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Emerging Threats andChallenges for Homeland Air

SecurityPresentation to National Defense Industrial

Association (NDIA) Missile Defense

RADM Mike Mathis, Lt. Col., Carey BrieferDirector, Joint Air and Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO)

RADM Mike Mathis, Lt. Col., Carey BrieferDirector, Joint Air and Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO)

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Homeland Security (National Strategy for Homeland Security): Homelandsecurity is a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks withinthe United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, andminimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur.

Homeland Air Security Prevent terrorist air attacks against the UnitedStates, reduce America’s vulnerability to air terrorism, and minimize thedamage and recover from attacks that do occur. (Interagency Mission)

Homeland Air Defense Protect US territory, sovereignty, domesticpopulation and critical infrastructure against external air threats andaggression. (DoD Mission)

Domestic Security and Defense Missions

The mission of preventing and countering terrorist or unconventional air attacks inthe US is not assigned solely to one agency

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Defense (DoD)

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• OSD: ASD - Homeland Defense

• NORAD

• USNORTHCOM

• JFCOM

• Joint Staff: J-3 and J-8 (JTAMDO)

• Each Service has own Directorate

Primary DOD HLD Organizations

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Evolving Threat Spectrum

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Cruise Missile Threat

• Represents the most stressing type of military threat– Low Altitude– Highly maneuverable– Could be launched from a container on a ship, truck or train

• State-of-the-Art technology used in CM development isbecoming readily available to a wide range of players– Many countries have them today– Easy to produce, cheap and potentially lethal– Could pose a serious threat in the next decade– Likely to become the “poor man’s air force” of the future

• With $50M, an adversary could buy 100 off-the-shelf CMs

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Homeland Air Security Threat Spectrum

• Threat Platforms capable of air terrorism, smuggling, orother illegal activities:– Concept Emphasis on Use of an Air Vehicle as a Terrorist Weapon

• Characteristics:– Externally or Internally Launched– Not Easily Differentiated from Normal Air Activity– Only Subtle Indications of Intent– Targeted to Produce Terror, Fear, and Financial and / or Political

Instability

* Cruise Missile (CM)** Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Ballistic Missiles MilitaryAircraft

CM* AirlinersCommercial/ Chartered

Aircraft

GenAviation

Ultra LightUAV**

TBD

FutureThreat

Othere.g. Balloons

Traditional Military Threat

Air Breathing Threats

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National Radar Surveillance

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• Support the North American Air Surveillance Council (NAASC), inevaluating FAA radar deactivation plan

• Identify FAA en route radars that provide redundant coverage– Assessment focused on interior en route long range radars as candidates for

shutdown

– Joint Surveillance System (JSS) long range radars and Airport Surveillance(ASRs)/terminal radars not candidates for shutdown

– Assessment based strictly on defense of CONUS Region (CONR) One criticalassets

NAASC Tasking to JTAMDO

Interagency Homeland Air Defense (IHAD) National Radar Needs

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5,000’, 0 dBsm Current Surveillance

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1,000’, 0 dBsm Current Surveillance

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Interagency Efforts Facilitated by JTAMDO

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Director Joint Staff(Oct 2001)

“JTAMDO will assume thelead role for developinglong-range joint operationalconcepts and architecturesfor this mission area incoordination with NORADand the Services.”

“JTAMDO, working in concert withits constituent membership, will beresponsible for the InteragencyHomeland Air Defense (IHAD)operational concept and integratedarchitecture and those integratinginteragency requirements notcovered by the NAASC.”

Mandate for Concept and Architecture Development

Homeland Security Policy Coordination Committee on Domestic Protection

National Airspace Management and Protection Working Group CHARTER Scope: This Working Group will coordinate interagency policy development, planning, and implementation ofstrategic initiatives to include the following:1. developing national policy to strengthen measures for protecting the nation from air threats including theuse of civil aviation as a weapon of terrorism;2. developing a national airspace management and protection strategy, operational concept, and integratedarchitectures that will improve airspace security in tandem with meeting the nation’s future civilian airspacemanagement needs, wherever possible;3. identifying critical intelligence, surveillance, communications, command & control, and responserequirements that will synergistically enhance homeland security, national defense, and national airspacemanagement;4. developing an integrated implementation plan and funding strategies to support the national airspacemanagement and protection strategy, operational concept, and integrated architectures. Chairperson: Senior Director for Prevention and Protection, Office of Homeland Security Membership: Deputy Assistant Secretary-level representatives from the following departments/agencies: DefenseStateJoint Chiefs of StaffTransportationCommerceJusticeFederal Aviation AdministrationCustomsFederal Bureau of InvestigationSecret ServiceOffice of the Vice PresidentOffice of National Drug Control PolicyNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNorth American Aerospace Defense CommandOffice of Science and Technology PolicyOffice of Management and BudgetNational Security CouncilDomestic Policy CouncilNational Economic Council

Operational Methodology: The Office of Homeland Security is responsible for providing overarchingoversight of the national airspace protection policy, operational concept, and requirements developmentprocesses. This responsibility includes facilitating interagency process participation and coordination,facilitating Executive Office of the President and Congressional process participation and coordination,monitoring program milestone accomplishment, and framing issues for discussion/approval/resolutionthrough the Homeland Security Council system, when required. Integrated architectures conceptdevelopment and requirements determination will be channeled through pre-existing organizations. As apoint of departure for this effort, the North American Air Surveillance Council (NAASC), working inconcert with its constituent membership, to include the Joint Theater Air and Missile Defense Organization(JTAMDO), will be responsible for integrating interagency requirements related to the surveillance, datatransmission, and communications aspects of the Working Group charter. JTAMDO, working in concertwith its constituent membership, will be responsible for the Interagency Homeland Air Defense (IHAD)operational concept and integrated architecture and those integrating interagency requirements notcovered by the NAASC. Individual departments and agencies will feed their specific requirements to thespecialized sub-working groups already established under the NAASC for the purposes of considerationand deliberation. Meeting Schedule: The Working Group will meet a minimum of once a month to facilitate programmilestone monitoring and provide a venue to frame issues for Homeland Security Councilapproval/resolution, when required. Near-term Focus: The Working Group has tasked the NAASC to provide the following deliverables to OHSby September 1, 2002:•••• Develop budget requirements to provide for continued operation of current national air surveillanceradars in FY04;•••• Develop budget requirements necessary to fund mid-term extension of current national airsurveillance radars until a suitable replacement system can be fielded;•••• Develop operational and budget requirements for a future national air surveillance system (to includecommunications requirements, if possible, by 1 Sept)

White House Homeland Security PolicyCoordination Committee on Domestic ProtectionNational Airspace Management and Protection Working Group

(Jan 2002)

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Interagency Participants

NORAD

Military Services

Air NationalGuard

FAA

CIAJoint Staff

Customs Service

National NuclearSecurity Administration

Dept of Justice JFCOM

AgricultureDIA

TSA

NORTHCOM

Secret Service

FBI Department of Homeland Security

Major challenge requiring Interagency and bi-national solutions

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Homeland Air Security

RECOGNITION

Force Down& Arrest

LethalForce

Arrest BeforeTake-Off

INTERDICTION RECOVERY

WARNING

EventReconstruction

TriggerEvent

ASSESSMENT

Intent

Do

D

Law

En

forc

emen

tLaw

Enforcement

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Interagency Cooperation

Homeland Air Security Enablers

IntelligenceInformation

Sharing

IntelligenceInformation

Sharing

Automated DecisionSupport / Response

ManagementSystem

Automated DecisionSupport / Response

ManagementSystem

Common AirSurveillance

Picture

Common AirSurveillance

Picture

IntegratedInteragency Data

Sharing andCommunications

IntegratedInteragency Data

Sharing andCommunications

USCGUSCG

DoDDoD

CustomsCustoms

FAAFAA

FBIFBI

LEALEA

FAAFAA

CustomsCustoms

CustomsCustoms

CoordinationCoordination

Intent ?Intent ?

DoDDoD

DIADIACIACIA

TSATSA

TSATSA

DHSDHS

Key Enablers to Maximize Interagency Cooperation & Coordination Necessary to Execute Homeland Air Security

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Ops Concept and Ops Architecture Link

Mechanisms

Controls

Inputs

Outputs

InformationRepository

InformationRepository

ActivitiesActivitiesAndAnd

InformationInformationExchangesExchanges

…An Ops Architecture allowsyou to visualize and identify the

specific framework orenvironment for the essential

processes necessary for attainingthese goals and objectives.

…An Ops Architecture allowsyou to visualize and identify the

specific framework orenvironment for the essential

processes necessary for attainingthese goals and objectives.

An Ops Concept describeshigh level goals and

objectives…

An Ops Concept describeshigh level goals and

objectives…

…To make an Ops Conceptfunctional you must develop a

formalized structure…

…To make an Ops Conceptfunctional you must develop a

formalized structure…

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RECOGNITION

Force Down& Arrest

Lethal Force

Arrest BeforeTake-Off

INTERDICTION RECOVERY

WARNING

Event Reconstruction

Trigger Event

ASSESSMENT

Intent

Do

D

Law

En

forc

emen

t

Law

Enforcement

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RECOGNITION

Force Down& Arrest

Lethal Force

Arrest BeforeTake-Off

INTERDICTION RECOVERY

WARNING

Event Reconstruction

Trigger Event

ASSESSMENT

Intent

Do

D

Law

En

forc

emen

t

Law

Enforcement

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Homeland Air Security Ops Architecture

Video: “Securing the Skies”

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Homeland Air Security Challenges

• Radar Surveillance Coverage Requirements and Strategy– Adv technology plan critical to address strategy (including SLEP with FAA)

– NASCC tasking to JTAMDO covering redundant areas / altitudes

– Noble Eagle Critical Asset List

• Homeland Air Security Developing Structure– Develop Interagency Cooperation and Leadership

– HAS Ops Concept

– HAS Ops Architecture

– National Center and evolving National Capitol Region Coordination Center

• Additional Items– Joint Staff Reorganization created Functional Control Boards

– RADM Mathis - Force Protection

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NCR Demonstration – Industry Day

September 10, 2003Interagency Homeland Air Security

National Capitol Region Demonstration Industry Day

Presented by: Joint Theater Air & Missile Defense Organization (JTAMDO) andNational Defense Industrial Association (NDIA)

• Where: Kossiakoff Center, Laurel, MD; Classification: SECRET, US-only

• Demo Purpose: Facilitate development of a Homeland Air Security (HAS) capability addressing technology in advanced technology sensors, correlators, communications, automated decision support and intelligence/info sharing

• Industry Day Purpose: JTAMDO and Interagency to present HAS concepts and technology requirements for the Demo. Industry will be offered the opportunity after the conference to submit “White Papers” describing their concepts and technologies, as candidates for demonstration and evaluation.

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Questions?