Chapter 10 Blood

Physical Characteristics

• Fluid– Living 45%

• Cells– RBC Erythrocytes (carry oxygen)– WBC Leukocytes (immune) – Platelets (clotting)

– Non living (Matrix) 55%• Plasma (straw colored)

– 90% water– 10 %

» Salt, nutrients, proteins (albumin), waste, gases, hormones

HEMOCRIT: Ratio of RBCs to Plasma

BUFFY COAT

Blood in the BODY

• 5-6 liters = 6 quarts

• pH of 7.35 -7.45

• Color is dependent on amount of Oxygen– More oxygen = brighter the red– Less oxygen = duller the red

BLOOD HISTOLOGYRED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Erythrocytes• RBC

– Lack Nucleus– Hemoglobin (250,000,000/rbc)– 4 Fe/ Hemoglobin– Fe binds to Oxygen

• Lack of RBC– Hemorrhagic, hemolytic

• Lack of Hemoglobin– Iron Deficiency

• Malformed RBC– Sickle cell anemia

BLOOD HISTOLOGYRED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

MONOCYTE

Basophil

EOSINOPHIL

Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

Neutrophil and Lymphocyte

Platelet and Neutrophil

Monocyte and Lymphocyte

Leukocytes WBC

• Can move in and out of circulatory system (blood and lymph) into tissues– Diapededis – Immune response in areas of trauma to fight

infection.

• 4000-11,000 = Normal Levels11,000 Leukocytosis

< 11,000 Leukopenia (drugs/steroids)

Leukocyte Classification

• Granules:– Neutrophil

• Acute infection

– Eosinophils• Allergy

– Basophils• Histamine for sites of inflammation

Leukocyte Classification

• No Granules– Lymphocytes

• B and T cells– Tumors and viruses

» Long term immunity

– Monocytes• Inactive macrophages

– Chronic infections– “pac man”

Platelet

Platelets• Megacells that “divide and conquer” during

blood loss. – Regulated by thrombopoitin

• Hemostasis “stop blood loss”– Release collagen fibers (net)– Release platelets (stick in net)

• Platelets cause serotonin to be released which causes the vessel to shrink = less blood

– Thrombin• Release fibrin to cement the clot

Clotting Disorders

• Clotting– Thrombus

• Large clot that reduce blood flow

– Embolus• Broken off thrombus that can lead to an embolism

(stuck in capillary and break vessel)• TREATMENT ANTICOAGULANTS

– Bleeding• Lack platelets

– Thrombocytopenia

• Lack all clotting factors– Hemophilia

Blood Cell Formation

• Hematopoiesis– Made in red bone marrow (flat bones)

• Precursor cell is a hemocytoblast – Takes 5-7 days to make these cells– Myeloid (red)– Lymphoid (white)– Regulated by erthropoietin (rbcs live 120 days

and are broken down by• Liver and spleen

BLOOD TYPES

UNIVERSALITYBLOOD TYPE

SURFACE PROTEIN

ANTIBODY RECEIVE FROM

A A B A or O

B B A B or O

AB A B None A, B, AB, O

Universal acceptor

O None A, B 0

Universal Donor