RUNNING HEAD: HEALTH ASSESSMENT1

Week1 NRS 434 Health Assessment

Jignabahen.Patel

GCU

June 13, 2014

DIRECT CARE EXPERIENCE2

References

Scheraga, J. and Furlow, J., 2001. From assessment to policy: Lessons learned from the U.S. National Assessment, Human and Ecological RiskAssessment, Vol 7, pp. 1227–4

Brooke S, Molina G. 2003, Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance Use in a Longitudinal Study of Children With ADHD, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112 (3) :497-507

Dunn AM, Burns C, Sattler B. 2003, Environmental health of children. J PediatrHealth Care, pp 223-31

Ferber D. 2002, Overhaul of CDC panel revives lead safety debate, Science Toxicology, 298:732

Lidsky TI, 2003, Schneider JS. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic Mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain, 126

WHO, 1997, Health and environment in

In 2004, environmental health hasbeen defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “all aspects including human health, including quality of life, which are determined by social physical, chemical biological andpsychosocial environment. It alsorefers to the theory and practiceof assessing, correcting, controlling and preventing environmental factors that affectthe present and future generations”.

Childhood is the most vulnerable group, because of their immaturity and their psychosocial

Resources AvailablePublications & Fact Sheets

Numbered-Series Extension Publications: (available through orderentry)

Protect Your Child From Environmental Health Risks, IP-72

Managing Hazardous Household Products,IP-64

Hazardous Household Products: Alternatives that are Relatively Free of Toxic Effects, FCS4-904

Heating and Cooling Systems: Saving Energy and Staying Safe, IP-66

Management of Wells for Drinking Water, IP-68

Environmental Protection Agency publications The Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) has a variety of publications available related to children’s environmental health and the ten specific topics covered in this lesson.

Websites A variety of web sites provide

reference materials, online tools, andhandout materials that could be utilized in addressing children’s environmental health topics:

What is EnvironmentalHealth?

Jignabahen.Patel

Environmental health& Children

Today there are over 600 million children under five in the world. Theyrepresent the future of the planet andboundless human potential. However, only mothers who are themselves in good health and are able to provide a healthy, clean and safe environment can protect the rights of children to life.

Faced with this exposure to chemicals,it is undeniable that children are themost at risk group. Indeed, young children breathe more air, consume more food and drink more water per kilogram of body weight than adults,

Part I: Indirect CareExperience Pamphlet

This lesson guide contains a lot ofinformation about environmentalhealth risks to children. Thislesson guide contains a lot ofinformation about environmentalhealth risks to children. Becauseof the large number and variety ofobjectives, it would be difficultto teach them all in one session.

RUNNING HEAD: HEALTH ASSESSMENT3

Evidences

Today there are over 600 million children under five in the world.They represent the future of the planet and boundless human potential. However, only mothers who are themselves in good healthand are able to provide a healthy, clean and safe environment can protect the rights of children to life (Scheraga, 2001).

Exposure to harmful environmentalhealth risks can begin before birth. The reproductive system ofpregnant women is especially vulnerable to harmful substances in the environment. Each step of the reproductive process can be altered by toxic substances from the environment and increase the risks of abortion, birth defects,fetal growth retardation and perinatal death. The exposure of women to pesticides, solvents andpersistent organic pollutants canaffect fetal health (WHO, 1997).

Moreover, as the nutrition of thefetus is totally dependent on hismother, the most important factors that affect it are the ones that influence nutrition andmaternal health (Lidsky, 2003).

Topic

FAQs or TestimonialsIllustrate the impact of the environment on the health of children?

To demonstrate the impact of the environment on the health of children, the World Health Organization (WHO) published in 2004 the first "Atlasof children's health and environment." The book brings together a series of data on the effects of environmental hazards on the health of children, whentaken together, provide a vivid picture of the dangers we all face and the reasons why each year more than three million of children under five worldwide.

How pesticides impact on child’s health?According to Dunn (2003), exposing a child to

pesticides can occur early, both prenatally and during breast feeding, carrying things in their mouths and skin contact. The effect on human health from exposure to pesticides depends on a number factors such as the type of pesticide and toxicity, quantity or dose of exposure, duration, time of exposure and the route by which it occurred. Epidemiological studies have described the statistical relationships between prenatal and

RecommendationsIn addition, if people make collective efforts and decide to buy organic food, for example, prices will fall. This is the principle of supply and demand: there are more requests for aproduct, more manufacturers offer and prices decrease. In addition, we must not forget that buying is a vote. This means that if you stop tobuy a product because it contains too many

RUNNING HEAD: HEALTH ASSESSMENT4

HEALTH ASSESSMENT5

Part 2: Direct Care Experience

This pamphlet aims to provide updated information on protect

your child from environmental health hazards. Protecting the

health of your children spends today declare war on some

chemicals and avoid the consequences of an ecosystem that has

begun to deteriorate in some respects.

It is important for the parents of infant child “XYZ” to

review the food, clothing, plastics and detergents usually use in

the home and ask if they can lock any risks for the family, and

what could replace natural options. The aim of this briefing is

to consider only the impact of non-decent or substandard living

conditions such as dampness and overcrowding, regardless of the

status of the people living. Poor housing conditions can have an

impact on the health and well-being of parents too, and therefore

affect their ability to parent, however this briefing considers

the direct impact of the housing environment on the health of

children only.

Cause-effect relationship in children from environmental health:

Complexity of the problem

HEALTH ASSESSMENT6

During the different stages of morphological and biological

development of children, they may have different sensitivity to

exposure to xenobiotics and depend on features and capabilities

of your body for the absorption, biotransformation, distribution

and elimination of toxic die. Children may metabolize a

xenobiotic differently than a healthy adult depending on the

route, timing, dose and duration of exposure (Ferber, 2002).

The placenta plays an important role in protecting the fetus

and damages both its barrier function as metabolic activity. But

despite the barrier function, many drugs and xenobiotic cross

human placenta, often by passive diffusion, and cause deleterious

effects. Metabolic activity of the placenta can transform non-

toxic xenobiotics in severe toxic.

Children, particularly neonates and infants in the first 6

months of life, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of

chemicals due to their immature metabolism and decreased or

absent ability to detoxify and eliminate xenobiotics. The

metabolic immaturity may be protective when a xenobiotic require

metabolic activation to be toxic.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT7

Children grow and develop rapidly during the first 3 years

of life and again during puberty. They are anabolic, have a fast

and efficient energy metabolism and xenobiotics can absorb more

completely than adults (Scheraga, 2001).

Water Pollution

Contaminated water and poor hygiene cause a wide range of

diseases, many of which are potentially fatal. The most lethal

diseases that cause diarrhea: between 80 and 90% of these are the

results of environmental conditions. Diarrheal infections cause

death, mainly because of dehydration; while still greater the

number of children suffering from diarrhea whose consequences,

while not fatal, leaving the child with a less than normal weight

truncated physical, makes them vulnerable to other diseases and

leaves lacking energy (Lidsky, 2003).

Actions to Be Taken

There are actions that may seem costly in some respects. By

cons, we must consider this as a long term investment for our

health, but also for the society in which we live. Indeed, the

HEALTH ASSESSMENT8

question arises regarding the cost of a chronic disease such as

cancer. In addition to the monetary cost, calculate the decrease

in quality of life sometimes for several years, both physical and

psychological suffering, treatments, and medications.

In addition, if people make collective efforts and decide to

buy organic food, for example, prices will fall. This is the

principle of supply and demand: there are more requests for a

product, more manufacturers offer and prices decrease. In

addition, we must not forget that buying is a vote. This means

that if you stop to buy a product because it contains too many

harmful substances, the company will have no choice but to change

the formulation of the product when sales will decrease (WHO,

1997). Another way to put pressure on the industry: petitions.

Indeed, they have eliminated many toxic substances in products of

Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson, Zara, Levis and many others.

Consumer opinion is often very important for companies and often

forced to make changes.

In conclusion, we want to inform people about the dangers

that may affect more or less serious in their lives so they

intervene positively before the disease. The necessary conditions

HEALTH ASSESSMENT9

for the existence of a healthy environment clean air, clean water

in sufficient quantity and adequate global ecosystem for humans

counted (Brooke, 2003).

Also, it is important to control the production of the food

we eat and avoid chemicals that are used for development and

conservation thereof. To achieve this goal it is important that

decision-makers at international, regional and national agencies,

along with non-governmental organizations, communities and

families to join efforts for major environmental hazards are

recognizing and addressing. This may include policy action,

advocacy, prevention and community involvement.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT10

References

Brooke S, Molina G. 2003, Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance Use in

a Longitudinal Study of Children With ADHD, Journal of Abnormal

Psychology, 112 (3) :497-507

Dunn AM, Burns C, Sattler B. 2003, Environmental health of children. J

Pediatr Health Care, pp 223-31

Ferber D. 2002, Overhaul of CDC panel revives lead safety debate, Science

Toxicology, 298:732

Lidsky TI, 2003, Schneider JS. Lead neurotoxicity in children:

basic Mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain, 126

Scheraga, J. and Furlow, J., 2001. From assessment to policy: Lessons

learned from the U.S. National Assessment, Human and Ecological

Risk Assessment, Vol 7, pp. 1227–4

WHO, 1997, Health and environment in sustainable development, World Health

Organization, Geneva