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CPU12RG/DRev. 2, 11/2001
CPU12 Reference Guide(for HCS12 and original M68HC12)
Reference Guide
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Figure 1. Programming Model
7
15
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15
15
D
X
Y
SP
PC
A B
NS X H I Z V C
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
CONDITION CODE REGISTER
8-BIT ACCUMULATORS A AND B
16-BIT DOUBLE ACCUMULATOR D
INDEX REGISTER X
INDEX REGISTER Y
STACK POINTER
PROGRAM COUNTER
OR
STOP DISABLE (IGNORE STOP OPCODES)RESET DEFAULT IS 1
CARRY
OVERFLOW
ZERO
NEGATIVE
MASK (DISABLE) IRQ INTERRUPTS
HALF-CARRY (USED IN BCD ARITHMETIC)
MASK (DISABLE) XIRQ INTERRUPTSRESET OR XIRQ SET X,INSTRUCTIONS MAY CLEAR X BUT CANNOT SET X
© Motorola, Inc., 2001
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Stack and Memory Layout
Interrupt Vector Locations
Notation Used in Instruction Set Summary
SP BEFOREINTERRUPT
SP AFTERINTERRUPT
HIGHER ADDRESSES
LOWER ADDRESSES
RTNLO
RTNHI
YLO
YHI
XLO
XHI
A
B
CCR
STACK UPON ENTRY TO SERVICE ROUTINEIF SP WAS ODD BEFORE INTERRUPT
STACK UPON ENTRY TO SERVICE ROUTINEIF SP WAS EVEN BEFORE INTERRUPT
SP +8 RTNLO SP +9 SP +9 SP +10
SP +6 YLO RTNHI SP +7 SP +7 RTNHI RTNLO SP +8
SP +4 XLO YHI SP +5 SP +5 YHI YLO SP +6
SP +2 A XHI SP +3 SP +4 XHI XLO SP +4
SP CCR B SP +1 SP +1 B A SP +2
SP –2 SP –1 SP –1 CCR SP
$FFFE, $FFFF$FFFC, $FFFD$FFFA, $FFFB$FFF8, $FFF9$FFF6, $FFF7$FFF4, $FFF5$FFF2, $FFF3$FFC0–$FFF1
Power-On (POR) or External ResetClock Monitor ResetComputer Operating Properly (COP Watchdog ResetUnimplemented Opcode TrapSoftware Interrupt Instruction (SWI)XIRQIRQDevice-Specific Interrupt Sources
CPU Register NotationAccumulator A — A or a Index Register Y — Y or yAccumulator B — B or b Stack Pointer — SP, sp, or sAccumulator D — D or d Program Counter — PC, pc, or pIndex Register X — X or x Condition Code Register — CCR or c
2 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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Explanation of Italic Expressions in Source Form Columnabc — A or B or CCR
abcdxys — A or B or CCR or D or X or Y or SP. Some assemblers also allow T2 or T3.abd — A or B or D
abdxys — A or B or D or X or Y or SPdxys — D or X or Y or SP
msk8 — 8-bit mask, some assemblers require # symbol before valueopr8i — 8-bit immediate value
opr16i — 16-bit immediate valueopr8a — 8-bit address used with direct address mode
opr16a — 16-bit address valueoprx0_xysp — Indexed addressing postbyte code:
oprx3,–xys Predecrement X or Y or SP by 1 . . . 8oprx3,+xys Preincrement X or Y or SP by 1 . . . 8oprx3,xys– Postdecrement X or Y or SP by 1 . . . 8oprx3,xys+ Postincrement X or Y or SP by 1 . . . 8oprx5,xysp 5-bit constant offset from X or Y or SP or PCabd,xysp Accumulator A or B or D offset from X or Y or SP or PC
oprx3 — Any positive integer 1 . . . 8 for pre/post increment/decrementoprx5 — Any integer in the range –16 . . . +15oprx9 — Any integer in the range –256 . . . +255
oprx16 — Any integer in the range –32,768 . . . 65,535page — 8-bit value for PPAGE, some assemblers require # symbol before this value
rel8 — Label of branch destination within –256 to +255 locationsrel9 — Label of branch destination within –512 to +511 locations
rel16 — Any label within 64K memory spacetrapnum — Any 8-bit integer in the range $30-$39 or $40-$FF
xys — X or Y or SPxysp — X or Y or SP or PC
Operators
+ — Addition
±
— Subtraction
• — Logical AND
+ — Logical OR (inclusive)
⊕ — Logical exclusive OR
× — Multiplication
÷ — Division
M — Negation. One’s complement (invert each bit of M)
: — ConcatenateExample: A : B means the 16-bit value formed by concatenating 8-bit accumulator A with 8-bit accumulator B.A is in the high-order position.
Continued on next page
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 3
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Operators (continued)
⇒ — TransferExample: (A) ⇒ M means the content of accumulator A is transferred to memory location M.
⇔ — ExchangeExample: D ⇔ X means exchange the contents of D with those of X.
Address Mode NotationINH — Inherent; no operands in object codeIMM — Immediate; operand in object codeDIR — Direct; operand is the lower byte of an address from $0000 to $00FFEXT — Operand is a 16-bit addressREL — Two’s complement relative offset; for branch instructionsIDX — Indexed (no extension bytes); includes:
5-bit constant offset from X, Y, SP, or PCPre/post increment/decrement by 1 . . . 8Accumulator A, B, or D offset
IDX1 — 9-bit signed offset from X, Y, SP, or PC; 1 extension byteIDX2 — 16-bit signed offset from X, Y, SP, or PC; 2 extension bytes
[IDX2] — Indexed-indirect; 16-bit offset from X, Y, SP, or PC[D, IDX] — Indexed-indirect; accumulator D offset from X, Y, SP, or PC
Machine Codingdd — 8-bit direct address $0000 to $00FF. (High byte assumed to be $00).ee — High-order byte of a 16-bit constant offset for indexed addressing.eb — Exchange/Transfer post-byte. See Table 3 on page 22.ff — Low-order eight bits of a 9-bit signed constant offset for indexed addressing,
or low-order byte of a 16-bit constant offset for indexed addressing.hh — High-order byte of a 16-bit extended address.ii — 8-bit immediate data value.jj — High-order byte of a 16-bit immediate data value.kk — Low-order byte of a 16-bit immediate data value.lb — Loop primitive (DBNE) post-byte. See Table 4 on page 23.ll — Low-order byte of a 16-bit extended address.mm — 8-bit immediate mask value for bit manipulation instructions.
Set bits indicate bits to be affected.pg — Program page (bank) number used in CALL instruction.qq — High-order byte of a 16-bit relative offset for long branches.tn — Trap number $30–$39 or $40–$FF.rr — Signed relative offset $80 (–128) to $7F (+127).
Offset relative to the byte following the relative offset byte, orlow-order byte of a 16-bit relative offset for long branches.
xb — Indexed addressing post-byte. See Table 1 on page 20 and Table 2 on page 21.
4 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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Access Detail
Each code letter except (,), and comma equals one CPU cycle. Uppercase = 16-bit operation and lowercase = 8-bit operation. For complex sequences see the CPU12 Reference Manual (CPU12RM/AD) for more detailed information.
Condition Codes Columns
f — Free cycle, CPU doesn’t use busg — Read PPAGE internallyI — Read indirect pointer (indexed indirect)i — Read indirect PPAGE value (CALL indirect only)n — Write PPAGE internallyO — Optional program word fetch (P) if instruction is misaligned and has
an odd number of bytes of object code — otherwise, appears as a free cycle (f); Page 2 prebyte treated as a separate 1-byte instruction
P — Program word fetch (always an aligned-word read)r — 8-bit data readR — 16-bit data reads — 8-bit stack writeS — 16-bit stack writew — 8-bit data writeW — 16-bit data writeu — 8-bit stack readU — 16-bit stack readV — 16-bit vector fetch (always an aligned-word read)t — 8-bit conditional read (or free cycle)T — 16-bit conditional read (or free cycle)x — 8-bit conditional write (or free cycle)
() — Indicate a microcode loop, — Indicates where an interrupt could be honored
Special Cases
PPP/P — Short branch, PPP if branch taken, P if notOPPP/OPO — Long branch, OPPP if branch taken, OPO if not
– — Status bit not affected by operation.0 — Status bit cleared by operation.1 — Status bit set by operation.∆ — Status bit affected by operation.? — Status bit may be cleared or remain set, but is not set by operation.⇑ — Status bit may be set or remain cleared, but is not cleared by operation.? — Status bit may be changed by operation but the final state is not defined.! — Status bit used for a special purpose.
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 5
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Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 1 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
ABA (A) + (B) ⇒ AAdd Accumulators A and B
INH 18 06 OO OO – – ∆ – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ABX (B) + (X) ⇒ XTranslates to LEAX B,X
IDX 1A E5 Pf PP1 – – – – – – – –
ABY (B) + (Y) ⇒ YTranslates to LEAY B,Y
IDX 19 ED Pf PP1 – – – – – – – –
ADCA #opr8iADCA opr8aADCA opr16aADCA oprx0_xyspADCA oprx9,xyspADCA oprx16,xyspADCA [D,xysp]ADCA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) + (M) + C ⇒ AAdd with Carry to A
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
89 ii99 ddB9 hh llA9 xbA9 xb ffA9 xb ee ffA9 xbA9 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
flPrfPfIPrfP
– – ∆ – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ADCB #opr8iADCB opr8aADCB opr16aADCB oprx0_xyspADCB oprx9,xyspADCB oprx16,xyspADCB [D,xysp]ADCB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) + (M) + C ⇒ BAdd with Carry to B
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C9 iiD9 ddF9 hh llE9 xbE9 xb ffE9 xb ee ffE9 xbE9 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – ∆ – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ADDA #opr8iADDA opr8aADDA opr16aADDA oprx0_xyspADDA oprx9,xyspADDA oprx16,xyspADDA [D,xysp]ADDA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) + (M) ⇒ AAdd without Carry to A
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8B ii9B ddBB hh llAB xbAB xb ffAB xb ee ffAB xbAB xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – ∆ – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ADDB #opr8iADDB opr8aADDB opr16aADDB oprx0_xyspADDB oprx9,xyspADDB oprx16,xyspADDB [D,xysp]ADDB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) + (M) ⇒ BAdd without Carry to B
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CB iiDB ddFB hh llEB xbEB xb ffEB xb ee ffEB xbEB xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – ∆ – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ADDD #opr16iADDD opr8aADDD opr16aADDD oprx0_xyspADDD oprx9,xyspADDD oprx16,xyspADDD [D,xysp]ADDD [oprx16,xysp]
(A:B) + (M:M+1) ⇒ A:BAdd 16-Bit to D (A:B)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C3 jj kkD3 ddF3 hh llE3 xbE3 xb ffE3 xb ee ffE3 xbE3 xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ANDA #opr8iANDA opr8aANDA opr16aANDA oprx0_xyspANDA oprx9,xyspANDA oprx16,xyspANDA [D,xysp]ANDA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) • (M) ⇒ ALogical AND A with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
84 ii94 ddB4 hh llA4 xbA4 xb ffA4 xb ee ffA4 xbA4 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
ANDB #opr8iANDB opr8aANDB opr16aANDB oprx0_xyspANDB oprx9,xyspANDB oprx16,xyspANDB [D,xysp]ANDB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) • (M) ⇒ BLogical AND B with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C4 iiD4 ddF4 hh llE4 xbE4 xb ffE4 xb ee ffE4 xbE4 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
ANDCC #opr8i (CCR) • (M) ⇒ CCRLogical AND CCR with Memory
IMM 10 ii P P ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓
Note 1. Due to internal CPU requirements, the program word fetch is performed twice to the same address during this instruction.
6 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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ASL opr16aASL oprx0_xyspASL oprx9,xyspASL oprx16,xyspASL [D,xysp]ASL [oprx16,xysp]ASLAASLB
Arithmetic Shift Left
Arithmetic Shift Left Accumulator AArithmetic Shift Left Accumulator B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
78 hh ll68 xb68 xb ff68 xb ee ff68 xb68 xb ee ff4858
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ASLD
Arithmetic Shift Left Double
INH 59 O O – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ASR opr16aASR oprx0_xyspASR oprx9,xyspASR oprx16,xyspASR [D,xysp]ASR [oprx16,xysp]ASRAASRB
Arithmetic Shift Right
Arithmetic Shift Right Accumulator AArithmetic Shift Right Accumulator B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
77 hh ll67 xb67 xb ff67 xb ee ff67 xb67 xb ee ff4757
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
BCC rel8 Branch if Carry Clear (if C = 0) REL 24 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BCLR opr8a, msk8BCLR opr16a, msk8BCLR oprx0_xysp, msk8BCLR oprx9,xysp, msk8BCLR oprx16,xysp, msk8
(M) • (mm) ⇒ MClear Bit(s) in Memory
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
4D dd mm1D hh ll mm0D xb mm0D xb ff mm0D xb ee ff mm
rPwOrPwPrPwOrPwPfrPwPO
rPOwrPPwrPOwrPwP
frPwOP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
BCS rel8 Branch if Carry Set (if C = 1) REL 25 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BEQ rel8 Branch if Equal (if Z = 1) REL 27 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BGE rel8 Branch if Greater Than or Equal(if N ⊕ V = 0) (signed)
REL 2C rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BGND Place CPU in Background Modesee CPU12 Reference Manual
INH 00 VfPPP VfPPP – – – – – – – –
BGT rel8 Branch if Greater Than(if Z + (N ⊕ V) = 0) (signed)
REL 2E rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BHI rel8 Branch if Higher(if C + Z = 0) (unsigned)
REL 22 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BHS rel8 Branch if Higher or Same (if C = 0) (unsigned) same function as BCC
REL 24 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BITA #opr8iBITA opr8aBITA opr16aBITA oprx0_xyspBITA oprx9,xyspBITA oprx16,xyspBITA [D,xysp]BITA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) • (M)Logical AND A with MemoryDoes not change Accumulator or Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
85 ii95 ddB5 hh llA5 xbA5 xb ffA5 xb ee ffA5 xbA5 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
BITB #opr8iBITB opr8aBITB opr16aBITB oprx0_xyspBITB oprx9,xyspBITB oprx16,xyspBITB [D,xysp]BITB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) • (M)Logical AND B with MemoryDoes not change Accumulator or Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C5 iiD5 ddF5 hh llE5 xbE5 xb ffE5 xb ee ffE5 xbE5 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
BLE rel8 Branch if Less Than or Equal(if Z + (N ⊕ V) = 1) (signed)
REL 2F rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BLO rel8 Branch if Lower(if C = 1) (unsigned)same function as BCS
REL 25 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
Note 1. PPP/P indicates this instruction takes three cycles to refill the instruction queue if the branch is taken and one program fetch cycle if the branch is not taken.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 2 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
C0
b7 b0
C0
b7 b0A Bb7b0
Cb7 b0
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 7
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BLS rel8 Branch if Lower or Same(if C + Z = 1) (unsigned)
REL 23 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BLT rel8 Branch if Less Than(if N ⊕ V = 1) (signed)
REL 2D rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BMI rel8 Branch if Minus (if N = 1) REL 2B rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BNE rel8 Branch if Not Equal (if Z = 0) REL 26 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BPL rel8 Branch if Plus (if N = 0) REL 2A rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BRA rel8 Branch Always (if 1 = 1) REL 20 rr PPP PPP – – – – – – – –
BRCLR opr8a, msk8, rel8BRCLR opr16a, msk8, rel8BRCLR oprx0_xysp, msk8, rel8BRCLR oprx9,xysp, msk8, rel8BRCLR oprx16,xysp, msk8, rel8
Branch if (M) • (mm) = 0(if All Selected Bit(s) Clear)
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
4F dd mm rr1F hh ll mm rr0F xb mm rr0F xb ff mm rr0F xb ee ff mm rr
rPPPrfPPPrPPPrfPPPPrfPPP
rPPPrfPPPrPPP
rffPPPfrPffPPP
– – – – – – – –
BRN rel8 Branch Never (if 1 = 0) REL 21 rr P P – – – – – – – –
BRSET opr8, msk8, rel8BRSET opr16a, msk8, rel8BRSET oprx0_xysp, msk8, rel8BRSET oprx9,xysp, msk8, rel8BRSET oprx16,xysp, msk8, rel8
Branch if (M) • (mm) = 0(if All Selected Bit(s) Set)
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
4E dd mm rr1E hh ll mm rr0E xb mm rr0E xb ff mm rr0E xb ee ff mm rr
rPPPrfPPPrPPPrfPPPPrfPPP
rPPPrfPPPrPPP
rffPPPfrPffPPP
– – – – – – – –
BSET opr8, msk8BSET opr16a, msk8BSET oprx0_xysp, msk8BSET oprx9,xysp, msk8BSET oprx16,xysp, msk8
(M) + (mm) ⇒ MSet Bit(s) in Memory
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
4C dd mm1C hh ll mm0C xb mm0C xb ff mm0C xb ee ff mm
rPwOrPwPrPwOrPwPfrPwPO
rPOwrPPwrPOwrPwP
frPwOP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
BSR rel8 (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1)Subroutine address ⇒ PCBranch to Subroutine
REL 07 rr SPPP PPPS – – – – – – – –
BVC rel8 Branch if Overflow Bit Clear (if V = 0) REL 28 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
BVS rel8 Branch if Overflow Bit Set (if V = 1) REL 29 rr PPP/P1 PPP/P1 – – – – – – – –
CALL opr16a, pageCALL oprx0_xysp, pageCALL oprx9,xysp, pageCALL oprx16,xysp, pageCALL [D,xysp]CALL [oprx16, xysp]
(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1)(SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (PPG) ⇒ M(SP); pg ⇒ PPAGE register; Program address ⇒ PC
Call subroutine in extended memory(Program may be located on anotherexpansion memory page.)
Indirect modes get program addressand new pg value based on pointer.
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
4A hh ll pg4B xb pg4B xb ff pg4B xb ee ff pg4B xb4B xb ee ff
gnSsPPPgnSsPPPgnSsPPPfgnSsPPPfIignSsPPPfIignSsPPP
gnfSsPPPgnfSsPPPgnfSsPPPfgnfSsPPPfIignSsPPPfIignSsPPP
– – – – – – – –
CBA (A) – (B)Compare 8-Bit Accumulators
INH 18 17 OO OO – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
CLC 0 ⇒ CTranslates to ANDCC #$FE
IMM 10 FE P P – – – – – – – 0
CLI 0 ⇒ ITranslates to ANDCC #$EF(enables I-bit interrupts)
IMM 10 EF P P – – – 0 – – – –
CLR opr16aCLR oprx0_xyspCLR oprx9,xyspCLR oprx16,xyspCLR [D,xysp]CLR [oprx16,xysp]CLRACLRB
0 ⇒ M Clear Memory Location
0 ⇒ A Clear Accumulator A0 ⇒ B Clear Accumulator B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
79 hh ll69 xb69 xb ff69 xb ee ff69 xb69 xb ee ff87C7
PwOPwPwOPwPPIfwPIPwOO
wOPPwPwOPwP
PIfPwPIPPw
OO
– – – – 0 1 0 0
CLV 0 ⇒ VTranslates to ANDCC #$FD
IMM 10 FD P P – – – – – – 0 –
Note 1. PPP/P indicates this instruction takes three cycles to refill the instruction queue if the branch is taken and one program fetch cycle if the branch is not taken.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 3 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
8 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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CMPA #opr8iCMPA opr8aCMPA opr16aCMPA oprx0_xyspCMPA oprx9,xyspCMPA oprx16,xyspCMPA [D,xysp]CMPA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) – (M)Compare Accumulator A with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
81 ii91 ddB1 hh llA1 xbA1 xb ffA1 xb ee ffA1 xb A1 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
CMPB #opr8iCMPB opr8aCMPB opr16aCMPB oprx0_xyspCMPB oprx9,xyspCMPB oprx16,xyspCMPB [D,xysp]CMPB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) – (M)Compare Accumulator B with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C1 iiD1 ddF1 hh llE1 xbE1 xb ffE1 xb ee ffE1 xbE1 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
COM opr16aCOM oprx0_xyspCOM oprx9,xyspCOM oprx16,xyspCOM [D,xysp]COM [oprx16,xysp]COMACOMB
(M) ⇒ M equivalent to $FF – (M) ⇒ M1’s Complement Memory Location
(A) ⇒ A Complement Accumulator A(B) ⇒ B Complement Accumulator B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
71 hh ll61 xb61 xb ff61 xb ee ff61 xb61 xb ee ff4151
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 1
CPD #opr16iCPD opr8aCPD opr16aCPD oprx0_xyspCPD oprx9,xyspCPD oprx16,xyspCPD [D,xysp]CPD [oprx16,xysp]
(A:B) – (M:M+1)Compare D to Memory (16-Bit)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8C jj kk9C ddBC hh llAC xbAC xb ffAC xb ee ffAC xbAC xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
CPS #opr16iCPS opr8aCPS opr16aCPS oprx0_xyspCPS oprx9,xyspCPS oprx16,xyspCPS [D,xysp]CPS [oprx16,xysp]
(SP) – (M:M+1)Compare SP to Memory (16-Bit)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8F jj kk9F ddBF hh llAF xbAF xb ffAF xb ee ffAF xbAF xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
CPX #opr16iCPX opr8aCPX opr16aCPX oprx0_xyspCPX oprx9,xyspCPX oprx16,xyspCPX [D,xysp]CPX [oprx16,xysp]
(X) – (M:M+1)Compare X to Memory (16-Bit)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8E jj kk9E ddBE hh llAE xbAE xb ffAE xb ee ffAE xbAE xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
CPY #opr16iCPY opr8aCPY opr16aCPY oprx0_xyspCPY oprx9,xyspCPY oprx16,xyspCPY [D,xysp]CPY [oprx16,xysp]
(Y) – (M:M+1)Compare Y to Memory (16-Bit)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8D jj kk9D ddBD hh llAD xbAD xb ffAD xb ee ffAD xbAD xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
DAA Adjust Sum to BCDDecimal Adjust Accumulator A
INH 18 07 OfO OfO – – – – ∆ ∆ ? ∆
DBEQ abdxys, rel9 (cntr) – 1⇒ cntrif (cntr) = 0, then Branchelse Continue to next instruction
Decrement Counter and Branch if = 0(cntr = A, B, D, X, Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 4 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 9
For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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DBNE abdxys, rel9 (cntr) – 1 ⇒ cntrIf (cntr) not = 0, then Branch;else Continue to next instruction
Decrement Counter and Branch if ≠ 0(cntr = A, B, D, X, Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
DEC opr16aDEC oprx0_xyspDEC oprx9,xyspDEC oprx16,xyspDEC [D,xysp]DEC [oprx16,xysp]DECADECB
(M) – $01 ⇒ MDecrement Memory Location
(A) – $01 ⇒ A Decrement A(B) – $01 ⇒ B Decrement B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
73 hh ll63 xb63 xb ff63 xb ee ff63 xb63 xb ee ff4353
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ –
DES (SP) – $0001 ⇒ SPTranslates to LEAS –1,SP
IDX 1B 9F Pf PP1 – – – – – – – –
DEX (X) – $0001 ⇒ XDecrement Index Register X
INH 09 O O – – – – – ∆ – –
DEY (Y) – $0001 ⇒ YDecrement Index Register Y
INH 03 O O – – – – – ∆ – –
EDIV (Y:D) ÷ (X) ⇒ Y Remainder ⇒ D32 by 16 Bit ⇒ 16 Bit Divide (unsigned)
INH 11 ffffffffffO ffffffffffO – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EDIVS (Y:D) ÷ (X) ⇒ Y Remainder ⇒ D32 by 16 Bit ⇒ 16 Bit Divide (signed)
INH 18 14 OffffffffffO OffffffffffO – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMACS opr16a 2 (M(X):M(X+1)) × (M(Y):M(Y+1)) + (M~M+3) ⇒ M~M+3
16 by 16 Bit ⇒ 32 BitMultiply and Accumulate (signed)
Special 18 12 hh ll ORROfffRRfWWP ORROfffRRfWWP – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMAXD oprx0_xyspEMAXD oprx9,xyspEMAXD oprx16,xyspEMAXD [D,xysp]EMAXD [oprx16,xysp]
MAX((D), (M:M+1)) ⇒ DMAX of 2 Unsigned 16-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((D) – (M:M+1))
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1A xb18 1A xb ff18 1A xb ee ff18 1A xb18 1A xb ee ff
ORPfORPOOfRPPOfIfRPfOfIPRPf
ORfPORPOOfRPP
OfIfRfPOfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMAXM oprx0_xyspEMAXM oprx9,xyspEMAXM oprx16,xyspEMAXM [D,xysp]EMAXM [oprx16,xysp]
MAX((D), (M:M+1)) ⇒ M:M+1MAX of 2 Unsigned 16-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((D) – (M:M+1))
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1E xb18 1E xb ff18 1E xb ee ff18 1E xb18 1E xb ee ff
ORPWORPWOOfRPWPOfIfRPWOfIPRPW
ORPWORPWOOfRPWPOfIfRPWOfIPRPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMIND oprx0_xyspEMIND oprx9,xyspEMIND oprx16,xyspEMIND [D,xysp]EMIND [oprx16,xysp]
MIN((D), (M:M+1)) ⇒ DMIN of 2 Unsigned 16-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((D) – (M:M+1))
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1B xb18 1B xb ff18 1B xb ee ff18 1B xb18 1B xb ee ff
ORPfORPOOfRPPOfIfRPfOfIPRPf
ORfPORPOOfRPP
OfIfRfPOfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMINM oprx0_xyspEMINM oprx9,xyspEMINM oprx16,xyspEMINM [D,xysp]EMINM [oprx16,xysp]
MIN((D), (M:M+1)) ⇒ M:M+1MIN of 2 Unsigned 16-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((D) – (M:M+1))
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1F xb18 1F xb ff18 1F xb ee ff18 1F xb18 1F xb ee ff
ORPWORPWOOfRPWPOfIfRPWOfIPRPW
ORPWORPWOOfRPWPOfIfRPWOfIPRPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
EMUL (D) × (Y) ⇒ Y:D16 by 16 Bit Multiply (unsigned)
INH 13 ffO ffO – – – – ∆ ∆ – ∆
EMULS (D) × (Y) ⇒ Y:D16 by 16 Bit Multiply (signed)
INH 18 13 OfO OfO – – – – ∆ ∆ – ∆(if followed by page 2 instruction)
OffO OfO
EORA #opr8iEORA opr8aEORA opr16aEORA oprx0_xyspEORA oprx9,xyspEORA oprx16,xyspEORA [D,xysp]EORA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) ⊕ (M) ⇒ AExclusive-OR A with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
88 ii98 ddB8 hh llA8 xbA8 xb ffA8 xb ee ffA8 xbA8 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
Notes:1. Due to internal CPU requirements, the program word fetch is performed twice to the same address during this instruction.2. opr16a is an extended address specification. Both X and Y point to source operands.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 5 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
10 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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EORB #opr8iEORB opr8aEORB opr16aEORB oprx0_xyspEORB oprx9,xyspEORB oprx16,xyspEORB [D,xysp]EORB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) ⊕ (M) ⇒ BExclusive-OR B with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C8 iiD8 ddF8 hh llE8 xbE8 xb ffE8 xb ee ffE8 xbE8 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
ETBL oprx0_xysp (M:M+1)+ [(B)×((M+2:M+3) – (M:M+1))] ⇒ D16-Bit Table Lookup and Interpolate
Initialize B, and index before ETBL. points at first table entry (M:M+1)and B is fractional part of lookup value
(no indirect addr. modes or extensions allowed)
IDX 18 3F xb ORRffffffP ORRffffffP – – – – ∆ ∆ – ∆?
C Bit is undefined in HC12
EXG abcdxys,abcdxys (r1) ⇔ (r2) (if r1 and r2 same size) or$00:(r1) ⇒ r2 (if r1=8-bit; r2=16-bit) or(r1low) ⇔ (r2) (if r1=16-bit; r2=8-bit)
r1 and r2 may beA, B, CCR, D, X, Y, or SP
INH B7 eb P P – – – – – – – –
FDIV (D) ÷ (X) ⇒ X; Remainder ⇒ D16 by 16 Bit Fractional Divide
INH 18 11 OffffffffffO OffffffffffO – – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆
IBEQ abdxys, rel9 (cntr) + 1⇒ cntrIf (cntr) = 0, then Branchelse Continue to next instruction
Increment Counter and Branch if = 0(cntr = A, B, D, X, Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
IBNE abdxys, rel9 (cntr) + 1⇒ cntrif (cntr) not = 0, then Branch;else Continue to next instruction
Increment Counter and Branch if ≠ 0(cntr = A, B, D, X, Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
IDIV (D) ÷ (X) ⇒ X; Remainder ⇒ D16 by 16 Bit Integer Divide (unsigned)
INH 18 10 OffffffffffO OffffffffffO – – – – – ∆ 0 ∆
IDIVS (D) ÷ (X) ⇒ X; Remainder ⇒ D16 by 16 Bit Integer Divide (signed)
INH 18 15 OffffffffffO OffffffffffO – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
INC opr16aINC oprx0_xyspINC oprx9,xyspINC oprx16,xyspINC [D,xysp]INC [oprx16,xysp]INCAINCB
(M) + $01 ⇒ MIncrement Memory Byte
(A) + $01 ⇒ A Increment Acc. A(B) + $01 ⇒ B Increment Acc. B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
72 hh ll62 xb62 xb ff62 xb ee ff62 xb62 xb ee ff4252
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ –
INS (SP) + $0001 ⇒ SPTranslates to LEAS 1,SP
IDX 1B 81 Pf PP1 – – – – – – – –
INX (X) + $0001 ⇒ XIncrement Index Register X
INH 08 O O – – – – – ∆ – –
INY (Y) + $0001 ⇒ YIncrement Index Register Y
INH 02 O O – – – – – ∆ – –
JMP opr16aJMP oprx0_xyspJMP oprx9,xyspJMP oprx16,xyspJMP [D,xysp]JMP [oprx16,xysp]
Routine address ⇒ PC
Jump
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
06 hh ll05 xb05 xb ff05 xb ee ff05 xb05 xb ee ff
PPPPPPPPPfPPPfIfPPPfIfPPP
PPPPPPPPPfPPP
fIfPPPfIfPPP
– – – – – – – –
Note 1. Due to internal CPU requirements, the program word fetch is performed twice to the same address during this instruction.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 6 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 11
For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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JSR opr8aJSR opr16aJSR oprx0_xyspJSR oprx9,xyspJSR oprx16,xyspJSR [D,xysp]JSR [oprx16,xysp]
(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP;RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);Subroutine address ⇒ PC
Jump to Subroutine
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
17 dd16 hh ll15 xb15 xb ff15 xb ee ff15 xb15 xb ee ff
SPPPSPPPPPPSPPPSfPPPSfIfPPPSfIfPPPS
PPPSPPPSPPPSPPPSfPPPS
fIfPPPSfIfPPPS
– – – – – – – –
LBCC rel16 Long Branch if Carry Clear (if C = 0) REL 18 24 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBCS rel16 Long Branch if Carry Set (if C = 1) REL 18 25 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBEQ rel16 Long Branch if Equal (if Z = 1) REL 18 27 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBGE rel16 Long Branch Greater Than or Equal(if N ⊕ V = 0) (signed)
REL 18 2C qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBGT rel16 Long Branch if Greater Than(if Z + (N ⊕ V) = 0) (signed)
REL 18 2E qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBHI rel16 Long Branch if Higher(if C + Z = 0) (unsigned)
REL 18 22 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBHS rel16 Long Branch if Higher or Same(if C = 0) (unsigned)same function as LBCC
REL 18 24 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBLE rel16 Long Branch if Less Than or Equal(if Z + (N ⊕ V) = 1) (signed)
REL 18 2F qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBLO rel16 Long Branch if Lower(if C = 1) (unsigned)same function as LBCS
REL 18 25 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBLS rel16 Long Branch if Lower or Same(if C + Z = 1) (unsigned)
REL 18 23 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBLT rel16 Long Branch if Less Than(if N ⊕ V = 1) (signed)
REL 18 2D qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBMI rel16 Long Branch if Minus (if N = 1) REL 18 2B qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBNE rel16 Long Branch if Not Equal (if Z = 0) REL 18 26 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBPL rel16 Long Branch if Plus (if N = 0) REL 18 2A qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBRA rel16 Long Branch Always (if 1=1) REL 18 20 qq rr OPPP OPPP – – – – – – – –
LBRN rel16 Long Branch Never (if 1 = 0) REL 18 21 qq rr OPO OPO – – – – – – – –
LBVC rel16 Long Branch if Overflow Bit Clear (if V=0) REL 18 28 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LBVS rel16 Long Branch if Overflow Bit Set (if V = 1) REL 18 29 qq rr OPPP/OPO1 OPPP/OPO1 – – – – – – – –
LDAA #opr8iLDAA opr8aLDAA opr16aLDAA oprx0_xyspLDAA oprx9,xyspLDAA oprx16,xyspLDAA [D,xysp]LDAA [oprx16,xysp]
(M) ⇒ ALoad Accumulator A
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
86 ii96 ddB6 hh llA6 xbA6 xb ffA6 xb ee ffA6 xbA6 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
LDAB #opr8iLDAB opr8aLDAB opr16aLDAB oprx0_xyspLDAB oprx9,xyspLDAB oprx16,xyspLDAB [D,xysp]LDAB [oprx16,xysp]
(M) ⇒ BLoad Accumulator B
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C6 iiD6 ddF6 hh llE6 xbE6 xb ffE6 xb ee ffE6 xbE6 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
LDD #opr16iLDD opr8aLDD opr16aLDD oprx0_xyspLDD oprx9,xyspLDD oprx16,xyspLDD [D,xysp]LDD [oprx16,xysp]
(M:M+1) ⇒ A:BLoad Double Accumulator D (A:B)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CC jj kkDC ddFC hh llEC xbEC xb ffEC xb ee ffEC xbEC xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
Note 1. OPPP/OPO indicates this instruction takes four cycles to refill the instruction queue if the branch is taken and three cycles if the branch is not taken.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 7 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
12 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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LDS #opr16iLDS opr8aLDS opr16aLDS oprx0_xyspLDS oprx9,xyspLDS oprx16,xyspLDS [D,xysp]LDS [oprx16,xysp]
(M:M+1) ⇒ SPLoad Stack Pointer
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CF jj kkDF ddFF hh llEF xbEF xb ffEF xb ee ffEF xbEF xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
LDX #opr16iLDX opr8aLDX opr16aLDX oprx0_xyspLDX oprx9,xyspLDX oprx16,xyspLDX [D,xysp]LDX [oprx16,xysp]
(M:M+1) ⇒ XLoad Index Register X
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CE jj kkDE ddFE hh llEE xbEE xb ffEE xb ee ffEE xbEE xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
LDY #opr16iLDY opr8aLDY opr16aLDY oprx0_xyspLDY oprx9,xyspLDY oprx16,xyspLDY [D,xysp]LDY [oprx16,xysp]
(M:M+1) ⇒ YLoad Index Register Y
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CD jj kkDD ddFD hh llED xbED xb ffED xb ee ffED xbED xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
LEAS oprx0_xyspLEAS oprx9,xyspLEAS oprx16,xysp
Effective Address ⇒ SPLoad Effective Address into SP
IDXIDX1IDX2
1B xb1B xb ff1B xb ee ff
PfPOPP
PP1
POPP
– – – – – – – –
LEAX oprx0_xyspLEAX oprx9,xyspLEAX oprx16,xysp
Effective Address ⇒ XLoad Effective Address into X
IDXIDX1IDX2
1A xb1A xb ff1A xb ee ff
PfPOPP
PP1
POPP
– – – – – – – –
LEAY oprx0_xyspLEAY oprx9,xyspLEAY oprx16,xysp
Effective Address ⇒ YLoad Effective Address into Y
IDXIDX1IDX2
19 xb19 xb ff19 xb ee ff
PfPOPP
PP1
POPP
– – – – – – – –
LSL opr16aLSL oprx0_xyspLSL oprx9,xyspLSL oprx16,xyspLSL [D,xysp]LSL [oprx16,xysp]LSLALSLB
Logical Shift Leftsame function as ASL
Logical Shift Accumulator A to LeftLogical Shift Accumulator B to Left
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
78 hh ll68 xb68 xb ff68 xb ee ff68 xb68 xb ee ff4858
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
LSLD
Logical Shift Left D Accumulatorsame function as ASLD
INH 59 O O – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
LSR opr16aLSR oprx0_xyspLSR oprx9,xyspLSR oprx16,xyspLSR [D,xysp]LSR [oprx16,xysp]LSRALSRB
Logical Shift Right
Logical Shift Accumulator A to RightLogical Shift Accumulator B to Right
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
74 hh ll64 xb64 xb ff64 xb ee ff64 xb64 xb ee ff4454
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – 0 ∆ ∆ ∆
LSRD
Logical Shift Right D Accumulator
INH 49 O O – – – – 0 ∆ ∆ ∆
MAXA oprx0_xyspMAXA oprx9,xyspMAXA oprx16,xyspMAXA [D,xysp]MAXA [oprx16,xysp]
MAX((A), (M)) ⇒ AMAX of 2 Unsigned 8-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((A) – (M)).
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 18 xb18 18 xb ff18 18 xb ee ff18 18 xb18 18 xb ee ff
OrPfOrPOOfrPPOfIfrPfOfIPrPf
OrfPOrPOOfrPP
OfIfrfPOfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
Note 1. Due to internal CPU requirements, the program word fetch is performed twice to the same address during this instruction.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 8 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
C0
b7 b0
C0
b7 b0A Bb7b0
C0
b7 b0
C0
b7 b0A Bb7b0
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 13
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MAXM oprx0_xyspMAXM oprx9,xyspMAXM oprx16,xyspMAXM [D,xysp]MAXM [oprx16,xysp]
MAX((A), (M)) ⇒ MMAX of 2 Unsigned 8-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((A) – (M)).
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1C xb18 1C xb ff18 1C xb ee ff18 1C xb18 1C xb ee ff
OrPwOrPwOOfrPwPOfIfrPwOfIPrPw
OrPwOrPwOOfrPwPOfIfrPwOfIPrPw
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
MEM µ (grade) ⇒ M(Y);(X) + 4 ⇒ X; (Y) + 1 ⇒ Y; A unchanged
if (A) < P1 or (A) > P2 then µ = 0, elseµ = MIN[((A) – P1)×S1, (P2 – (A))×S2, $FF]where:A = current crisp input value;X points at 4-byte data structure that describes a trapezoidal membership function (P1, P2, S1, S2);Y points at fuzzy input (RAM location).See CPU12 Reference Manual for special cases.
Special 01 RRfOw RRfOw – – ? – ? ? ? ?
MINA oprx0_xyspMINA oprx9,xyspMINA oprx16,xyspMINA [D,xysp]MINA [oprx16,xysp]
MIN((A), (M)) ⇒ AMIN of 2 Unsigned 8-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((A) – (M)).
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 19 xb18 19 xb ff18 19 xb ee ff18 19 xb18 19 xb ee ff
OrPfOrPOOfrPPOfIfrPfOfIPrPf
OrfPOrPOOfrPP
OfIfrfPOfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
MINM oprx0_xyspMINM oprx9,xyspMINM oprx16,xyspMINM [D,xysp]MINM [oprx16,xysp]
MIN((A), (M)) ⇒ MMIN of 2 Unsigned 8-Bit Values
N, Z, V and C status bits reflect result ofinternal compare ((A) – (M)).
IDXIDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
18 1D xb18 1D xb ff18 1D xb ee ff18 1D xb18 1D xb ee ff
OrPwOrPwOOfrPwPOfIfrPwOfIPrPw
OrPwOrPwOOfrPwPOfIfrPwOfIPrPw
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
MOVB #opr8, opr16a1
MOVB #opr8i, oprx0_xysp1
MOVB opr16a, opr16a1
MOVB opr16a, oprx0_xysp1
MOVB oprx0_xysp, opr16a1
MOVB oprx0_xysp, oprx0_xysp1
(M1) ⇒ M2Memory to Memory Byte-Move (8-Bit)
IMM-EXTIMM-IDXEXT-EXTEXT-IDXIDX-EXTIDX-IDX
18 0B ii hh ll18 08 xb ii18 0C hh ll hh ll18 09 xb hh ll18 0D xb hh ll18 0A xb xb
OPwPOPwOOrPwPOOPrPwOrPwPOrPwO
OPwPOPwO
OrPwPOOPrPwOrPwPOrPwO
– – – – – – – –
MOVW #oprx16, opr16a1
MOVW #opr16i, oprx0_xysp1
MOVW opr16a, opr16a1
MOVW opr16a, oprx0_xysp1
MOVW oprx0_xysp, opr16a1
MOVW oprx0_xysp, oprx0_xysp1
(M:M+11) ⇒ M:M+12Memory to Memory Word-Move (16-Bit)
IMM-EXTIMM-IDXEXT-EXTEXT-IDXIDX-EXTIDX-IDX
18 03 jj kk hh ll18 00 xb jj kk18 04 hh ll hh ll18 01 xb hh ll18 05 xb hh ll18 02 xb xb
OPWPOOPPWORPWPOOPRPWORPWPORPWO
OPWPOOPPW
ORPWPOOPRPWORPWPORPWO
– – – – – – – –
MUL (A) × (B) ⇒ A:B8 by 8 Unsigned Multiply
INH 12 O ffO – – – – – – – ∆
NEG opr16aNEG oprx0_xyspNEG oprx9,xyspNEG oprx16,xyspNEG [D,xysp]NEG [oprx16,xysp]NEGA
NEGB
0 – (M) ⇒ M equivalent to (M) + 1 ⇒ MTwo’s Complement Negate
0 – (A) ⇒ A equivalent to (A) + 1 ⇒ ANegate Accumulator A0 – (B) ⇒ B equivalent to (B) + 1 ⇒ BNegate Accumulator B
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INH
INH
70 hh ll60 xb60 xb ff60 xb ee ff60 xb60 xb ee ff40
50
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwO
O
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
O
O
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
NOP No Operation INH A7 O O – – – – – – – –
ORAA #opr8iORAA opr8aORAA opr16aORAA oprx0_xyspORAA oprx9,xyspORAA oprx16,xyspORAA [D,xysp]ORAA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) + (M) ⇒ ALogical OR A with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
8A ii9A ddBA hh llAA xbAA xb ffAA xb ee ffAA xbAA xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
Note 1. The first operand in the source code statement specifies the source for the move.
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 9 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
14 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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ORAB #opr8iORAB opr8aORAB opr16aORAB oprx0_xyspORAB oprx9,xyspORAB oprx16,xyspORAB [D,xysp]ORAB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) + (M) ⇒ BLogical OR B with Memory
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
CA iiDA ddFA hh llEA xbEA xb ffEA xb ee ffEA xbEA xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
ORCC #opr8i (CCR) + M ⇒ CCRLogical OR CCR with Memory
IMM 14 ii P P ⇑ – ⇑ ⇑ ⇑ ⇑ ⇑ ⇑
PSHA (SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (A) ⇒ M(SP)Push Accumulator A onto Stack
INH 36 Os Os – – – – – – – –
PSHB (SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (B) ⇒ M(SP)Push Accumulator B onto Stack
INH 37 Os Os – – – – – – – –
PSHC (SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (CCR) ⇒ M(SP)Push CCR onto Stack
INH 39 Os Os – – – – – – – –
PSHD (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (A:B) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1)Push D Accumulator onto Stack
INH 3B OS OS – – – – – – – –
PSHX (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (XH:XL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1)Push Index Register X onto Stack
INH 34 OS OS – – – – – – – –
PSHY (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (YH:YL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1)Push Index Register Y onto Stack
INH 35 OS OS – – – – – – – –
PULA (M(SP)) ⇒ A; (SP) + 1 ⇒ SPPull Accumulator A from Stack
INH 32 ufO ufO – – – – – – – –
PULB (M(SP)) ⇒ B; (SP) + 1 ⇒ SPPull Accumulator B from Stack
INH 33 ufO ufO – – – – – – – –
PULC (M(SP)) ⇒ CCR; (SP) + 1 ⇒ SPPull CCR from Stack
INH 38 ufO ufO ∆ ⇓ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
PULD (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ A:B; (SP) + 2 ⇒ SPPull D from Stack
INH 3A UfO UfO – – – – – – – –
PULX (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ XH:XL; (SP) + 2 ⇒ SPPull Index Register X from Stack
INH 30 UfO UfO – – – – – – – –
PULY (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ YH:YL; (SP) + 2 ⇒ SPPull Index Register Y from Stack
INH 31 UfO UfO – – – – – – – –
REV MIN-MAX rule evaluationFind smallest rule input (MIN).Store to rule outputs unless fuzzy output is already larger (MAX).
For rule weights see REVW.
Each rule input is an 8-bit offset from the base address in Y. Each rule output is an 8-bit offset from the base address in Y. $FE separates rule inputs from rule outputs. $FF terminates the rule list.
REV may be interrupted.
Special 18 3A Orf(t,tx)O Orf(t,tx)O – – ? – ? ? ∆ ?(exit + re-entry replaces comma
above if interrupted)
ff + Orf(t, ff + Orf(t,
REVW MIN-MAX rule evaluationFind smallest rule input (MIN),Store to rule outputs unless fuzzy output is already larger (MAX).
Rule weights supported, optional.
Each rule input is the 16-bit address of a fuzzy input. Each rule output is the 16-bit address of a fuzzy output. The value $FFFE separates rule inputs from rule outputs. $FFFF terminates the rule list.
REVW may be interrupted.
Special 18 3B ORf(t,Tx)O ORf(t,Tx)O – – ? – ? ? ∆ !(loop to read weight if enabled)
(r,RfRf) (r,RfRf)
(exit + re-entry replaces comma above if interrupted)
ffff + ORf(t, fff + ORf(t,
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 10 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 15
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ROL opr16aROL oprx0_xyspROL oprx9,xyspROL oprx16,xyspROL [D,xysp]ROL [oprx16,xysp]ROLAROLB
Rotate Memory Left through Carry
Rotate A Left through CarryRotate B Left through Carry
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
75 hh ll65 xb65 xb ff65 xb ee ff65 xb65 xb ee ff4555
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
ROR opr16aROR oprx0_xyspROR oprx9,xyspROR oprx16,xyspROR [D,xysp]ROR [oprx16,xysp]RORARORB
Rotate Memory Right through Carry
Rotate A Right through CarryRotate B Right through Carry
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
76 hh ll66 xb66 xb ff66 xb ee ff66 xb66 xb ee ff4656
rPwOrPwrPwOfrPwPfIfrPwfIPrPwOO
rOPwrPwrPOwfrPPwfIfrPwfIPrPw
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
RTC (M(SP)) ⇒ PPAGE; (SP) + 1 ⇒ SP;(M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ PCH:PCL;(SP) + 2 ⇒ SPReturn from Call
INH 0A uUnfPPP uUnPPP – – – – – – – –
RTI (M(SP)) ⇒ CCR; (SP) + 1 ⇒ SP (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ B:A; (SP) + 2 ⇒ SP (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ XH:XL; (SP) + 4 ⇒ SP(M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ PCH:PCL; (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP(M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ YH:YL; (SP) + 4 ⇒ SPReturn from Interrupt
INH 0B uUUUUPPP uUUUUPPP ∆ ⇓ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆(with interrupt pending)
uUUUUVfPPP uUUUUfVfPPP
RTS (M(SP):M(SP+1)) ⇒ PCH:PCL;(SP) + 2 ⇒ SPReturn from Subroutine
INH 3D UfPPP UfPPP – – – – – – – –
SBA (A) – (B) ⇒ ASubtract B from A
INH 18 16 OO OO – – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
SBCA #opr8iSBCA opr8aSBCA opr16aSBCA oprx0_xyspSBCA oprx9,xyspSBCA oprx16,xyspSBCA [D,xysp]SBCA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) – (M) – C ⇒ ASubtract with Borrow from A
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
82 ii92 ddB2 hh llA2 xbA2 xb ffA2 xb ee ffA2 xbA2 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
SBCB #opr8iSBCB opr8aSBCB opr16aSBCB oprx0_xyspSBCB oprx9,xyspSBCB oprx16,xyspSBCB [D,xysp]SBCB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) – (M) – C ⇒ BSubtract with Borrow from B
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C2 iiD2 ddF2 hh llE2 xbE2 xb ffE2 xb ee ffE2 xbE2 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
SEC 1 ⇒ CTranslates to ORCC #$01
IMM 14 01 P P – – – – – – – 1
SEI 1 ⇒ I; (inhibit I interrupts)Translates to ORCC #$10
IMM 14 10 P P – – – 1 – – – –
SEV 1 ⇒ VTranslates to ORCC #$02
IMM 14 02 P P – – – – – – 1 –
SEX abc,dxys $00:(r1) ⇒ r2 if r1, bit 7 is 0 or$FF:(r1) ⇒ r2 if r1, bit 7 is 1
Sign Extend 8-bit r1 to 16-bit r2r1 may be A, B, or CCRr2 may be D, X, Y, or SP
Alternate mnemonic for TFR r1, r2
INH B7 eb P P – – – – – – – –
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 11 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
C b7 b0
Cb7 b0
16 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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STAA opr8aSTAA opr16aSTAA oprx0_xyspSTAA oprx9,xyspSTAA oprx16,xyspSTAA [D,xysp]STAA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) ⇒ MStore Accumulator A to Memory
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5A dd7A hh ll6A xb6A xb ff6A xb ee ff6A xb6A xb ee ff
PwPwOPwPwOPwPPIfwPIPw
PwwOPPwPwOPwP
PIfPwPIPPw
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
STAB opr8aSTAB opr16aSTAB oprx0_xyspSTAB oprx9,xyspSTAB oprx16,xyspSTAB [D,xysp]STAB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) ⇒ MStore Accumulator B to Memory
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5B dd7B hh ll6B xb6B xb ff6B xb ee ff6B xb6B xb ee ff
PwPwOPwPwOPwPPIfwPIPw
PwwOPPwPwOPwP
PIfPwPIPPw
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
STD opr8aSTD opr16aSTD oprx0_xyspSTD oprx9,xyspSTD oprx16,xyspSTD [D,xysp]STD [oprx16,xysp]
(A) ⇒ M, (B) ⇒ M+1Store Double Accumulator
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5C dd7C hh ll6C xb6C xb ff6C xb ee ff6C xb6C xb ee ff
PWPWOPWPWOPWPPIfWPIPW
PWWOPPWPWOPWP
PIfPWPIPPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
STOP (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP;RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (YH:YL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (XH:XL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (B:A) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (CCR) ⇒ M(SP);STOP All Clocks
Registers stacked to allow quicker recovery by interrupt.
If S control bit = 1, the STOP instruction is disabled and acts like a two-cycle NOP.
INH 18 3E (entering STOP) – – – – – – – –
OOSSSSsf OOSSSfSs
(exiting STOP)
fVfPPP fVfPPP
(continue)
ff fO
(if STOP disabled)
OO OO
STS opr8aSTS opr16aSTS oprx0_xyspSTS oprx9,xyspSTS oprx16,xyspSTS [D,xysp]STS [oprx16,xysp]
(SPH:SPL) ⇒ M:M+1Store Stack Pointer
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5F dd7F hh ll6F xb6F xb ff6F xb ee ff6F xb6F xb ee ff
PWPWOPWPWOPWPPIfWPIPW
PWWOPPWPWOPWP
PIfPWPIPPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
STX opr8aSTX opr16aSTX oprx0_xyspSTX oprx9,xyspSTX oprx16,xyspSTX [D,xysp]STX [oprx16,xysp]
(XH:XL) ⇒ M:M+1Store Index Register X
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5E dd7E hh ll6E xb6E xb ff6E xb ee ff6E xb6E xb ee ff
PWPWOPWPWOPWPPIfWPIPW
PWWOPPWPWOPWP
PIfPWPIPPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
STY opr8aSTY opr16aSTY oprx0_xyspSTY oprx9,xyspSTY oprx16,xyspSTY [D,xysp]STY [oprx16,xysp]
(YH:YL) ⇒ M:M+1Store Index Register Y
DIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
5D dd7D hh ll6D xb6D xb ff6D xb ee ff6D xb6D xb ee ff
PWPWOPWPWOPWPPIfWPIPW
PWWOPPWPWOPWP
PIfPWPIPPW
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
SUBA #opr8iSUBA opr8aSUBA opr16aSUBA oprx0_xyspSUBA oprx9,xyspSUBA oprx16,xyspSUBA [D,xysp]SUBA [oprx16,xysp]
(A) – (M) ⇒ ASubtract Memory from Accumulator A
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
80 ii90 ddB0 hh llA0 xbA0 xb ffA0 xb ee ffA0 xbA0 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 12 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 17
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SUBB #opr8iSUBB opr8aSUBB opr16aSUBB oprx0_xyspSUBB oprx9,xyspSUBB oprx16,xyspSUBB [D,xysp]SUBB [oprx16,xysp]
(B) – (M) ⇒ BSubtract Memory from Accumulator B
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
C0 iiD0 ddF0 hh llE0 xbE0 xb ffE0 xb ee ffE0 xbE0 xb ee ff
PrPfrPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPf
PrfPrOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
SUBD #opr16iSUBD opr8aSUBD opr16aSUBD oprx0_xyspSUBD oprx9,xyspSUBD oprx16,xyspSUBD [D,xysp]SUBD [oprx16,xysp]
(D) – (M:M+1) ⇒ DSubtract Memory from D (A:B)
IMMDIREXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]
83 jj kk93 ddB3 hh llA3 xbA3 xb ffA3 xb ee ffA3 xbA3 xb ee ff
PORPfRPORPfRPOfRPPfIfRPffIPRPf
OPRfPROPRfPRPOfRPP
fIfRfPfIPRfP
– – – – ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
SWI (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP;RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (YH:YL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (XH:XL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (B:A) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (CCR) ⇒ M(SP)1 ⇒ I; (SWI Vector) ⇒ PCSoftware Interrupt
INH 3F VSPSSPSsP* VSPSSPSsP* – – – 1 – – – –
(for Reset)
1 1 – 1 – – – –VfPPP VfPPP
*The CPU also uses the SWI microcode sequence for hardware interrupts and unimplemented opcode traps. Reset uses the VfPPP variation of this sequence.
TAB (A) ⇒ BTransfer A to B
INH 18 0E OO OO – – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
TAP (A) ⇒ CCRTranslates to TFR A , CCR
INH B7 02 P P ∆ ⇓ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
TBA (B) ⇒ ATransfer B to A
INH 18 0F OO OO – – – – ∆ ∆ 0 –
TBEQ abdxys,rel9 If (cntr) = 0, then Branch;else Continue to next instruction
Test Counter and Branch if Zero(cntr = A, B, D, X,Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
TBL oprx0_xysp (M) + [(B) × ((M+1) – (M))] ⇒ A8-Bit Table Lookup and Interpolate
Initialize B, and index before TBL. points at first 8-bit table entry (M) and B is fractional part of lookup value.
(no indirect addressing modes or extensions allowed)
IDX 18 3D xb ORfffP OrrffffP – – – – ∆ ∆ – ∆?
C Bit is undefinedin HC12
TBNE abdxys,rel9 If (cntr) not = 0, then Branch;else Continue to next instruction
Test Counter and Branch if Not Zero(cntr = A, B, D, X,Y, or SP)
REL(9-bit)
04 lb rr PPP (branch)PPO (no branch)
PPP – – – – – – – –
TFR abcdxys,abcdxys (r1) ⇒ r2 or $00:(r1) ⇒ r2 or (r1[7:0]) ⇒ r2
Transfer Register to Registerr1 and r2 may be A, B, CCR, D, X, Y, or SP
INH B7 eb P P – – – – – – – –
or
∆ ⇓ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
TPA (CCR) ⇒ ATranslates to TFR CCR ,A
INH B7 20 P P – – – – – – – –
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 13 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
18 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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TRAP trapnum (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP;RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (YH:YL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (XH:XL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (B:A) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (CCR) ⇒ M(SP)1 ⇒ I; (TRAP Vector) ⇒ PC
Unimplemented opcode trap
INH 18 tntn = $30–$39or $40–$FF
OVSPSSPSsP OfVSPSSPSsP – – – 1 – – – –
TST opr16aTST oprx0_xyspTST oprx9,xyspTST oprx16,xyspTST [D,xysp]TST [oprx16,xysp]TSTATSTB
(M) – 0Test Memory for Zero or Minus
(A) – 0 Test A for Zero or Minus(B) – 0 Test B for Zero or Minus
EXTIDX
IDX1IDX2
[D,IDX][IDX2]INHINH
F7 hh llE7 xbE7 xb ffE7 xb ee ffE7 xbE7 xb ee ff97D7
rPOrPfrPOfrPPfIfrPffIPrPfOO
rOPrfPrPOfrPP
fIfrfPfIPrfP
OO
– – – – ∆ ∆ 0 0
TSX (SP) ⇒ XTranslates to TFR SP,X
INH B7 75 P P – – – – – – – –
TSY (SP) ⇒ YTranslates to TFR SP,Y
INH B7 76 P P – – – – – – – –
TXS (X) ⇒ SPTranslates to TFR X,SP
INH B7 57 P P – – – – – – – –
TYS (Y) ⇒ SPTranslates to TFR Y,SP
INH B7 67 P P – – – – – – – –
WAI (SP) – 2 ⇒ SP;RTNH:RTNL ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (YH:YL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (XH:XL) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 2 ⇒ SP; (B:A) ⇒ M(SP):M(SP+1);(SP) – 1 ⇒ SP; (CCR) ⇒ M(SP);WAIT for interrupt
INH 3E OSSSSsf OSSSfSsf – – – – – – – –
(after interrupt) or
fVfPPP VfPPP – – – 1 – – – –
or
– 1 – 1 – – – –
WAV
Calculate Sum of Products and Sum of Weights for Weighted Average Calculation
Initialize B, X, and Y before WAV. B specifies number of ele-ments. X points at first element in Si list. Y points at first ele-ment in Fi list.
All Si and Fi elements are 8-bits.
If interrupted, six extra bytes of stack used for intermediate values
Special 18 3C Of(frr,ffff)OOff(frr,fffff)O
– – ? – ? ∆ ? ?
(add if interrupt)
SSS + UUUrr, SSSf + UUUrr
wavr
pseudo-instruction
see WAV
Resume executing an interrupted WAV instruction (recover in-termediate results from stack rather than initializing them to zero)
Special 3C UUUrr,ffff(frr,ffff)O
UUUrrfffff(frr,fffff)O
– – ? – ? ∆ ? ?
(exit + re-entry replaces commaabove if interrupted)
SSS + UUUrr, SSSf + UUUrr
XGDX (D) ⇔ (X)Translates to EXG D, X
INH B7 C5 P P – – – – – – – –
XGDY (D) ⇔ (Y)Translates to EXG D, Y
INH B7 C6 P P – – – – – – – –
Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 14 of 14)
Source Form Operation Addr.ModeMachine
Coding (hex)Access Detail
S X H I N Z V CHCS12 HC12
Fi
i 1=
B
∑ X⇒SiFii 1=
B
∑ Y:D⇒ and
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 19
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20 Table 1. Indexed Addressing Mode Postbyte Encoding (xb)00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A0 B0 C0
,PConst
D0–16,PC
5b const
E0n,X
9b const
F0n,SP
9b const
,PConst
D1–15,PC
5b const
E1–n,X
9b const
F1–n,SP
9b const
,PConst
D2–14,PC
5b const
E2n,X
16b const
F2n,SP
16b const
,PConst
D3–13,PC
5b const
E3[n,X]
16b indr
F3[n,SP]
16b indr
,PConst
D4–12,PC
5b const
E4A,X
A offset
F4A,SP
A offset
,PConst
D5–11,PC
5b const
E5B,X
B offset
F5B,SP
B offset
,PConst
D6–10,PC
5b const
E6D,X
D offset
F6D,SP
D offset
,PConst
D7–9,PC
5b const
E7[D,X]
D indirect
F7[D,SP]
D indirect
,PConst
D8–8,PC
5b const
E8n,Y
9b const
F8n,PC
9b const
,PConst
D9–7,PC
5b const
E9–n,Y
9b const
F9–n,PC
9b const
0,PConst
DA–6,PC
5b const
EAn,Y
16b const
FAn,PC
16b const
1,PConst
DB–5,PC
5b const
EB[n,Y]
16b indr
FB[n,PC]
16b indr
2,PConst
DC–4,PC
5b const
ECA,Y
A offset
FCA,PC
A offset
3,PConst
DD–3,PC
5b const
EDB,Y
B offset
FDB,PC
B offset
4,PConst
DE–2,PC
5b const
EED,Y
D offset
FED,PC
D offset
5,PConst
DF–1,PC
5b const
EF[D,Y]
D indirect
FF[D,PC]
D indirect
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0,X5b const
–16,X5b const
1,+Xpre-inc
1,X+post-inc
0,Y5b const
–16,Y5b const
1,+Ypre-inc
1,Y+post-inc
0,SP5b const
–16,SP5b const
1,+SPpre-inc
1,SP+post-inc
05b c
011,X
5b const
11–15,X
5b const
212,+X
pre-inc
312,X+
post-inc
411,Y
5b const
51–15,Y
5b const
612,+Y
pre-inc
712,Y+
post-inc
811,SP
5b const
91–15,SP
5b const
A12,+SP
pre-inc
B12,SP+
post-inc
C11
5b c02
2,X5b const
12–14,X
5b const
223,+X
pre-inc
323,X+
post-inc
422,Y
5b const
52–14,Y
5b const
623,+Y
pre-inc
723,Y+
post-inc
822,SP
5b const
92–14,SP
5b const
A23,+SP
pre-inc
B23,SP+
post-inc
C22
5b c03
3,X5b const
13–13,X
5b const
234,+X
pre-inc
334,X+
post-inc
433,Y
5b const
53–13,Y
5b const
634,+Y
pre-inc
734,Y+
post-inc
833,SP
5b const
93–13,SP
5b const
A34,+SP
pre-inc
B34,SP+
post-inc
C33
5b c04
4,X5b const
14–12,X
5b const
245,+X
pre-inc
345,X+
post-inc
444,Y
5b const
54–12,Y
5b const
645,+Y
pre-inc
745,Y+
post-inc
844,SP
5b const
94–12,SP
5b const
A45,+SP
pre-inc
B45,SP+
post-inc
C44
5b c05
5,X5b const
15–11,X
5b const
256,+X
pre-inc
356,X+
post-inc
455,Y
5b const
55–11,Y
5b const
656,+Y
pre-inc
756,Y+
post-inc
855,SP
5b const
95–11,SP
5b const
A56,+SP
pre-inc
B56,SP+
post-inc
C55
5b c06
6,X5b const
16–10,X
5b const
267,+X
pre-inc
367,X+
post-inc
466,Y
5b const
56–10,Y
5b const
667,+Y
pre-inc
767,Y+
post-inc
866,SP
5b const
96–10,SP
5b const
A67,+SP
pre-inc
B67,SP+
post-inc
C66
5b c07
7,X5b const
17–9,X
5b const
278,+X
pre-inc
378,X+
post-inc
477,Y
5b const
57–9,Y
5b const
678,+Y
pre-inc
778,Y+
post-inc
877,SP
5b const
97–9,SP
5b const
A78,+SP
pre-inc
B78,SP+
post-inc
C77
5b c08
8,X5b const
18–8,X
5b const
288,–X
pre-dec
388,X–
post-dec
488,Y
5b const
58–8,Y
5b const
688,–Y
pre-dec
788,Y–
post-dec
888,SP
5b const
98–8,SP
5b const
A88,–SP
pre-dec
B88,SP–
post-dec
C88
5b c09
9,X5b const
19–7,X
5b const
297,–X
pre-dec
397,X–
post-dec
499,Y
5b const
59–7,Y
5b const
697,–Y
pre-dec
797,Y–
post-dec
899,SP
5b const
99–7,SP
5b const
A97,–SP
pre-dec
B97,SP–
post-dec
C99
5b c0A
10,X5b const
1A–6,X
5b const
2A6,–X
pre-dec
3A6,X–
post-dec
4A10,Y
5b const
5A–6,Y
5b const
6A6,–Y
pre-dec
7A6,Y–
post-dec
8A10,SP
5b const
9A–6,SP
5b const
AA6,–SP
pre-dec
BA6,SP–
post-dec
CA1
5b c0B
11,X5b const
1B–5,X
5b const
2B5,–X
pre-dec
3B5,X–
post-dec
4B11,Y
5b const
5B–5,Y
5b const
6B5,–Y
pre-dec
7B5,Y–
post-dec
8B11,SP
5b const
9B–5,SP
5b const
AB5,–SP
pre-dec
BB5,SP–
post-dec
CB1
5b c0C
12,X5b const
1C–4,X
5b const
2C4,–X
pre-dec
3C4,X–
post-dec
4C12,Y
5b const
5C–4,Y
5b const
6C4,–Y
pre-dec
7C4,Y–
post-dec
8C12,SP
5b const
9C–4,SP
5b const
AC4,–SP
pre-dec
BC4,SP–
post-dec
CC1
5b c0D
13,X5b const
1D–3,X
5b const
2D3,–X
pre-dec
3D3,X–
post-dec
4D13,Y
5b const
5D–3,Y
5b const
6D3,–Y
pre-dec
7D3,Y–
post-dec
8D13,SP
5b const
9D–3,SP
5b const
AD3,–SP
pre-dec
BD3,SP–
post-dec
CD1
5b c0E
14,X5b const
1E–2,X
5b const
2E2,–X
pre-dec
3E2,X–
post-dec
4E14,Y
5b const
5E–2,Y
5b const
6E2,–Y
pre-dec
7E2,Y–
post-dec
8E14,SP
5b const
9E–2,SP
5b const
AE2,–SP
pre-dec
BE2,SP–
post-dec
CE1
5b c0F
15,X5b const
1F–1,X
5b const
2F1,–X
pre-dec
3F1,X–
post-dec
4F15,Y
5b const
5F–1,Y
5b const
6F1,–Y
pre-dec
7F1,Y–
post-dec
8F15,SP
5b const
9F–1,SP
5b const
AF1,–SP
pre-dec
BF1,SP–
post-dec
CF1
5b c
postbyte (hex)B0#,REG
type
type offset used
source code syntax
Key to Table 1
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Table 2. Indexed Addressing Mode Summary
PostbyteCode (xb)
OperandSyntax Comments
rr0nnnnn ,rn,r–n,r
5-bit constant offset n = –16 to +15rr can specify X, Y, SP, or PC
111rr0zs n,r–n,r
Constant offset (9- or 16-bit signed)z- 0 = 9-bit with sign in LSB of postbyte (s)
1 = 16-bitif z = s = 1, 16-bit offset indexed-indirect (see below)rr can specify X, Y, SP, or PC
rr1pnnnn n,–rn,+rn,r– n,r+
Auto predecrement, preincrement, postdecrement, or postincrement; p = pre-(0) or post-(1), n = –8 to –1, +1 to +8rr can specify X, Y, or SP (PC not a valid choice)
111rr1aa A,rB,rD,r
Accumulator offset (unsigned 8-bit or 16-bit)aa - 00 = A
01 = B10 = D (16-bit)11 = see accumulator D offset indexed-indirect
rr can specify X, Y, SP, or PC
111rr011 [n,r] 16-bit offset indexed-indirectrr can specify X, Y, SP, or PC
111rr111 [D,r] Accumulator D offset indexed-indirectrr can specify X, Y, SP, or PC
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 21
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22
Table 3. Transfer and Exchange Postbyte Encoding
6 7
YL ⇒ A SPL ⇒ A
YL ⇒ B SPL ⇒ B
YL ⇒ CCR SPL ⇒ CCR
2 Y ⇒ TMP2 SP ⇒ TMP2
Y ⇒ D SP ⇒ D
Y ⇒ X SP ⇒ X
Y ⇒ Y SP ⇒ Y
Y ⇒ SP SP ⇒ SP
E F
YL ⇒ A$00:A ⇒ Y
SPL ⇒ A$00:A ⇒ SP
YL ⇒ B$FF:B ⇒ Y
SPL ⇒ B$FF:B ⇒ SP
XYL ⇒ CCR
$FF:CCR ⇒ YSPL ⇒ CCR
$FF:CCR ⇒ SP
2 Y ⇔ TMP2 SP ⇔ TMP2
Y ⇔ D SP ⇔ D
Y ⇔ X SP ⇔ X
Y ⇔ Y SP ⇔ Y
Y ⇔ SP SP ⇔ SP
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TRANSFERS
⇓ LS MS⇒ 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 A ⇒ A B ⇒ A CCR ⇒ A TMP3L ⇒ A B ⇒ A XL ⇒ A
1 A ⇒ B B ⇒ B CCR ⇒ B TMP3L ⇒ B B ⇒ B XL ⇒ B
2 A ⇒ CCR B ⇒ CCR CCR ⇒ CCR TMP3L ⇒ CCR B ⇒ CCR XL ⇒ CCR
3 sex:A ⇒ TMP2 sex:B ⇒ TMP2 sex:CCR ⇒ TMP2 TMP3 ⇒ TMP2 D ⇒ TMP2 X ⇒ TMP
4sex:A ⇒ DSEX A,D
sex:B ⇒ DSEX B,D
sex:CCR ⇒ DSEX CCR,D
TMP3 ⇒ D D ⇒ D X ⇒ D
5sex:A ⇒ XSEX A,X
sex:B ⇒ XSEX B,X
sex:CCR ⇒ XSEX CCR,X
TMP3 ⇒ X D ⇒ X X ⇒ X
6sex:A ⇒ YSEX A,Y
sex:B ⇒ YSEX B,Y
sex:CCR ⇒ YSEX CCR,Y
TMP3 ⇒ Y D ⇒ Y X ⇒ Y
7sex:A ⇒ SPSEX A,SP
sex:B ⇒ SPSEX B,SP
sex:CCR ⇒ SPSEX CCR,SP
TMP3 ⇒ SP D ⇒ SP X ⇒ SP
EXCHANGES
⇓ LS MS⇒ 8 9 A B C D
0 A ⇔ A B ⇔ A CCR ⇔ ATMP3L ⇒ A
$00:A ⇒ TMP3B ⇒ AA ⇒ B
XL ⇒ A$00:A ⇒ X
1 A ⇔ B B ⇔ B CCR ⇔ BTMP3L ⇒ B
$FF:B ⇒ TMP3B ⇒ B
$FF ⇒ AXL ⇒ B
$FF:B ⇒ X
2 A ⇔ CCR B ⇔ CCR CCR ⇔ CCRTMP3L ⇒ CCR
$FF:CCR ⇒ TMP3B ⇒ CCR
$FF:CCR ⇒ DXL ⇒ CCR
$FF:CCR ⇒
3$00:A ⇒ TMP2
TMP2L ⇒ A$00:B ⇒ TMP2
TMP2L ⇒ B$00:CCR ⇒ TMP2
TMP2L ⇒ CCRTMP3 ⇔ TMP2 D ⇔ TMP2 X ⇔ TMP
4 $00:A ⇒ D $00:B ⇒ D$00:CCR ⇒ D
B ⇒ CCRTMP3 ⇔ D D ⇔ D X ⇔ D
5$00:A ⇒ X
XL ⇒ A$00:B ⇒ X
XL ⇒ B$00:CCR ⇒ X
XL ⇒ CCRTMP3 ⇔ X D ⇔ X X ⇔ X
6 $00:A ⇒ Y
YL ⇒ A$00:B ⇒ Y
YL ⇒ B$00:CCR ⇒ Y
YL ⇒ CCRTMP3 ⇔ Y D ⇔ Y X ⇔ Y
7$00:A ⇒ SP
SPL ⇒ A$00:B ⇒ SP
SPL ⇒ B$00:CCR ⇒ SP
SPL ⇒ CCRTMP3 ⇔ SP D ⇔ SP X ⇔ SP
TMP2 and TMP3 registers are for factory use only.
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Table 4. Loop Primitive Postbyte Encoding (lb)00 A
DBEQ(+)
10 ADBEQ
(–)
20 ADBNE
(+)
30 ADBNE
(–)
40 ATBEQ
(+)
50 ATBEQ
(–)
60 ATBNE
(+)
70 ATBNE
(–)
80 AIBEQ
(+)
90 AIBEQ
(–)
A0 AIBNE
(+)
B0 AIBNE
(–)01 B
DBEQ(+)
11 BDBEQ
(–)
21 BDBNE
(+)
31 BDBNE
(–)
41 BTBEQ
(+)
51 BTBEQ
(–)
61 BTBNE
(+)
71 BTBNE
(–)
81 BIBEQ
(+)
91 BIBEQ
(–)
A1 BIBNE
(+)
B1 BIBNE
(–)02
—12
—22
—32
—42
—52
—62
—72
—82
—92
—A2
—B2
—
03—
13—
23—
33—
43—
53—
63—
73—
83—
93—
A3—
B3—
04 DDBEQ
(+)
14 DDBEQ
(–)
24 DDBNE
(+)
34 DDBNE
(–)
44 DTBEQ
(+)
54 DTBEQ
(–)
64 DTBNE
(+)
74 DTBNE
(–)
84 DIBEQ
(+)
94 DIBEQ
(–)
A4 DIBNE
(+)
B4 DIBNE
(–)05 X
DBEQ(+)
15 XDBEQ
(–)
25 XDBNE
(+)
35 XDBNE
(–)
45 XTBEQ
(+)
55 XTBEQ
(–)
65 XTBNE
(+)
75 XTBNE
(–)
85 XIBEQ
(+)
95 XIBEQ
(–)
A5 XIBNE
(+)
B5 XIBNE
(–)06 Y
DBEQ(+)
16 YDBEQ
(–)
26 YDBNE
(+)
36 YDBNE
(–)
46 YTBEQ
(+)
56 YTBEQ
(–)
66 YTBNE
(+)
76 YTBNE
(–)
86 YIBEQ
(+)
96 YIBEQ
(–)
A6 YIBNE
(+)
B6 YIBNE
(–)07 SP
DBEQ(+)
17 SPDBEQ
(–)
27 SPDBNE
(+)
37 SPDBNE
(–)
47 SPTBEQ
(+)
57 SPTBEQ
(–)
67 SPTBNE
(+)
77 SPTBNE
(–)
87 SPIBEQ
(+)
97 SPIBEQ
(–)
A7 SPIBNE
(+)
B7 SPIBNE
(–)
postbyte (hex)B0 A_BEQ
(–)
counter used
sign of 9-bit relative branch offset(lower eight bits are an extension byte following postbyte)
branch condition
Key to Table 4
(bit 3 is don’t care)
Table 5. Branch/Complementary Branch
Branch Complementary BranchTest Mnemonic Opcode Boolean Test Mnemonic Opcode Comment r>m BGT 2E Z + (N ⊕ V) = 0 r≤m BLE 2F Signed r≥m BGE 2C N ⊕ V = 0 rm BGT 2E Signed rm BHI 22 C + Z = 0 r≤m BLS 23 Unsigned r≥m BHS/BCC 24 C = 0 rm BHI 22 Unsigned r
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Memory Expansion
There are three basic memory expansion configurations in the M68HC12 and HCS12 MCU Families.
1. Basic 64 Kbyte memory map with no additional expanded memory support
2. >5 megabyte expanded memory support with 8-bit PPAGE, DPAGE, and EPAGE registers (MC68HC812A4 only)
3. >1 megabyte expanded memory support with 6-bit PPAGE register only — This configuration applies to all currently available HC12 and HCS12 devices with >60 Kbytes of on-chip FLASH memory.
Memory precedence— Highest —On-chip registers (usually $0000 or $1000)BDM ROM (only when BDM active)On-chip RAMOn-chip EEPROMOn-chip program memory (FLASH or ROM)Expansion windows (on MCUs with expanded memory)Other external memory— Lowest —
CPU sees 64 Kbytes of address space (CPU_ADDR [15:0])PPAGE 8-bit register to select 1 of 256 —16 Kbyte program pages
or 6-bit register to select 1 of 64 — 16 Kbyte program pagesDPAGE 8-bit register to select 1 of 256 — 4 Kbyte data pagesEPAGE 8-bit register to select 1 of 256 — 1 Kbyte extra pages
Extended address is up to 22 bits (EXT_ADDR [21:0])Program expansion window works with CALL and RTC instructions to simplify program access to extended memory space. Data and extra expansion windows (when present) use traditional banked expansion memory techniques.
24 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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Program windowIf CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $8000–BFFF and PWEN = 1
Then EXT_ADDR [21:0] = PPAGE [7:0]:CPU_ADDR [13:0]or EXT_ADDR [19:0] = PPAGE [5:0]:CPU_ADDR [13:0]
Program window works with CALL/RTC to automate bank switching. 256 pages (banks) of 16 Kbytes each = 4 megabytes or 64 pages (banks) of 16 Kbytes each = 1 megabyte
Data window (when present)If CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $7000–7FFF and DWEN = 1
Then EXT_ADDR [21:0] = 1:1:DPAGE [7:0]:CPU_ADDR [11:0]User program controls DPAGE value
Extra window (when present)If CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $0000–03FF and EWDIR = 1
and EWEN = 1or CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $0400–07FF and EWDIR = 0
and EWEN = 1Then EXT_ADDR [21:0] = 1:1:1:1:EPAGE [7:0]:CPU_ADDR
[9:0]User program controls EPAGE value
CPU address not in any enabled windowEXT_ADDR [21:0] = 1:1:1:1:1:1:CPU_ADDR [15:0] (4 megabyte map)
or (for 1 megabyte map)If CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $0000–3FFF
Then EXT_ADDR [19:0] = 1:1:1:1:0:1:CPU_ADDR [13:0]This causes the FLASH at PPAGE $3D to also appearas unpaged memory at CPU addresses $0000–3FFF.
If CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $4000–7FFFThen EXT_ADDR [19:0] = 1:1:1:1:1:0:CPU_ADDR [13:0]
This causes the FLASH at PPAGE $3E to also appearas unpaged memory at CPU addresses $4000–7FFF.
If CPU_ADDR [15:0] = $C000–FFFFThen EXT_ADDR [19:0] = 1:1:1:1:1:1:CPU_ADDR [13:0]
This causes the FLASH at PPAGE $3F to also appear as unpaged memory at CPU addresses $C000–FFFF.
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 25
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Figure 2. Memory Mapping in 1-Megabyte Map
64 PAGES OF 16 KBYTES EACH VIEWED THROUGH P-WINDOW0 0000
3 0000
C 0000
E FFFFF 0000
F 8000
F BFFF
F FFFFFFFF
0000
1FFF
3FFF
5FFF
6FFF
7FFF
DFFF
BFFF
9FFFP WINDOW
PPAGE($3F)
63
PPAGE($3E)
62
PPAGE($3D)
61
PPAGE($3C)
60
CPU_ADDR EXT_ADR
2000
4000
040007FF
6000
7000
8000 F 0000
A000
C000 F C000
E000
“PPAGE($3D)
“image”
“PPAGE($3E)
“image”
“PPAGE($3F)
“image”
26 CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) MOTOROLA
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Figure 3. Memory Mapping in 4-Megabyte Map
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
DPAGE($F1)241
DPAGE($F2)242
DPAGE($F3)243
DPAGE($F4)244
DPAGE($F5)245
DPAGE($F6)246
DPAGE($F7)247
DPAGE($F0)240
DPAGE($F8)248
DPAGE($F9)249
DPAGE($FA)250
DPAGE($FB)251
DPAGE($FC)252
DPAGE($FD)253
DPAGE($FE)254
DPAGE($FF)255
PPAGE($FC)252
PPAGE($FD)253
PPAGE($FE)254
PPAGE($FF)255
.
.
....
.
.
.
256 pages of 1 Kbyte each viewed
256 pages of 4 Kbytes each viewed through D-window (1 M)
256 pages of 16 Kbytes each viewed through P-window (4 M)00 0000
30 0000
3C 0000
3E FFFF3F 0000
3F 7FFF3F 8000
3F BFFF3F C000
3F FFFFFFFF
0000
040007FF
1FFF2000
3FFF4000
5FFF6000
6FFF7000
7FFF8000
DFFFE000
BFFFC000
9FFFA000
D window
P window
E window(EWDIR = 1)
E window(EWDIR = 0)
CPU_ADDR EXT_ADDR
through E-window (256 K)
MOTOROLA CPU12 Reference Guide (for HCS12 and original M68HC12) 27
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CPU12R
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28 Table 6. CPU12 Opcode Map (Sheet 1 of 2)1
BB2
D0 3SUBB
DI 2
E0 3-6SUBB
ID 2-4
F0 3SUBB
EX 31
PB2
D1 3CMPB
DI 2
E1 3-6CMPB
ID 2-4
F1 3CMPB
EX 31
CB2
D2 3SBCB
DI 2
E2 3-6SBCB
ID 2-4
F2 3SBCB
EX 32
DD3
D3 3ADDD
DI 2
E3 3-6ADDD
ID 2-4
F3 3ADDD
EX 31
DB2
D4 3ANDB
DI 2
E4 3-6ANDB
ID 2-4
F4 3ANDB
EX 31
B2
D5 3BITB
DI 2
E5 3-6BITB
ID 2-4
F5 3BITB
EX 31
AB2
D6 3LDAB
DI 2
E6 3-6LDAB
ID 2-4
F6 3LDAB
EX 31
RB1
D7 1TSTB
IH 1
E7 3-6TST
ID 2-4
F7 3TST
EX 31
RB2
D8 3EORB
DI 2
E8 3-6EORB
ID 2-4
F8 3EORB
EX 31
CB2
D9 3ADCB
DI 2
E9 3-6ADCB
ID 2-4
F9 3ADCB
EX 31
AB2
DA 3ORAB
DI 2
EA 3-6ORAB
ID 2-4
FA 3ORAB
EX 31
DB2
DB 3ADDB
DI 2
EB 3-6ADDB
ID 2-4
FB 3ADDB
EX 32
D3
DC 3LDD
DI 2
EC 3-6LDD
ID 2-4
FC 3LDD
EX 32
Y3
DD 3LDY
DI 2
ED 3-6LDY
ID 2-4
FD 3LDY
EX 32
X3
DE 3LDX
DI 2
EE 3-6LDX
ID 2-4
FE 3LDX
EX 32
S3
DF 3LDS
DI 2
EF 3-6LDS
ID 2-4
FF 3LDS
EX 3
different)
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
CP
U12 R
eference Guide
(for HC
S12 and original M
68H
C12)
MO
TO
RO
LA
00 †5BGND
IH 1
10 1ANDCCIM 2
20 3BRA
RL 2
30 3PULX
IH 1
40 1NEGA
IH 1
50 1NEGB
IH 1
60 3-6NEG
ID 2-4
70 4NEG
EX 3
80 1SUBA
IM 2
90 3SUBA
DI 2
A0 3-6SUBA
ID 2-4
B0 3SUBA
EX 3
C0SU
IM01 5
MEMIH 1
11 11EDIV
IH 1
21 1BRN
RL 2
31 3PULY
IH 1
41 1COMA
IH 1
51 1COMB
IH 1
61 3-6COM
ID 2-4
71 4COM
EX 3
81 1CMPA
IM 2
91 3CMPA
DI 2
A1 3-6CMPA
ID 2-4
B1 3CMPA
EX 3
C1CM
IM02 1
INYIH 1
12 ‡1MUL
IH 1
22 3/1BHI
RL 2
32 3PULA
IH 1
42 1INCA
IH 1
52 1INCB
IH 1
62 3-6INC
ID 2-4
72 4INC
EX 3
82 1SBCA
IM 2
92 3SBCA
DI 2
A2 3-6SBCA
ID 2-4
B2 3SBCA
EX 3
C2SB
IM03 1
DEYIH 1
13 3EMUL
IH 1
23 3/1BLS
RL 2
33 3PULB
IH 1
43 1DECA
IH 1
53 1DECB
IH 1
63 3-6DEC
ID 2-4
73 4DEC
EX 3
83 2SUBD
IM 3
93 3SUBD
DI 2
A3 3-6SUBD
ID 2-4
B3 3SUBD
EX 3
C3AD
IM04 3
loop*
RL 3
14 1ORCC
IM 2
24 3/1BCC
RL 2
34 2PSHX
IH 1