Histology Slides 5

Human Anatomy Lab

Blood• Structure: Contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets;

soluble (dissolved) protein fibers and a watery ground substance form a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma

• Function: Erythrocytes transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. Leukocytes initiate and control immune response. Plasma contains clotting elements to stop blood loss. Platelets help with blood clotting. Plasma transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones throughout the body

• Location: Primarily within blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and the heart; leukocytes are also located in lymphatic organs and can migrate to infected or inflamed tissue in the body

Bone

• Structure: Compact Bone: Calcified matrix arranged in osteons (concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal containing blood vessels). Spongy Bone: Lacks the organization of compact bone; contains macroscopicspaces; bone arranged in a meshwork pattern.

• Function: Supports soft structures; protects vital organs; provides levers for movement; stores calcium and phosphorus. Spongy bone is the site of hemopoiesis

• Location: Bones of the body

Bone

• Structure: Compact Bone: Calcified matrix arranged in osteons (concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal containing blood vessels). Spongy Bone: Lacks the organization of compact bone; contains macroscopicspaces; bone arranged in a meshwork pattern.

• Function: Supports soft structures; protects vital organs; provides levers for movement; stores calcium and phosphorus. Spongy bone is the site of hemopoiesis

• Location: Bones of the body

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

• Structure: Single layer of tall, narrow, ciliated cells; oval-shaped nucleus oriented lengthwise in the basal region of the cell; goblet cells may be present

• Function: Secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface of epithelium by action of cilia; oocyte movement through uterine tube

• Location: Lining of uterine tubes and larger bronchioles of respiratory tract

Elastic Cartilage

• Structure: Contains abundant elastic fibers; elastic fibers form web-like mesh around lacunae; perichondrium present

• Function: Maintain structure and shape while permitting extensive flexibility

• Location: External ear, epiglottis of the larynx

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• Structure: Predominately collagen fibers, randomly arranged and clumped together; fibroblasts in spaces among fibers; more ground substance than in dense regular connective tissue

• Function: Withstands stresses applied in all direction; durable

• Location: Dermis; periosteum covering bone; perichondrium covering cartilage, and organ capsules

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

• Structure: Single layer of cells with varying heights that appears multilayered; all cells connect to the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the apical surface. Ciliated form has goblet cells and cilia; nonciliated form lacks goblet cells and cilia.

• Function: Protection; ciliated form also involved in secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across surface by ciliary action

• Location: Ciliated form lines most of respiratory tract, including nasal cavity, part of pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Nonciliated form is rare; lines epididymis and part of male urethra

Blood• Structure: Contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets;

soluble (dissolved) protein fibers and a watery ground substance form a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma

• Function: Erythrocytes transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. Leukocytes initiate and control immune response. Plasma contains clotting elements to stop blood loss. Platelets help with blood clotting. Plasma transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones throughout the body

• Location: Primarily within blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and the heart; leukocytes are also located in lymphatic organs and can migrate to infected or inflamed tissue in the body