

Pzcpcqk}kch :(94( ]df ecllcwkhg fyvilk}{ dclmq2

$+ ? BD

9$ \ +,D9$ +

, $:(:1+

wdfzf }df evha}kch B2Z.

Z.

Z

kq gkufh j{B$i, j+ 2? khe

I

i . l

. J

j l

2 0 l j

( $:(:=+

Jfeczf gkukhg }df pzcce, wf qdcz}l{ mkqavqq }df ijcuf eczovli(

Zfoizn :(9;( ]df ofihkhg ce $:(:1+, iq chf aih vhmfzq}ihm acopizkhgwk}d $:(:+, kq }di}, zcvgdl{ qpfinkhg, chf aih wiln ch }df ziklwi{2 kh c}dfzwczmq, }df acq} ce qcof pi}d kq hc} hfafqqizkl{ gkufh j{ }df acq} ce ocu/khg j{ cwh ofihq cv} ce }df hf}wczn ihm j{ }zikh ilchg k}, jv} ocukhg j{

cwh ofihq cv} ce }df hf}wczn ihm pcqqkjl{ kh qcof piz} ce k}, ihm j{ }zikhilchg }df zfoikhkhg piz}( ]df jiqka kmfi ce }df pzcce kq }dfh fiqkl{ koigkhfm2khq}fim ce wilnkhg ch }df hf}wczn, chf aih bvq} wiln ufz{ alcqf }c k}, wdkadkq pcqqkjlf qkhaf }df mkofhqkch H kq lizgfz }dih 9(

Pzcce $ce Pzcpcqk}kch :(94+( Qf} i 2? D9$ \ + ihm j 2? D9$ +, }dfh}inf ih izjk}ziz{ qfyvfhaf h ce pi}dq diukhg }df qiof fhmpckh}q iq ihmachufzgkhg }c ( K} kq nhcwh }di}

D9$+ lko khe

hD

9$h+ , $:(:6+

D9$ \ + lko khe

hD

9$h \ + > $:(:5+

}df zq} khfyvilk}{ kq }df aliqqkail lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce }df lfhg}d, }df qfa/chm kq i zfafh} gfhfzilkri}kch ce }df Gclij }dfczfo }di} wf q}i}f kh ]dfczfo1(5 $qff ilqc ecz khq}ihaf ^9=_ ihm ^10_+(

Ecz i gkufh h H, iqqvof }di}

D9$h + D

9$ + 2

}dfh, }inkhg l ? 0 kh $:(:=+, wf cj}ikh

B$i, j+ ID

9$ \ +

. JD

9$ +

ID

9$ \ +

. JD

9$h +

$h+ . ID

9$ \ +

ID

9$h \ +

(

$:(:7+

Ch }df c}dfz dihm, ke

D9$h + < D

9$ +

}dfh, }inkhgl 2? D9$ + D

9$h +


31/161

:: : Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

kh $:(:=+, wf cj}ikh

B$i, j+ ID

9$+ D9$h +

. J

D

9$h +

$h+ . ID9$+ D9$h + I

D

9$h+ D9$h +

(

$:(:4+

Zfaillkhg hcw }di} I kq hchmfazfiqkhg ihm ach}khvcvq, acojkhkhg $:(:7+wk}d $:(:5+ ihm $:(:4+ wk}d $:(:6+ gkufq B$i, j+ lko khe$h+, ihm }dfzfeczfB$i, j+ $+(

]c pzcuf }df cppcqk}f khfyvilk}{ }inf 0 l D9$ + ihm lf} ~h}jf, iaaczmkhg }c Aczclliz{ :(:, i qfyvfhaf ce pi}dq achhfa}khg $0+ ihm $9+qvad }di}

h , D9$h+ D9$+ , D9$h + ? D9$ + l h H (

Dfhaf, oinkhg vqf ce }df ach}khvk}{ ce I, chf gf}q

$h+ ? ID

9$h+ $D

9$ + l+

. J

j l

h

I$i . l+ . J$j l+ (

]dvq ecz fufz{ 0 l j chf diq

$+ I$i . l+ . J$j l+ ,

qc }df khfyvilk}{ B$i, j+ $+ ecllcwq }inkhg }df khovo ch l(

K} kq ilqc achufhkfh} }c kh}zcmvaf ih ivtklkiz{ evha}kch, hiofl{

M$i, j+ 2? B$i, j i+ > $:(:;+

khmffm, }df ijcuf pzcpcqk}kch }fllq vq }di}

$+ ? BD

9$ \ +,D9$ +

,

cz fyvkuilfh}l{ }di}

$+ ? MD

9$ \ +,D9$+

( $:(10+

Kh c}dfz wczmq, wf aih ftpzfqq $+ kh }fzoq ce }df lfhg}dD9$\+ cv}qkmf

ce }df hf}wczn ihm ce }df lfhg}d D9$ + khqkmf }df hf}wczn ke wf oinf vqf

ce B, cz kh }fzoq ce }df lfhg}d D9$ \ + cv} ce }df hf}wczn ihm ce }df }c}il

lfhg}d D9$+ ke wf oinf vqf ce M( ]df imuih}igf ce }df qfachm pcqqkjklk}{,

k(f( }df imuih}igf ce $:(10+ wk}d zfqpfa} }c $:(:1+, kq }di} }df uizkijlfq D9$\

+ ihm D9$+ qi}kqe{ }df vqfevl lko khe khfyvilk}kfq $:(:6+$:(:5+, wdklf }df

qiof kq hc} }zvf ecz D9$ +> ch }df ach}ziz{, ecz D9$ + }df lko qvpkhfyvilk}{ kq }zvf, iq chf aih koofmki}fl{ mfmvaf j{ Lfooi =(9( Ihc}dfzfiq{ kh}fzfq}khg pzcpfz}{ ce jc}d M ihm B kq }df ecllcwkhg chf(


32/161

:(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Cp}koil Pi}dq ihm Zflitfm Acq}q :1

Pzcpcqk}kch :(:0( ]df evha}kchq B ihmM izf hchmfazfiqkhg kh fiad ce }dfkzuizkijlfq(

Pzcce( Achqkmfz zq} B2 }inf j 0 ihm i i 0> ecz 0 l j chf diq

I$i . l+ I$i

. l+, qc j{ $:(:=+ chf gf}q B$i

, j+ B$i, j+ ihm }dvq B kqhchmfazfiqkhg kh k}q zq} uizkijlf( Achafzhkhg }df qfachm chf, }inf i 0 ihmj j 02 chf diq

I$i . l+ . J$j l+ I$i . l+ . J$j l+ B$i, j+ 0 l j >

ch }df c}dfz dihm, chf diq

I$i . l+ . J$j l+ I$i . j+ . J$0+ B$i, j+ j l j (

K} ecllcwq }di} B$i, j+ B$i, j+, qc B kq hchmfazfiqkhg ilqc kh k}q qfachmuizkijlf(

Achqkmfz hcw M2 zq} ce ill, wf zfwzk}f $:(:;+ kh i oczf achufhkfh} wi{iq

M$i, j+ ? khe~I$i . l+ . J$j i l+ 2 0 l j i}

? khe~I$l+ . J$j l+ 2 i l j} ($:(19+

]dfh, }inf j 0 ihm i i 02 ke i l j }dfh i ecz}kczk i l j,

dfhaf chf gf}q M$i, j+ M$i

, j+ mkzfa}l{ j{ $:(19+, ihm achqfyvfh}l{ M kqhchmfazfiqkhg kh k}q zq} uizkijlf( Ekhill{, achafzhkhg }df qfachm chf, }infi 0 ihm j j 02 ke i l j }dfh

I$l+ . J$j l+ I$l+ . J$j l+ M$i, j+ >

ch }df c}dfz dihm, ke j l j }dfh

I$l+ . J$j l+ I$j+ . J$0+ M$i, j+ (

K} ecllcwq }di} M$i, j

+ M$i, j+, qc M kq hchmfazfiqkhg ilqc kh k}q qfachmuizkijlf ihm }df pzcce kq acoplf}fm(


33/161

Adip}fz 1

Cp}koil Achhfa}fm Hf}wcznq

Kh }dkq adip}fz wf achqkmfz }df pzcjlfo ce hmkhg ih cp}koil hf}wczn vhmfz}df immk}kchil achq}zikh} }di} }df imokqqkjlf hf}wcznq izf iqqvofm ach/hfa}fm( ]dkq ft}zi achhfa}fmhfqq iqqvop}kch fhijlfq vq }c cj}ikh }df hfa/fqqiz{ acopia}hfqq }c fhqvzf }df ftkq}fhaf ce ih cp}koil hf}wczn( Wf zfaill}di} }dkq aiqf diq jffh ft}fhqkufl{ q}vmkfm kh ^91, 9=, 97, :9_, wdfzf qfu/fzil hfafqqiz{ achmk}kchq ce cp}koilk}{ diuf jffh ecvhm> }dfzfeczf wf lkok}cvzqflufq }c zfaill jzkf{ }df oikh nhcwh zfqvl}q( Kh }df liq} qfa}kch ce }dkqadip}fz wf qdcw qcof hvofzkail plc}q ce }df cp}koil hf}wcznq kh i qlkgd}l{

qkoplfz qk}vi}kch, wdfzf khq}fim ce }zihqpcz}khg e.

ch}c e, }df gcil ce }dfplihhfz kq }c }zihqpcz} e. ch }df hf}wczn kh }df ocq} ffiakfh} wi{(

1(9 Cp}kokri}kch Pzcjlfo

]df cp}kokri}kch pzcjlfo wf achqkmfz kh }dkq adip}fz kq

okh

~EL$+ 2

, achhfa}fm

}, $1(9+

wdfzf EL kq }df acq} evha}kchil mfhfm kh $:(99+ wk}d D$q+ ? 0 ecz q L,D$q+ ? c}dfzwkqf( Oczf gfhfzill{, chf oi{ achqkmfz }df cp}kokri}kchpzcjlfo

okh~O N$+ 2 , achhfa}fm} $1(:+wdfzf }df evha}kch m ippfizkhg kh $:(6+ kq hcw gkufh j{

m$t, {+ 2? khe

D

9$ \ +,D9$ +,D9$+

2

, $0+ ? t, $9+ ? { , $1(1+

G( Jv}}irrc f} il(, Cp}koil Vzjih Hf}wcznq uki Oiqq ]zihqpcz}i}kch, :6Lfa}vzf Hc}fq kh Oi}dfoi}kaq 9;59, MCK2 90(9007#;74/1/6=0/467;;/0 1,a Qpzkhgfz/Ufzlig Jfzlkh Dfkmfljfzg :00;


34/161

:5 1 Cp}koil Achhfa}fm Hf}wcznq

ihm 2 $Z.+1 ^0, ._ kq i evha}kch qi}kqe{khg }df ecllcwkhg achmk}kchq2 kq lcwfz qfokach}khvcvq> kq ach}khvcvq kh k}q zq} uizkijlf>

kq hchmfazfiqkhg kh fiad ce k}q uizkijlfq, k(f(

i9 i:, j9 j:, a9 a: ? $i9, j9, a9+ $i:, j:, a:+>

$i,j,a+ D$a+ wk}d D$a+ iq a (Ecz khq}ihaf, }inkhg

$i,j,a+ 2? I$i+ . J$j+ . L$a+ ,

wdfzf L$a+ kq }df evha}kch wdkad }infq }df uilvf rfzc ke a

L ihm

c}dfzwkqf, gkufq }df pzcjlfo $1(9+(Vhmfz }df achhfa}fmhfqq zfyvkzfofh}, }df ftkq}fhaf ce ih cp}koil hf}wczn

ilwi{q caavzq, iq }df jflcw }dfczfo q}i}fq(

]dfczfo 1(9( Vhmfz }df iqqvop}kchq ijcuf ch }df evha}kch , }df cp}k/okri}kch pzcjlfo $1(:+ imok}q i qclv}kch cp}(

]df pzcce ce }df ijcuf }dfczfo kq gkufh kh ^9=_( Dfzf wf wkll qnf}ad k}qoikh q}fpq( Ekzq} ce ill wf fyvkp }df imokqqkjlf aliqq

, achhfa}fm

wk}d }df }cpclcg{ khmvafm j{ }df Divqmczff mkq}ihaf

mD$9, :+ ? qvp

mkq}$t9, :+ . mkq}$t:, 9+ 2 t9 9, t: :

wdfzf j{ mkq}$t, + wf mfhc}fm }df okhkoil mkq}ihaf ezco }df pckh} t }c}df alcqfm qf} ( K} kq wfll/nhcwh }di} }df }dkq }cpclcg{ $aillfm Divqmczff}cpclcg{+ kq acopia} ihm }di} }df Divqmczff lkok} ce i qfyvfhaf ce achhfa}fm

qf}q kq q}kll achhfa}fm( Oczfcufz, }df ecllcwkhg zfqvl}, nhcwh iq Gclij }dfczfo$qff ecz khq}ihaf ^6, 17_+ dclmq(

]dfczfo 1(: $Gclij+( Ke h kq i qfyvfhaf ce achhfa}fm alcqfm qvjqf}q ce wdkad Divqmczff achufzgfq }c i qf} , }dfh

D9$+ lkokhe

h D9$h+ (

Zfoizn 1(1( Oczf gfhfzill{, }df ijcuf zfqvl} ch lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce }dfchf/mkofhqkchil Divqmczff ofiqvzf D9 q}kll dclmq, ke wf iqqvof }di} }df

hvojfz ce achhfa}fm acopchfh}q ce h kq i pzkczk jcvhmfm j{ i tfm ach/q}ih}( Ch }df c}dfz dihm, k} kq ufz{ fiq{ }c hm acvh}fzftioplfq wdkad qdcw}di} }df Gclij }dfczfo eiklq wdfh }df achhfa}fmhfqq iqqvop}kch kq aco/plf}fl{ zfocufm(


35/161

1(9 Cp}kokri}kch Pzcjlfo :7

J{ ih ippzctkoi}kch izgvofh} qkokliz }c }df chf wf vqfm kh }df pzccece Pzcpcqk}kch :(94 wf aih acopv}f }df zflitfm eczo ce }df mkq}ihaf mippfizkhg kh $1(1+( Kh c}dfz wczmq, ke achufhkfh}, wf oi{ ippzctkoi}f i avzuf piqqkhg }dzcvgd }df hf}wczn j{ i qfyvfhaf ce avzufq h achufzgkhg }c

vhkeczol{ ihm hc} piqqkhg }dzcvgd ( Oczf pzfakqfl{, }df ecllcwkhg zfqvl}dclmq(

Pzcpcqk}kch 1(=( Ecz fufz{ alcqfm achhfa}fm qvjqf} ce wf diuf

m$t, {+ ? khe

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D9$ + ? D9$+ D9$ \ + ,

}df evha}kch B aih jf zfpliafm j{ }df hfw chf

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]df imuih}igf ce vqkhg }df hfw evha}kch M kh $1(6+ achqkq}q kh }df ecllcwkhgochc}chkak}{ ihm lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ pzcpfz}{ $}df pzcce ce }df zq} piz}kq ufz{ qkokliz }c }df chf ce Pzcpcqk}kch :(:0+(

Pzcpcqk}kch 1(6( ]df evha}kch M mfhfm kh $1(6+ kq ochc}chf hchmfazfiq/khg ihm lcwfz qfokach}khvcvq kh fiad uizkijlf(

]df pzcce ce }df ftkq}fhaf ]dfczfo 1(9 vqfq ilqc }df ecllcwkhg gfhfzil/kri}kch ce }df Gclij ]dfczfo, }df pzcce ce wdkad aih jf ecvhm kh ^9=_, ilqccj}ikhfm j{ Mil Oiqc ihm ]cimfz kh ^10_ ecz mkfffzfh} pvzpcqfq, zfli}fm }c

}df q}vm{ ce ocmflq kh ezia}vzf ofadihkaq(]dfczfo 1(5( Lf} T jf i of}zka qpiaf, ~h}hH ihm ~h}hH jf }wc qf/yvfhafq ce acopia} qvjqf}q qvad }di} h ihm h kh }df Divqmczffqfhqf, ecz qcof acopia} qvjqf}q ihm ( Lf} vq ilqc qvppcqf }di} h kqachhfa}fm ecz ill h H( ]dfh


36/161

:4 1 Cp}koil Achhfa}fm Hf}wcznq

D9$ \ + lko khe

h D9$h \ h+ ( $1(7+

J{ vqkhg }df ijcuf ft}fhqkch ce }df Gclij }dfczfo ihm }df ochc}chka/k}{ zfqvl} ce Pzcpcqk}kch 1(6 k} kq hc} mkfiavl} }c cj}ikh }df ecllcwkhg lcwfz

qfokach}khvk}{ pzcpfz}{ ecz }df evha}kch m(

Pzcpcqk}kch 1(7( Lf} ~th}hH ihm ~{h}hH jf qfyvfhafq kh qvad }di}th t ihm {h {( Ke ~h}hH kq i qfyvfhaf ce alcqfm achhfa}fm qf}q qvad}di} h kh }df Divqmczff qfhqf, }dfh

m$t, {+ lkokheh mh$th, {h+ ( $1(4+

Kh piz}kavliz, ecz fufz{ alcqfm achhfa}fm }df evha}kch m kq lcwfzqfokach}khvcvq ch

(

]df pzcce ce ]dfczfo 1(9 aih jf hcw cj}ikhfm j{ pv}}khg }cgf}dfz }dfijcuf zfqvl}q( Kh eia}, ke ~h} kq i okhkokrkhg qfyvfhaf ce }df cp}kokri}kchpzcjlfo $1(:+, j{ }df acopia}hfqq ce }df Divqmczff achufzgfhaf wf oi{iqqvof, vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf, }di} h ecz i qvk}ijlf alcqfm achhfa}fm ( ]df cp}koilk}{ ce }dfh ecllcwq j{ }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce }dfevha}kchil ON$+ kh $1(:+ wk}d zfqpfa} }c }df Divqmczff achufzgfhaf(]dkq lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ kh }vzh ecllcwq j{ Pzcpcqk}kch 1(7 }cgf}dfz wk}d}df cjqfzui}kch }di}, ke h izf cp}koil plihq wk}d zfqpfa} }c h ihm h

,

}dfh kq ih cp}koil plih wk}d zfqpfa} }c ( Ill }df mf}iklq ce }df izgvofh}ijcuf aih jf ecvhm kh }df pipfz ^9=_, }c wdkad wf zfefz }df kh}fzfq}fm zfimfz(

1(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce }df Cp}koil Hf}wcznq

Kh }dkq qfa}kch wf acllfa} }df zfqvl}q ce ^9;, :0, 6=_ zfgizmkhg }df aiqf cecp}kokri}kch pzcjlfo $1(9+ kh }df piz}kavliz aiqf wdfh I$}+ ? }, J$}+ ? 0

ihm kq i pzkczk zfyvkzfm }c jf achhfa}fm( Qkhaf }df zfqvl}q wf pzfqfh} dfzfizf hc} vqfm flqfwdfzf kh }dkq ochcgzipd, wf gkuf chl{ }df cv}lkhfq ce }dfpzcceq ce qcof ce }df ocq} kopcz}ih} zfqvl}q( Ecz }df mf}iklq }df zfimfz kqzfefzzfm }c }df ieczfofh}kchfm pipfzq(

Ekzq}, wf zfaill }df ecllcwkhg jiqka zfqvl}q zfgizmkhg }cpclcgkail q}zva}vzfihm zfgvlizk}{ ce cp}koil qf}q(

]dfczfo 1(4( Lf} kh pzcjlfo $1(9+ I$}+ ? } ihm J$}+ ? 0, ihm iqqvof }di}

e., e LH ihm e. ? e( ]dfh fufz{ alcqfm achhfa}fm ZH qclukhg

}dkq pzcjlfo diq }df ecllcwkhg pzcpfz}kfq( D9$+ ? L( ach}ikhq hc alcqfm avzuf $i dcofcoczpdka koigf ce Q9+( Kh piz}kavliz,ZH \ kq achhfa}fm(


37/161

1(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce }df Cp}koil Hf}wcznq :;

Ke, oczfcufz, e., e L:$+, }dfh }df ecllcwkhg immk}kchil pzcpfz}kfq dclm( kq Idleczq zfgvliz kh }df qfhqf }di} ecz fufz{ t ihm z < mkio

chf diqaz

D

9Jz$t+

Az

ecz qcof achq}ih}q a 8 0 ihm A 8 0 khmfpfhmfh} jc}d ch t ihm ch z 8 0(

Zfoizn 1(;( ]df zfqvl}q ce }df pipfzq ^9;, :0, 6=_ izf kh eia} i jk} qdizpfz}dih wdi} alikofm ijcuf( Ecz khq}ihaf }df zq} }wc q}i}fofh}q izf uilkmfufh ke }df mkofhqkch ce }df ofiqvzfq e., e $mfhfm kh i qvk}ijlf wi{+ kqqvfiakfh}l{ dkgd( Evz}dfz, }df Idleczq zfgvlizk}{ ce cp}koil qf}q kq nhcwh }cdclm wdfh e., e Lp$+ wdfzf p ? =#1 wdfh H ? : ihm p ? H#$H 9+c}dfzwkqf $il}dcvgd k} kq hc} nhcwh wdf}dfz qvad iqqvop}kch kq qdizp+(

Wf pzcukmf dfzf bvq} }df gfhfzil cv}lkhf ce }df pzcce ce }df zq} }wc q}i}f/ofh}q ijcuf cok}}khg }fadhkail mf}iklq( ]df pzkhakpil }fadhkail }ccl kq gkufhj{ }df pzcpcqk}kch jflcw kh wdkad i qf} kq ocmkfm wk}d }df immk}kch cei pkfaf ce qoill lfhg}d }c cj}ikh i hfw qf} qvad }di} ill pckh}q wdkad wfzfhc} }cc alcqf }c jfacof alcqfz }c }df ocmkfm qf} $qff Pzcpcqk}kch =(9ezco ^6=_+(

Pzcpcqk}kch 1(90( Lf} ZH jf i acopia} achhfa}fm qf} wk}dD9$+ }dkq kq wd{ wf kh}zcmvaf i zflitfmufzqkch ce }df pzcjlfo( ]dkq zfliti}kch kq ufz{ achufhkfh} ecz i hvojfz cezfiqchq2 zq} ce ill k} mfilq, khq}fim ce Jczfl qf}q, wk}d Zimch ofiqvzfq, wdkaddiuf i achqkmfzijl{ jf}}fz q}zva}vzf ihm hkafz pzcpfz}kfq> oczfcufz, k} fiqkl{imok}q qclv}kchq ihm, iq wf wkll qff, k} kq pcqqkjlf }c q}vm{ }dfqf qclv}kchq ihm}c vhmfzq}ihm wdf}dfz cz hc} }df{ izf aliqqkail, k(f( ce }df eczo D9 ecz

i qf} ( Ekhill{, wf wkll gkuf ih kh}fzpzf}i}kch ce }df ofihkhg ce }df zflitfmpzcjlfo, ihm gfhfzilkrf ill }df mfhk}kchq }di} wf pzfqfh}fm kh Adip}fz :ecz }df aliqqkail qf}}khg( Kh Qfa}kch =(9 wf kh}zcmvaf }df zflitfm cp}kokri}kchpzcjlfo ihm wf qdcw }di} k} ilwi{q imok}q i qclv}kch( Kh Qfa}kch =(: wf qdcwqcof pzcpfz}kfq ce }df zflitfm qclv}kchq, kh piz}kavliz }di} }dfzf kq i qclv}kch O.$+ qvad }di} ecz qcof zfa}kijlf qf} chf diq ? i$t+D9 ,wdfzf i 2 ^0, 9_ kq qcof mfhqk}{> }df zflitfm qclv}kch kq }dfh aliqqkail keihm chl{ ke i$t+ 9 ecz i(f( t ihm, kh }dkq aiqf, aczzfqpchmq }c }dfzfa}kijlf qf} ~t 2 i$t+ ? 9}( Kh Qfa}kch =(1 wf pzfqfh} i aliqq ce ftioplfq khwdkad ill }df qclv}kchq izf hc} aliqqkail( Ekhill{, kh Qfa}kch =(= wf qdcw }di}}dfzf izf aliqqkail qclv}kchq ke }df evha}kch M mfhfm kh $:(:;+ kq achaiuf kh}df zq} uizkijlf, ihm }di} ill }df qclv}kchq izf aliqqkail ke }dkq achaiuk}{ kqq}zka}(

=(9 Zflitfm Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg

Ekzq} ce ill, wf hffm }c zfaill ih fiq{ ijq}zia} zfqvl}(

Lfooi =(9( Lf} ~Ah} jf i qfyvfhaf ce alcqfm qf}q ce qcof of}zka qpiaf Tachufzgkhg kh }df Divqmczff mkq}ihaf }c A( Lf} oczfcufz ~h} O.$T+ jfi qfyvfhaf ce ofiqvzfq wfinl{ achufzgkhg }c O.$T+( ]dfh, chf diq

G( Jv}}irrc f} il(, Cp}koil Vzjih Hf}wcznq uki Oiqq ]zihqpcz}i}kch, 17Lfa}vzf Hc}fq kh Oi}dfoi}kaq 9;59, MCK2 90(9007#;74/1/6=0/467;;/0 =,a Qpzkhgfz/Ufzlig Jfzlkh Dfkmfljfzg :00;


46/161

14 = Zflitfm Pzcjlfo ihm Ftkq}fhaf ce Qclv}kchq

$A+ lko qvp h$Ah+ (

Pzcce( Qkhaf ~Ah} achufzgfq kh }df Divqmczff mkq}ihaf }c A, diukhg tfm ih{ 8 0 chf diq Ah J$A+ ecz h lizgf fhcvgd, wdfzf

J$A+ ? ~t T 2 mT$t, A+ } >

}dfzfeczf, qkhaf J$A+ kq i alcqfm qf}, chf diq

J$A+ lko qvp

hh

J$A+ lko qvp

hh$Ah+ (

]df pzcce kq acoplf}fm hc}kakhg }di}

J$A+ $A+ ecz 0(

Wf hcw hc}kaf i acvplf ce pzcpfz}kfq cem ihm E2 }df zq} chf kq }df lcwfz

qfokach}khvk}{ ce m wk}d zfqpfa} }c }df wfin achufzgfhaf ce }df ofiqvzfqD

9 > iq i achqfyvfhaf, wf aih ilqc qdcw }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ce}df evha}kchil E wk}d zfqpfa} }c }df qiof achufzgfhaf( Jfeczf qdcwkhg }dfqfpzcpfz}kfq, wf mfhf eczoill{ }df achufzgfhaf wf izf gckhg }c vqf(

Mfhk}kch =(:( Gkufh i qfyvfhaf ~h} ce Jczfl qf}q ce jcvhmfm lfhg}d, wfqi{ }di} ~h} achufzgfq kh }df D9 qfhqf }c , qdcz}l{ hD

9

, ke }dfofiqvzfq D

9 h wfinl{ achufzgf }c }df ofiqvzf D9 kh O.$+(

Pzcpcqk}kch =(1( Lf}~h}D9 ihm h vhkeczol{2 }dfh$+ lko khe

hh$h+ (

Oczfcufz, ecz fiad t, { m$t, {+ lko khe

h mh$t, {+ (

Pzcce( Ippl{khg Lfooi =(9 wk}d Ah ? h, A ? , h ? D9 h ihm

? D9 , chf cj}ikhq

D9$ + lko qvpD9$h h+ (

]dfzfeczf, qf}}khg

i 2? D9$ \ + , j 2? D9$ + , lh 2? D9$ + D9$h h+ ,

chf diq }di} lh j ihm lkokhelh 0( Zfaillkhg }dfh eczovliq $:(:1+ihm $:(:=+ ecz , ihm }df eia}q }di} I ihm J izf hchmfazfiqkhg, wf cj}ikh


47/161

=(9 Zflitfm Pzcjlfo Qf}}khg 1;

lko kheh

h$h+ ? lko kheh I

D

9$h+ D9$h h+

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9$h h+

? lko kheh I

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lko khe

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kheIi . l. Jj l 2 0 l j ? B$i, j+ ? $+ ,wdfzf }df zq} khfyvilk}{ kq mvf }c }df eia} }di} i . lh kq jcvhmfm, ihm dfhafI kq vhkeczol{ ach}khvcvq, ihm }c }df khfyvilk}{

D9$+ lko kheD9$h+ (]dvq }df zq} piz} ce }df aliko ecllcwq( Achafzhkhg }df qfachm piz}, wf izgvfj{ ach}zimka}kch2 ke k} wfzf hc} }zvf }di} m lko khemh , }dfh }dfzf wcvlmftkq} i pikz t, { ihm 8 0 qvad }di}

mh$t, {+ m$t, {+

ecz acvh}ijl{ oih{ h H( Iaaczmkhg }c Aczclliz{ :(99 ihm Lfooi :(95, eczih{ h wf qflfa} i pi}d h wk}d

D9$h+ L , h$h+ ? mh$t, {+ (

Dfhaf, vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf wf aih iqqvof }di} h vhkeczol{ ihm }di}h$h+ m$t, {+

ecz ih{ h( ]df zq} piz} ce }df pzcce fhqvzfq }di}

$+ m$t, {+ < m$t, {+ ,wdkad gkufq }df mfqkzfm ach}zimka}kch ihm qc ilqc }df qfachm piz} ce }df alikoecllcwq(

]df iqqfz}kch jflcw kq i achqfyvfhaf ce }df pzfukcvq pzcpcqk}kch(

Aczclliz{ =(=( ]df evha}kchilE kq l(q(a( wk}d zfqpfa} }df achufzgfhaf kh }dfD

9 qfhqf(

Pzcce( Ke ~h}D

9

, }dfhD

9$+ ? lkoD9$h+ < . (


48/161

=0 = Zflitfm Pzcjlfo ihm Ftkq}fhaf ce Qclv}kchq

Evz}dfz, j{ Pzcpcqk}kch =(1 chf diq

lko kheh ,

ihm dfhaf, j{ Lfooi J(:0 ce }df Ippfhmkt chf diqA$+ lko kheAh$h+

wdfhfufz h kh }df wfin qfhqf ce ofiqvzfq( Iaaczmkhg }c

Pzcpcqk}kch :(9=, wf oi{ }inf h qvad }di} ON$h+ ? Ah$h+> qkhafj{ Aczclliz{ :(97 chf oi{ iqqvof }di} }df qvppcz}q ce h izf jcvhmfm kh j{ qcof achq}ih} L khmfpfhmfh} ce h, okhmkhg }di}

hO.$+ ? e.O.$+ < . ,

wf gf} h ecz qcof }(p(o( vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf( Dfhaf

ON$+ A$+ lko kheh Ah$h+ ? lko kheh ON$h+ >

oczfcufz, ezco $:(90+ wf mfmvaf

D$D9$++ lko kheDD9$h+ihm hill{, j{ }df mfhk}kch $:(99+ ce }df evha}kchil E, wf mfmvaf

E$+ lkokheE$h+ (

Lf} vq hill{ kh}zcmvaf }df zflitfm ufzqkch ce }df pzcjlfo2 wf achqkmfziq zflitfm imokqqkjlf hf}wcznq ill }df hchhfgi}kuf ofiqvzfq O.$+,kmfh}ke{khg ih{ aliqqkail hf}wczn wk}d }df ofiqvzf D9 ( Kh i q}ihmizmwi{, wf mfhf }dfh }df zflitfm evha}kchil $vqkhg }df qiof q{ojcl wk}d iqlkgd} ijvqf ce hc}i}kch+ iq

E$+ 2? khelko kheh E$h+ 2 D

9 h , $=(9+

qc }di} }df zflitfm cp}kokri}kch pzcjlfo hcw zfimq

okh~E$+ 2 O.$+} ( $=(:+

K} kq wcz}d zfoiznkhg }di}, }dihnq }c }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ pzcufm khAczclliz{ =(=, chf diq E$+ ? E$D

9+, wdkad bvq}kfq }df ijcuf ijvqf

ce hc}i}kchq(

Wf lkq} hcw qcof pzcpfz}kfq ce }df zflitfm evha}kchil E(

Pzcpcqk}kch =(6( ]df ecllcwkhg }dzff pzcpfz}kfq dclm2

k+ E kq acfzakuf, }di} kq, E$h+ ke h >


49/161

=(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Zflitfm Okhkokrfzq =9

kk+ E kq l(q(a( kh O.$+ wk}d zfqpfa} }c }df wfin achufzgfhaf>kkk+ okh

E$+ 2 O.$+ ?

khe

E$+ 2 kq i Jczfl qf} ce hk}f lfhg}d

(

Pzcce( ]dkq kq i q}ihmizm eia} kh zfliti}kch }dfcz{, wdkad ecllcwq ecz khq}ihafezco Pzcpcqk}kch 9(1(9 ihm 9(1(6 ce ^95_(

=(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Zflitfm Okhkokrfzq

Kh }dkq qfa}kch wf qdcw qcof pzcpfz}kfq ce ih cp}koil ofiqvzf , wdkad ftkq}q}dihnq }c Pzcpcqk}kch =(6> zq} ce ill, wf fq}ijlkqd }df ftkq}fhaf ce ih vppfz

jcvhm ecz }df lfhg}d ce }df pi}dq ach}ikhfm kh }df qvppcz} ce cp}koil }(p(o(qzfli}fm }c i okhkokrkhg qfyvfhaf ce qf}q h(

Lfooi =(5( ]dfzf kq i achq}ih} L 0, mfpfhmkhg chl{ ch I, ihm D,qvad }di} }df ecllcwkhg dclmq2 gkufh ih{ okhkokrkhg qfyvfhaf ~h} eczE, eczih{ h H qvfiakfh}l{ lizgf }dfzf kq i }(p(o( h, cp}koil ecz }df evha}kchilAh , wdcqf qvppcz} kq jcvhmfm kh j{L( K} kq ilqc pcqqkjlf }c hm i qfyvfhafce }(p(o( ~h} wk}d qvppcz}q jcvhmfm kh j{ L, qvad }di}

Ah$h+ O N$h+ . hwk}d h 0 $kh }df ecllcwkhg, qvad i qfyvfhaf kq zfefzzfm }c iq ilocq}cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah+(

Pzcce( Nffpkhg kh okhm Aczclliz{ :(97, }c qdcw }df zq} iqqfz}kch k} kq fhcvgd}c adfan }di}, ecz fiad qfyvfhaf ~h} okhkokrkhg E ihm h lizgf fhcvgd, }dflfhg}d D9$h+ kq jcvhmfm j{ i achq}ih} mfpfhmkhg chl{ ch I, ihm D(]c }dkq iko, }inf l 0 qvad }di}

D$l+ 9 ON$+ ? E$+ ,ihm hc}kaf }di} l mfpfhmq chl{ ch D, ihm I jv} hc} ch J( KeD9$+ l,chf diq

E$+ D$D9$++ D$l+ E$+ . 9 okh~E$+ 2 O.$+} . 9 (

]dfzfeczf, ke~h} kq i qfyvfhaf okhkokrkhg E, }dfh D9$h+ < l ecz h lizgffhcvgd(

]c qdcw }df qfachm iqqfz}kch ecz i qfyvfhaf ce }(p(o(q ilocq} cp}koilwk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah , wf ippl{ Lfooi :(912 }inkhg, ecz fiad h H, i }(p(o(h wk}d qvppcz} jcvhmfm kh j{ L ihm cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah , }df}(p(o(i h!h izf ilocq} cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah ihm }dfkz qvppcz}qizf jcvhmfm kh j{ L . h(


50/161

=: = Zflitfm Pzcjlfo ihm Ftkq}fhaf ce Qclv}kchq

Cvz hft} iko kq }c q}vm{ }df pzcpfz}kfq ce }df cp}koil ofiqvzfq 2 kh piz/}kavliz, wf wih} }c mf}fzokhf wdf}dfz cz hc} i zflitfm qclv}kch aczzfqpchmq}c i aliqqkail qclv}kch (

Mfhk}kch =(7( I ofiqvzf cp}koil ecz }df zflitfm evha}kchil E kq aillfmokhkoil ke ih{ ofiqvzf , ? kq hc} cp}koil ecz E(Zfoizn =(4( Hc}kaf }di}, }dihnq }c }df lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ihm }df acfz/akuk}{ ceE, pzcufh kh Pzcpcqk}kch =(6, }df ftkq}fhaf ce ih cp}koil ofiqvzfecz E kq q}zikgd}eczwizm( Kh piz}kavliz, }df qf} ce }dfqf cp}koil ofiqvzfq kqi hch/fop}{, jcvhmfm ihm wfinl{ alcqfm qvjqf} ceO.$+> }dfzfeczf, qkhaf}df oip kq wfinl{ l(q(a(, iochg }df cp}koil ofiqvzfq }dfzfizf }dcqf okhkokrkhg }df hczo ( Ekhill{, ih koofmki}f ipplkai}kch ceRczhq Lfooi gkufq vq }df ftkq}fhaf ce okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzfq> oczf pzf/

akqfl{, ecz ih{ cp}koil ofiqvzf }dfzf ftkq}q i okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzf (

I zq} pzcpfz}{ }di} wf izf hcw ijlf }c qdcw kq }di} ih{ okhkoil cp}koilofiqvzf kq ijqclv}fl{ ach}khvcvq wk}d zfqpfa} }c D9 kh eia}, kh ocq} ce }dfaiqfq ill }df cp}koil ofiqvzfq izf okhkoil, qff Pzcpcqk}kch =(:0(

Lfooi =(;( Fiad okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzf kq ijqclv}fl{ ach}khvcvq wk}dzfqpfa} }c D9(

Pzcce( Wf izgvf j{ ach}zimka}kch iqqvokhg }df ftkq}fhaf ce i qf} J qvad }di}D

9$J+ ? 0 jv} $J+ 8 0( ]inf i qfyvfhaf ~h} ce Jczfl qf}q qvad }di}

D9 h ?2 h

ihm E$h+ E$+, wdkad kq pcqqkjlf kh ukfw ce }df mfhk}kch $=(9+ ceE( Ektfmhcw 8 0, j{ mfhk}kch ce }df Divqmczff ofiqvzf wf aih }inf acvh}ijl{ oih{cpfh jillq Jk wk}d zimkk zk, qvad }di} Q 2? Jk ach}ikhq J ihm

zk < (

Mfhf }dfh

h, 2? h \ Q , h, 2? D9 h, (

Adccqf hcw ih izjk}ziz{ pi}d 2 wf aliko }df ftkq}fhaf ce i pi}d$+ diukhg }df qiof fhmpckh}q ce ihm qvad }di}

$+ \ Q \ Q , D9$$+ Q+ : (

]c qdcw }dkq eia}, mfhf 9 2? ke J9 ? > c}dfzwkqf, tfm ih izjk}ziz{piziof}zkri}kch ce , lf} }9 ihm }: jf }df zq} ihm }df liq} khq}ih} qvad }di}$}+ J9, ihm mfhf 9 }c jf }df pi}d }di} fyvilq kh ^0, }9_ ^}:, 9_, ihm}di} kq }df lkhf qfgofh} achhfa}khg $}9+ }c $}:+ kh ^}9, }:_( Kh }dkq wi{,

9 \ J9 \ J9 , D9$9 J9+ :z9 (


51/161


Hc}f }di} }df oip 9 kq Jczfl qkhaf k} kq ach}khvcvq ch fiad ce }df qf}q

~ 2 J9 ? } , ~ 2 J9 ? } (

Kh }df qiof wi{, zfpliakhg j{ 9 ihm J9 j{ J:, wf mfhf : qc }di}

: \ J: 9 \ J: , D9$: J:+ :z: (

Ihilcgcvql{, }df oip : kq ach}khvcvq ch fiad ce }df ecvz qf}q

~ 2 J9 ? , J: ? } , ~ 2 J9 ? , J: ? } ,~ 2 J9 ? , J: ? } , ~ 2 J9 ? , J: ? } ,

ihm dfhaf kq Jczfl( K}fzi}khg }dkq pzcafmvzf, wf hm i qfyvfhaf ~h} ce pi}dqachhfa}khg $0+ ihm $9+ ihm, j{ achq}zva}kch ihm zfaillkhg }di} kH zk ,wf mfmvaf }di} }df pi}dq h vhkeczol{ achufzgf }c i pi}d $+ wdkad fyvilq cv}qkmf ce Q ihm wk}d

D9$$+ Q+

k

:zk : ,

qc }di} cvz aliko kq pzcufm( Oczfcufz, fiad oip h kq Jczfl ihm dfhafqc kq }dfkz pckh}wkqf lkok} 2 $kh eia}, kq }df acvh}ijlf vhkch ceJczfl qf}q ch fiad ce wdkad }df oip kq ach}khvcvq+(

Ippl{khg hcw Lfooi =(5, wf hm i }(p(o( h wdcqf qvppcz} kq jcvhmfmkh j{ L ihm wdkad kq cp}koil wk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah ( Qkhaf I kq vhkeczol{ach}khvcvq ch ^0, L_, wf mfhc}f j{ k}q ocmvlvq ce ach}khvk}{( ]dfh, eczfufz{ qp} h chf diq j{ achq}zva}kch

D9$$+ h,+ D9$ h+

ihmD

9$$+ \ h,+ D9$ \ h+ . : ,qc }di}

h,$$++ h$+ . $:+ >iq i achqfyvfhaf,

E$h,+ Ah,$!h+ . D$h,+ Ah$h+ . $:+ . D$h+? E$h+ . $:+ ,

$=(1+

qkhaf h, h j{ mfhk}kch ihm D kq hchmfazfiqkhg( Qkhaf h ihmh,

h

, vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf wf aih iqqvof }di} h,

wk}d

(Kh piz}kavliz,

$J+ $Q+ ? 0 ,qkhaf Q kq cpfh ihm h,$Q+ ? 0 ecz ih{ h H(


52/161

== = Zflitfm Pzcjlfo ihm Ftkq}fhaf ce Qclv}kchq

Wf qflfa} hcw i qfyvfhaf b 0, hmkhg }df ofiqvzfq b iq qdcwh ijcuf>wf aih adccqf }df jillq Jd zfli}fm }c fiad b kh qvad i wi{ }di} Qk Qbwdfhfufz k b2 iq i achqfyvfhaf, wf diuf

h,k h,b wdfhfufz k b (Dfhaf, piqqkhg }c i wfin lkok} iq h $adccqkhg i acooch qvjqfyvfhafce khmkafq+, wf diuf k b ecz k b( ]dfzfeczf, b b kq ih khazfiqkhgqfyvfhaf ce ofiqvzfq jcvhmfm j{ ihm wk}d }df pzcpfz}{ }di} b $J+ ? 0ecz ih{ b( Wf mfzkuf }di} b achufzgf q}zchgl{ iq b }c i ofiqvzf wk}d

, $J+ ? 0 , E$+ E$+ >

}df li}}fz pzcpfz}{ koofmki}fl{ ecllcwq j{ $=(1+ zfaillkhg }df lcwfz qfokach/}khvk}{ ce E, }df eia} }di} E$h+ E$+, ihm piqqkhg }c }df lkok} kh $=(1+zq} iq h , ihm }dfh iq 0(

]df ofiqvzf kq }dfh cp}koil jfaivqf qc kq > jv}

$J+ ? 0 < $J+ ,

dfhaf ? > }dkq ach}zimka}q }df eia} }di} kq i okhkoil cp}koilofiqvzf(

Wf izf ijlf hcw }c pzcuf i q}zchgfz zfqvl}, hiofl{, }di} }df okhkoilcp}koil ofiqvzfq ecz E izf achafh}zi}fm ch chf/mkofhqkchil qf}q(

Lfooi =(90( Fufz{ okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzf eczE diq }df eczo

? D9

ecz i qvk}ijlf Jczfl qf} ihm i Jczfl evha}kch 2 Z.(Pzcce( Lf} jf i okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzf, qc }di} }dihnq }c Lfooi =(;wf diuf D9( ]dihnq }c ]dfczfo 1(: kh ^5=_, }df }dfqkq kq iadkfufm ke

9$, t+ 2? lko qvp0

J$t, +

8 0 ecz i(f( t ( $=(=+

Wf pzcuf hcw $=(=+ j{ ach}zimka}kch> }c }dkq iko, }inf i qfyvfhaf

h 2? D9 h

qvad }di}

h , E$+ ? lkoE$h+ (


53/161


Ke $=(=+ mcfq hc} dclm, }dfzf kq i achq}ih} A qvad }di} $T+ 8 A 8 0, wdfzf

T 2? ~t 2 9$, t+ ? 0} (

Ektfm hcw i qoill 8 0 $}di} wf wkll fufh}vill{ qfhm }c 0+, wf nhcw }di}T 8 A, mfhkhgT 2? ~t 2 9$, t+ < } (

Wf mfmvaf }di}

T

8 A ecz qoill fhcvgd $mfpfhmkhg ch +, wdfzf

T 2?

t 2

J$t, +

<

(

Hc}f ilqc }di}, qkhaf wf vqfm alcqfm jillq J$t, +, }df qf} T kq cpfh(Nffpkhg tfm ihm , ecz h lizgf fhcvgd wf mfhf

h 2? h \ Tihm h 2? D

9 h( Wf iko }c qdcw }df ftkq}fhaf ce qcof N$+ 0

0 qvad

}di}E$h+ E$h+ . N$+ ( $=(6+

Wf aliko }di} $=(6+ koplkfq }df }dfqkq( Khmffm, lf} jf i wfin lkok} ce i

qvjqfyvfhaf ce~h}2 qkhaf h h ihm h , chf diq > oczfcufz,qkhaf h$T

+ ? 0 ihm T

kq cpfh, wf cj}ikh $T

+ ? 0 wdklf $T

+ 8 A,

qc }di} A (

Iq i achqfyvfhaf, i wfin lkok} ce i qvjqfyvfhaf ce ~} iq 0 qi}/kqfq ihm A, dfhaf ? ( Jv} ke $=(6+ kq }zvf, iq khLfooi =(; E$+ E$+ ihm }dkq ach}zimka}q }df eia} }di} kq i okhkoilcp}koil ofiqvzf(

Kh czmfz }c gf} $=(6+, qkhaf D9 h D9h, zfaillkhg $:(99+

ihm $:(::+, k} qvfiafq }c qdcw }di} ecz h lizgf fhcvgd $mfpfhmkhg ch + chf

diq

m h$t, {+ mh$t, {+ . N$+ $t, {+ ( $=(5+J{ Lfooi :(95, wf gf} }di} }df evha}kchq m h ihm mh izf fyvk/vhkeczol{ach}khvcvq cufz , qkhaf }dfkz ocmvlk ce ach}khvk}{ aih jf fq}koi}fm j{ofihq ce }df ocmvlvq ce ach}khvk}{ ce I kh ^0, L_( ]dfzfeczf, j{ }df jcvhm/fmhfqq ce , k} qvfiafq }c ufzke{ }df khfyvilk}{ $=(5+ ecz i hk}f hvojfz cepikzq $tk, {k+, ihm dfhaf ecz i gkufh pikz $t, {+(

Lf} hcw $t, {+

jf tfm ihm adccqf pi}dq h ilocq} cp}koil

jf}wffh t ihm { wk}d zfqpfa} }c h kh }df qfhqf }di}

h$h+ mh$t, {+ .9

h(


54/161


K} qvfiafq }c qdcw }di}

h$h+ h$h+ . N$+ $=(7+

ecz ill h lizgf fhcvgd( ]c qdcw $=(7+, wf achqkmfz h iq piziof}zkrfm j{achq}ih} qpffm ihm wf zfaill }di} j{ Lfooi :(95 chf aih iqqvof D9$h+ L ecz h lizgf fhcvgd> dfhaf, vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf, }df pi}dq h vhkeczol{achufzgf }c qcof pi}d ( Wf aliko }di} }dfzf ftkq}q ih h ? h$,t,{+ qvad}di} ecz fufz{ } ^0, 9_ ihm h h chf diq

h

J$h$}+, #:+ J$h$}+, +. ( $=(4+

Kh eia}, ecz fiad tfm } ^0, 9_ wf diuf

hJh$}+, =5

Jh$}+, 65

. , $=(;+wdfhfufz h h$},,t,{+( Qkhaf }df pi}dq h izf piziof}zkrfm j{ achq}ih}qpffm ihm diuf lfhg}d jcvhmfm j{ L, }dfh

J

h$}+,1

5

J

h$}+,=

5

, J

h$}+,6

5

J

h$}+,

, $=(90+

wdfhfufz

|} }|

5L (Ezco $=(;+ ihm $=(90+ wf mfmvaf }df uilkmk}{ ce $=(4+ ecz ill h h$},,t,{+ihm ecz ill } qi}kqe{khg

|} }| 5L

(

Dfhaf, j{ acopia}hfqq ce ^0, 9_, wf gf} }df uilkmk}{ ce $=(4+ ecz ill h h$,t,{+ $k(f( wk}d h khmfpfhmfh} ce }+(

]inf hcw h h$,t,{+ ihm } ^0, 9_ qvad }di} h$}+ T 2 }df mfhk}kchce T ihm }df ijcuf fq}koi}f fhqvzf }di}

h

J$h$}+, #:+ : (

Qf}}khg }dfhM} 2? ^} #$:uh+, } . #$:uh+_ ,

wdfzfuh ? D

9$h+ ? |h$}+|ecz fufz{ } ^0, 9_, chf diq }di} D9

h$M}+

? , wdklf

D9 h

h$M}+ hJ$h$}+, #:+ : ? :D9h$M}+ (Hcw wf aih acufz 9h

T

j{ i hk}f hvojfz ce kh}fzuilq ce }df eczo ceM} kh qvad i wi{ }di} hc khq}ih} } ^0, 9_ jflchgq }c oczf }dih }wc qvad


55/161


kh}fzuilq( Iq i achqfyvfhaf, wf koofmki}fl{ khefz

D9$h+

D9 h

h T

=

$=(99+

qc, mfhkhg

i 2? D9$h \ h+ , j 2? D9 h

h T

, a 2? D

9 h$h+ ,wf oi{ qvooizkrf wdi} cj}ikhfm j{ }df fyvilk}kfq

h$h+ ? I

i

. J

j . a

, h$h+ ? I

i . j

. J

a

> $=(9:+

oczfcufz,

i . j . a ? uh L (Ekhill{, $=(99+ ihm }df mfhk}kch ce i, j ihm a gkuf

i . j . a j=

(

]dkq koplkfq }di} j = L ihm dfhaf, j{ $=(9:+ ihm j{ }df vhkeczo ach}khvk}{ce I ch }df acopia} qf} ^0, L_ Z, wf gf}

h$h+ h$h+ ? Ii . j. Ja Ii Jj . a Ii . j Ii I$=L+ ,wdfzf I q}ihmq ecz }df ocmvlvq ce ach}khvk}{ ce I cufz }df kh}fzuil ^0, L_(Dfhaf, $=(7+ kq pzcufm wk}d

N$+ 2? I$=L+ ,

wdkad }dfzfeczf achalvmfq }df pzcce(

Wf aih gc hcw evz}dfz, qdcwkhg }di} }df qf} kh liq} lfooi aih jf adcqfhzfa}kijlf(

Lfooi =(99( Ih{ okhkoil cp}koil ofiqvzf kq achafh}zi}fm ch i zfa}kijlfqf} (

Pzcce( Lf} vq }inf ih izjk}ziz{ cp}koil ofiqvzf ihm i okhkokrkhg qfyvfhafh ? D

9 h ecz }df evha}kchil E, k(f( h ihm E$h+ E$+( ]df

q}zi}fg{ }c iadkfuf }df achalvqkch wkll jf }c achq}zva} ih cp}koil ofiqvzf

achafh}zi}fm ch i zfa}kijlf qf}2 j{ Mfhk}kch =(7 ce okhkoilk}{ ce ih

cp}koil ofiqvzf, }dkq {kflmq }df }dfqkq(KeE$+ ? E$+, }dfzf kq hc}dkhg }c pzcuf( C}dfzwkqf,

N 2? E$+ E$+ 8 0 ,


56/161


qc }di} ecz h qvfiakfh}l{ lizgf chf diq

E$+ E$h+ 8 N:

(

Iaaczmkhg }c Pzcpcqk}kch :(9=, ecz h lizgf fhcvgd wf }inf i }(p(o( h qvad}di}

Ah$h+ ON$h+ < E$+ E$h+ N#: (]dfzfeczf,

ID

9$+ ID9$ \ h+ mh

I

D

9$+

I

D

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$=(91+

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e. ? e ? 9 ,wf mfmvaf }df ftkq}fhaf ce pi}dq

h qp}

hqvad }di}

ID

9$h+ ID9$h \ h+ N

:( $=(9=+

J{ Lfooi =(5, qkhaf h qp} h ihm }df qfyvfhaf ~h} kq ilocq} cp}koilwk}d zfqpfa} }c Ah , wf oi{ iqqvof }di}

D9$h+ L >

}dvq, }dihnq }c }df vhkeczo ach}khvk}{ ceI kh ^0, L_, ezco $=(9=+ wf khefz }di}

h$h+ ? D9 h$h+ ? D

9h h ? D9$h+ D9$h \ h+ 9$N#:+ ,

wdfzf q}ihmq ecz }df ocmvlvq ce ach}khvk}{ ce I kh ^0, L_, ihm 9$N#:+q}ihmq ecz }df jkggfq} hvojfz t 8 0 qvad }di} $t+ N#: $}dkq kq i qlkgd}ijvqf ce hc}i}kchq, qkhaf oi{ jf hc} q}zka}l{ khazfiqkhg+( Qkhaf ~h} kq iqfyvfhaf ce pi}dq ce Fvalkmfih lfhg}d jcvhmfm j{ L wf oi{ iqqvof, vp }ci qvjqfyvfhaf, }di} }df pi}dq h vhkeczol{ achufzgf }c qcof pi}d

,

}dvq kh piz}kavliz }df zfqpfa}kuf }ziafq h$^0, 9_+ achufzgf kh }df Divqmczffmkq}ihaf }c A9 ? $^0, 9_+( Igikh vp }c i qvjqfyvfhaf, wf iqqvof }di}

h h 9


57/161

=(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Zflitfm Okhkokrfzq =;

qc }di}, qkhaf A9 kq alcqfm, wf mfmvaf }di} 9 kq achafh}zi}fm kh A92 kh eia},ecz fufz{ cpfh qf} V qvad }di} mkq} $V, A9+ 8 0 chf diq

9$V+ lko kheh

h h$V+ ? 0 (

]dihnq }c Lfooi =(9, wf diuf

9 9$N#:+ (

Hc}kakhg }di} 9 , wf cj}ikh }df fq}koi}fq

$A9+ 9$A9+ 9$N#:+ 8 0 (

Wf wih} hcw }c k}fzi}f }df ijcuf izgvofh}2 }c }dkq iko, wf aill

h 2? h \ hqc }di}

h ? D9 h 9 (

Wf vqf hcw ih izgvofh} qkokliz }c }df pzfukcvq chf2 ke E$9+ E$+, }dfh9 kq ih cp}koil ofiqvzf ihm wf achalvmf( C}dfzwkqf,

N 2? E$9+ E$+ 8 0 ,

qc }di} ecz h qvfiakfh}l{ lizgf

h 2? E$h h+ E$h+ N

:8 0 2

khmffm, wf nhcw }di} E$h+ E$+ ihm j{ lcwfz qfokach}khvk}{ ceE chf diq

lko kheE$h h+ E$9+ (

Izgvkhg iq kh $=(91+, adccqkhg }df qfyvfhaf~

h}

ilocq} cp}koil ecz Ah

$hkq pcqqkjl{ mkfffzfh} ezco }df chfq ce }df zq} q}fp+, hc}kakhg }di}

h h ? D9 $h h+

ihm zfaillkhg }di}D

9$h+ D9$h h+ecz ih{ h, chf diq }df zfli}kchqdkp

Ahh$h+ Ah$h+ O N$h h+ ON$h+ h? E$h h+ D$D9$h h++ E$h+ . D$D9$h++ h E$h h+ E$h+ h ? N#: (


58/161

60 = Zflitfm Pzcjlfo ihm Ftkq}fhaf ce Qclv}kchq

]dfzfeczf, ecz h lizgf fhcvgd, chf diq

ID

9$ \ h+ . D9$ h \ h+ ID9$ \ h+ mh

ID9$ \ h+ . D9$ h \ h+. J

D

9$ h+ D9$ h \ h+

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9$ \ h+

. JD

9$ h+

mh

?

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9$ \ $h h++

. JD

9$ $h h++ h$+ mh

? Ahh$h+ Ah$h+ N

: (

Iq jfeczf, wf mfmvaf }df ftkq}fhaf ce i qfyvfhaf ce pi}dq ~h} qp} h celfhg}dq jcvhmfm j{ L ihm wk}d

ID

9$h \ h+ . D9$h h \ h+ ID9$h \ h+ N

:,

qc }di}h$h+ ? D

9$h

h\

h+

9$N#:+ (

Igikh, j{ Lfooi =(9 wf hm i ofiqvzf : achafh}zi}fm kh i avzuf A: ce lfhg}d jcvhmfm j{ L $A: kq }df Divqmczff lkok} ce }df }ziafq h$^0, 9_++,qvad }di}

h h : , ihm : 9$N#:+ (

Zfaillkhg }di} h 9, wf mfmvaf 9 . : (

Wf k}fzi}f }dkq izgvofh}, hmkhg ofiqvzfq k achafh}zi}fm kh avzufq Ak

ihm qvad }di} h 2? 9 . : . . hkq ih khazfiqkhg qfyvfhaf ce pcqk}kuf ofiqvzfq wk}d h > qkhaf < .,wf mfmvaf }di} h achufzgfq q}zchgl{ }c i ofiqvzf wk}d ( Hcw,j{ achq}zva}kch wf diuf }di}

h.9 h ? h.9 9E$h+ E$+#: >jv} qkhaf h

q}zchgl{, wf khefz }di}h.9 h 0 ,


59/161

=(: Pzcpfz}kfq ce Zflitfm Okhkokrfzq 69

}dfh9

E$h+ E$+

#:

0 (Nffpkhg kh okhm }di} kq }df ocmvlvq ce ach}khvk}{ ce }df evha}kch I

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