CHAPTER – ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

An internship is a work-related learning experience for students to develop hands-on work experience in a certain occupational field. The most internship is temporary assignments. The internship is regarded as the learning opportunity for the students. However, the internship offering organization will also get benefitted. Internships provide real world experience to those looking to explore or gain the relevant knowledge and skills required to enter into a particular career field. The internship is relatively short term in nature with the primary focus on getting some on the job training and taking what is learned in the classroom and applying it to the real world. Interns can be high school or college students or even adults interested in trying out a new career. The internship is an excellent way to begin building those all-important connections that are invaluable in developing and maintaining a strong professional network for the future.As the internee has done my internship with CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED, the organization will also be benefited from various perspectives. The study will help CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED to find out reasons for broadening up the market structures with respect to the Customer Service Department. It will help to find the target market in terms of competitive, relation set-up background and other aspects. Hence, this will ultimately help CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED in capturing the overall market, which will result in increased Sales Revenue.The study can be a useful, to the Sales and Customer Service Department of the bank. The study broadens up the context of Customer’s relationship throughout the country. It is the relation with the market, then can help make the new product difficult to enter into the market. The strength and weakness are also being considered so that the places where improvements are necessary can be made. This will help to overcome weakness and gain a more competitive advantage.

Objectives of InternshipInternship project is one of the complementary parts of BBA study. It is regarded as the golden opportunity for the students to have real-world experience by doing the internship project. The following are the major objectives of this internship project that the internee did in CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED:

To develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situations. To test the interest in a particular career before permanent commitments are made. To develop skills and techniques directly applicable to the career.To watch the industry and its dimensions of marketing management and research and development.To develop and maintain a valuable professional network for the future jobs.

1.3 LIMITATION OF RESEARCH

The research was limited to just a few area of Kathmandu.

As lots of Banks were outside of the valley so the further data and information were could not be collected.

Number of Banks tried to avoid providing the information so the exact scenario of the solar business could not figure out.

Although this project report gives the flavor of the strategic plan for boosting promotion and sales, it suffers from following drawbacks.

This report is only in partial fulfillment of the semester requirements so the detailed study of the Banking Service, on the whole, could not be conducted in the detailed form.Some concerned people in the market were not very cooperative. Therefore difficulty in collection of the information regarding their response toward this market.

1.4 Methodology The methodology is the process of arriving at the solution of the problems through planned and systematic dealing with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of facts and figures. This report has been prepared based on Eight weeks internship experience at CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED. Interaction with the staffs and customers as well as the practical involvement in the operations of the department provided the major source of primary data for this study. Apart from that, few books, websites, previous internship reports, the company’s annual report and customer information files have served as secondary sources of data for the purpose of preparation of the report.

1.4.1 Organization Selection The internship program has been made an essential part of the academic program in BBA, which aims to expose the students to business management sector as well as industrial sector. Citizen International Bank Limited was selected as an organization for pursuing the internship program because it is the best commercial bank and one of the most reputed and successful bank in Nepal both in terms of expansion and profitability. Moreover, the company has been the dream company of the internee because of the fact that the company provides challenging, innovative as well as flexible jobs to the interns as the result of which the potentials of the interns are fully utilized. Besides, it also offers good opportunities and platforms to many interns depending upon the performance and behavior of the interns and the requirements of the company.

1.4.2 Placement The interns are placed in different departments of Bank depending upon their requirement. Thus, the following intern was assigned for Eight weeks at different departments which are Customer Service Department and Remittance department.

1.4.3 Duration of InternshipInternship carries four credit hours of the BBA program. According to the faculty of

management, Purbanchal University, the duration of internship period has been defined for eight weeks. The internee conducted an internship in for Eight weeks beginning from 13th October to 8th December 2011. Completing the internship in CG, the internee was able to gain in-depth knowledge regarding the functioning of the Customer Service Department of the company that helped a lot in grooming the interpersonal skills, managerial skills as well as marketing and research with full confidence. During the course of the internship, the internee was able to learn about the company’s culture, work environment and the working procedure of the various departments of the company.

Table 1.1: Duration of Internship in various departments at CIBL

S.N Department Period

1. Customer Service Department 4 weeks

2. Remittance Department 4 weeks

1.4.4 Data CollectionAll the information needed for the research study have been collected from different authentic sources and have been categorized them as primary and secondary data. They are briefly introduced below:

(a) Primary DataPrimary data are those collected by the researcher on the concerned topic, which is original in nature. While doing internship, internee came across primary data from different authentic sources like:

InterviewsDirect in-depth interviews were conducted in order to obtain the necessary information with the customers, competitors, head of the department of CIBL, managers of CIBL and other concerned parties.

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire responses from the customers, competitors, head of the department of CIBL, managers of CIBL and other concerned parties.

Direct observationThe relevant data as per the requirement was collected by physically observing the products, marketing skills, showrooms, dealers, shops, competitors’ premises and outlets, etc(b) Secondary DataSecondary data are those collected by the researcher on the concerned topic which is not original in nature or is originally collected for some other purposes. The main sources of the secondary data were:Statistical publication on trade and Magazines. Websites www.google.comAnnual reports of CIBL.

Different journals and business magazines etc.

1.4.5 Activities Performed in the OrganizationThe internee was placed at various departments of CIBL at Kamaladi. During the internship period of eight weeks, internee has worked on Customer service and remittance department. The overall activities performed by the internee during the internship period are:

Week 1:The week one started from October 13th, 2011 and ended at October 19rd 2011. In this week, internee joined CIBL. Internee was provided the mockup experience of the overall work practices of CIBL and was briefed about the work to be done during the internship. Internee got the opportunity to visit the different department of CIBL to get the preliminary experience. The assistance department head provided internee the information about the banking service done by CIBL. He showed me those account opening form filled up and how to explanation about product and service to customers. Internee was also made aware of the jargon words used in the organization as well. After the mock up session, internee was made aware of the survey. Then the internee was asked to prepare the survey questionnaire and told to get the data. Also, the internee was told to collect the data and to put into the paper.

Week 2:The second week started from October 20th and ended at October 27th, 2011. The real work of the internee started from the second week onwards. The second week onwards, internee started conducting account opening with the questionnaire. In the second week, internee conducted the survey and collected the data and at the end of the week documented all the data and made PowerPoint Presentation to the head of the department and other internship supervisors of CIBL.

Week 3:The third week started from October 28th ended at November 4th, 2011. In the third week, internees again conducted the Accounting opening, ATM card distribution and maintain a record in the system and collected the data from the customers and at the end of the week documented all the data and made PowerPoint Presentation to the head of the department and other internship supervisors of CIBL.

Week 4:The fourth week started from November 5th ended at November 12th, 2011. In the fourth week, internee made cheque book according to customers’ requirement and maintain details of customers.

Week 5:The fifth week started from November 13th ended at November 19th, 2011. In the fifth week, internee prepared the different loan form for the companies and personal loan for the available loan and placed their process.

Week 6:The sixth week started from November 20th ended at November 27th, 2011. In the sixth week,

internee shifted to Remittance department and conducted the cheque deposit process and distributed ATM pin code.

Week 7:The seventh week started from November 28th and ended at December 4th, 2011. In the seventh week, internee again conducted the customer survey and collected the data from the customers and at the end of the week documented all the data and made PowerPoint Presentation to the head of the department and other internship supervisors of CIBL.

Week 8:The eighth week started from December 5th and ended at December 8th, 2011. In the eighth week, I conducted the analysis of the data entered and made the final report and finally did the PowerPoint Presentation of the entire work performed throughout the internship period and submitted the final report to the internship supervisor as well as the Human Resource Department of CIBL.

1.5 Limitations of the Study This report has been prepared on the basis of observations and experience gained during the internship period. Thus, this study is focused on customer service department of CIBL. However, it gives a general idea of the marketing strategies of overall companies.

The other limitations are:This study is not applicable to other organizations of similar nature.The company’s policy on keeping some matters confidential prevented interns from analyzing different activities.The interpretation and conclusion were drawn within the limitations of individual’s knowledge and judgment abilities and based on data provided and other published and unpublished sources. Therefore, it may lack the professional and expert touch.This study focuses on marketing and research and development section only so does not give an idea of other departments’ information.1.6 Organization of the Study This report has been divided into five chapters. These five chapters have been organized as follows:

Chapter OneThe first chapter deals with an introduction that consists of the background of the study, the objective of the study, methodology, activities performed in the organization and limitations of the study. It provides an overview of what to expect from the report.

Chapter TwoSimilarly, the second chapter explains financial institution background that contains a detailed explanation of the trade and industry including meaning of Bank, origin of bank, historical background of world banking systems,, functions and objectives, principles of multinational banking systems, Nepal’s expectations from international banking, benefits, implications as well as the cost and challenges ahead from the multinational banks, trade policy, institutional arrangements and Nepal Banking Promotion Organization.

Chapter ThreeThe third chapter gives a brief overview of the organization where the internship was carried out. This chapter includes the introduction, vision, mission and company goals and objectives, ownership pattern as well as the products and services and organization structure of CIBL. Banking Partners and associates, achievement, employment in organization and working environment of CIBL.

Chapter FourThe fourth chapter deals with analysis of the entire activities performed throughout the internship period and the problem solved. It includes all the activities performed under the customer service department and remittance department and output of the work done throughout the internship period.

Chapter FiveThe fifth and the last chapter of this report present summary and conclusion of the entire report and the necessary recommendations to the organization.

CHAPTER - TWOINTRODUCTION OF THE BANKING2.1 Meaning of BankAn establishment authorized by a government to accept deposits, pay interest, clear checks, make loans, act as an intermediary in financial transactions, and provide other financial services to its customers.

2.2 History and Origin of BankWith the exception of the extremely wealthy, very few people buy their homes in all-cash transactions. Most of us need a mortgage, or some form of credit, to make such a large purchase. In fact, many people use credit in the form of credit cards to pay for everyday items. The world as we know it wouldn't run smoothly without credit and banks to issue it.

Divine DepositsBanks have been around since the first currencies were minted, perhaps even before that, in some form or another. Currency, particularly the use of coins, grew out of taxation. In the early days of ancient empires, a tax of on healthy pig per year might be reasonable, but as empires expanded, this type of payment became less desirable. Additionally, empires began to need a way to pay for foreign goods and services, with something that could be exchanged more easily. Coins of varying sizes and metals served in the place of fragile, impermanent paper bills.Flipping a CoinThese coins, however, needed to be kept in a safe place. Ancient homes didn't have the benefit of a steel safe, therefore, most wealthy people held accounts at their temples. Numerous people, like priests or temple workers whom one hoped were both devout and honest, always occupied the temples, adding a sense of security. There are records from Greece, Rome, Egypt and Ancient Babylon that suggest temples loaned money out, in addition to keeping it safe. The fact that most temples were also the financial centers of their cities is the major reason that they were ransacked during wars. Coins could be hoarded more easily than other commodities, such as 300-pound pigs, so there emerged a class of wealthy merchants that took to lending these coins, with interest, to people in need. Temples generally handled large loans, as well as loans to various sovereigns, and these new money lenders took up the rest.

The First BankThe Romans, great builders and administrators in their own right, took banking out of the temples and formalized it within distinct buildings. During this time moneylenders still profited, as loan sharks do today, but most legitimate commerce, and almost all governmental spending, involved the use of an institutional bank. Julius Caesar, in one of the edicts changing Roman law after his takeover, gives the first example of allowing bankers to confiscate land in lieu of loan payments. This was a monumental shift of power in the relationship of creditor and debtor, as landed noblemen were untouchable through most of history, passing debts off to descendants until either the creditor's or debtor's lineage died out. The Roman Empire eventually crumbled, but some of its banking institutions lived on in the form of the papal bankers that emerged in the

Holy Roman Empire and with the Knights of the Temple during the Crusades. Small-time moneylenders that competed with the church were often denounced for usury.

Visa RoyalEventually, the various monarchs that reigned over Europe noted the strengths of banking institutions. As banks existed by the grace, and occasionally explicit charters and contracts, of the ruling sovereign, the royal powers began to take loans to make up for hard times at the royal treasury, often on the king's terms. This easy finance led kings into unnecessary extravagances, costly wars and an arms race with neighboring kingdoms that lead to crushing debt. In 1557, Phillip II of Spain managed to burden his kingdom with so much debt, as the result of several pointless wars, that he caused the world's first national bankruptcy, as well as the second, third and fourth, in rapid succession. This occurred because 40% of the country's gross national product (GNP) was going toward servicing the debt. The trend of turning a blind eye to the creditworthiness of big customers continues to haunt banks up into this day and age.

2.3 Historical Background of World Banking System

Adam Smith and Modern BankingBanking was already well established in the British Empire when Adam Smith came along in 1776 with his "invisible hand" theory. Empowered by his views of a self-regulated economy, moneylenders and bankers managed to limit the state's involvement in the banking sector and the economy as a whole. This free market capitalism and competitive banking found fertile ground in the New World, where the United States of America was getting ready to emerge.

In the beginning, Smith's ideas did not benefit the American banking industry. The average life for an American bank was five years, after which most bank notes from the defaulted banks became worthless. These state-chartered banks could, after all, only issue bank notes against gold and silver coins they had in reserve. A bank robbery meant a lot more before, than it does now, in the age of deposit insurance and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - FDIC. Compounding these risks was the cyclical cash crunch in America.

Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the Treasury, established a national bank that would accept member bank notes at par, thus floating banks through difficult times. This national bank, after a few stops, starts, cancellations and resurrections, created a uniform national currency and set up a system by which national banks backed their notes by purchasing Treasury securities, thus creating a liquid market. Through the imposition of taxes on the relatively lawless state banks, the national banks pushed out the competition.

The damage had been done already, however, as average Americans had already grown to distrust banks and bankers in general. This feeling would lead the state of Texas to actually outlaw bankers, law that stood until 1904.

Merchant BanksMost of the economic duties that would have been handled by the national banking system, addition to regular banking business like loans and corporate finance, fell into the hands of large merchant banks, because the national banking system was so sporadic. During this period of

unrest that lasted until the 1920s, these merchant banks parlayed their international connections into both political and financial power. These banks included Goldman and Sachs, Kuhn, Loeb, and J.P. Morgan and Company. Originally, they relied heavily on commissions from foreign bond sales from Europe, with a small backflow of American bonds trading in Europe. This allowed them to build up their capital.

At that time, a bank was under no legal obligation to disclose its capital reserve amount, an indication of its ability to survive large, above-average loan losses. This mysterious practice meant that a bank's reputation and history mattered more than anything. While upstart banks came and went, these family-held merchant banks had long histories of successful transactions. As large industry emerged and created the need for corporate finance, the amounts of capital required could not be provided by any one bank, so IPOs and bond offerings to the public became the only way to raise the needed capital.

The public in the U.S. and foreign investors in Europe knew very little about investing, due to the fact that disclosure was not legally enforced. Therefore, these issues were largely ignored, according to the public's perception of the underwriting banks. Consequently, successful offerings increased a bank's reputation and put it in a position to ask for more to underwrite an offer. By the late 1800s, many banks demanded a position on the boards of the companies seeking capital, and, if the management proved lacking, they ran the companies themselves.

Morgan and MonopolyJ.P. Morgan and Company emerged at the head of the merchant banks during the late 1800s. It was connected directly to London, then the financial center of the world and had considerable political clout in the United States. Morgan and Co. created U.S. Steel, AT&T and International Harvester, as well as duopolies and near-monopolies in the railroad and shipping industries, through the revolutionary use of trusts and a disdain for the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. (To find out more about this subject, read Antitrust Defined.)

Although the dawn of the 1900s had well-established merchant banks, it was difficult for the average American to get loans from them. These banks didn't advertise and they rarely extended credit to the "common" people.

sm was also widespread and, even though the Jewish and Anglo-American bankers had to work together on large issues, their customers were split along clear class and race lines. These banks left consumer loans to the lesser banks that were still failing at an alarming rate.

The Panic of 1907The collapse in shares of a copper trust set off a panic that had people rushing to pull their money out of banks and investments, which caused shares to plummet. Without the Federal Reserve Bank to take action to calm people down, the task fell to J.P. Morgan to stop the panic, by using his considerable clout to gather all the major players on Wall Street to maneuver the credit and capital they controlled, just as the Fed would do today.

The End of an EraIronically, this show of supreme power in saving the U.S. economy ensured that no private banker would ever again wield that power. The fact that it took J.P. Morgan, a banker who was disliked by much of America for being one of the robber barons with Carnegie and Rockefeller, to do the job, prompted the government to form the Federal Reserve Bank, commonly referred to today as the Fed, in 1913. Although the merchant banks influenced the structure of the Fed, they were also pushed into the background by it.

Even with the establishment of the Federal Reserve, financial power, and residual political power, was concentrated in Wall Street. When the First World War broke out, America became a global lender and replaced London as the center of the financial world by the end of the war. Unfortunately, a Republican administration put some unconventional handcuffs on the banking sector. The government insisted that all debtor nations must pay back their war loans which traditionally were forgiven, especially in the case of allies, before any American institution would extend them further credit.

This slowed down world trade and caused many countries to become hostile toward American goods. When the stock market crashed in on Black Tuesday in 1929, the already sluggish world economy was knocked out. The Federal Reserve couldn't contain the crash and refused to stop the depression; the aftermath had immediate consequences for all banks. A clear line was drawn between being a bank and being an investor. In 1933, banks were no longer allowed to speculate with deposits and the FDIC regulations were enacted, to convince the public it was safe to come back. No one was fooled and the depression continued.

World War II Saves the DayWorld War II may have saved the banking industry from complete destruction. WWII, and the industriousness it generated, lifted the American and world economy back out of the downward spiral.

For the banks and the Federal Reserve, the war required financial maneuvers using billions of dollars. This massive financing operation created companies with huge credit needs that in turn spurred banks into mergers to meet the new needs. These huge banks spanned global markets. More importantly, domestic banking in the United States had finally settled to the point where, with the advent of deposit insurance and mortgages, an individual would have reasonable access to credit.

The Bottom LineBanks have come a long way from the temples of the ancient world, but their basic business practices have not changed. Banks issue credit to people who need it, but demand interest on top of the repayment of the loan. Although history has altered the fine points of the business model, a bank's purpose is to make loans and protect depositors' money. Even if the future takes banks completely off your street corner and onto the internet, or has you shopping for loans across the globe, the banks will still exist to perform this primary function.

2.4.1 The Key Functions of the Bank

2.4.1.0 Primary Functions of Commercial Bank have to edit numbers

Basic or primary functions of a commercial bank are very important in nature. These functions provide t base of the whole operation of the bank. The basic functions of a commercial bank are as under

1. Accepting deposits:

Accepting deposits is the most important function of all commercial banks. Deposit is the basis of commercial banks' activities. In order to attract The general public to deposit their surplus money in the bank, the bank offers to deposit money in any of the following accounts:

. CURRENT OR DEMAND ACCOUNT:

Current or demand account is one where the amount can be withdrawn at any time by the depositor.

3.1.2. SAVING ACCOUNT:

Saving account is suitable for non-trading and small income earners. Saving account helps in mobilization of the saving of low income people. The commercial banks pay interest on this type cf deposits.

3.1.3. FIXED DEPOSIT ACCOUNT OR TERM DEPOSIT ACCOUNT:

Fixed deposit account is the account in which amounts are deposited for a certain fixed period of time. The deposits cannot be withdrawn before the expiry of this fixed period. The longer the period of deposits, the higher is the rate of profit.

3.1.4. FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT:

Foreign currency account is opened only in authorized branches. A foreign currency account may be a foreign currency saving account or foreign currency term deposit account. Foreign currency account in Pakistan can be opened in USA Dollar, UK Pound, German Mark, Japanese Yen, etc. This account is exempted from all taxes and deduction. No income tax or Zakat is deducted from this account.

3.2. Advancing Loans:

The second important function of commercial bank is advancing loans to the individuals, businessmen and government bodies. The loans are granted out of deposited money. Generally, commercial bank grants short-term loans.

3.2.1. OVERDRAFT:

Overdraft is a short-term loan granted by commercial banks to their account holders. Under this type of loan, the customers are allowed to draw more than what they have in their current account up to a certain limit. The excess amount overdrawn is called overdraft.

3.2.2. CASH CREDIT:

Cash credit is a very common form of loan granted by commercial banks to businessmen and industrial units against the security of goods. The loan granted under this head is credited to current account opened in the name of borrower. The borrower can withdraw money through cheques according to his requirement. The interest is charged on the amount actually withdrawn by the borrower.

3.2.3. LOANS:

Commercial banks grant loans for short and medium-term to individuals and traders against the security of movable and immovable property. The amount of loan is credited to the borrower's account. Interest is charged on the entire loan sanctioned.

3.2.4. DISCOUNTING BILLS OF EXCHANGE:

Banks provide short term lean to the businessmen by discounting bills of exchange. Discounting the bills of exchange means the arrangements of making payments before maturity of bills of exchange. The payment made by the bank to the holder of bill of exchange before its maturity is the amount of loan. The discount charged is the earning of the bank.

2.5 The Principles of Multilateral Trading System

I. Trade without Discrimination Most-Favored Nation (MFN): The WTO stipulates that countries cannot discriminate against other member countries. However, there are exceptions, and they include free trade areas. ' MFN means that every time a country lowers a trade barrier or opens up a market, it has to do so for the same goods and services from all its trading partners -- whether rich or poor, weak or strong. II. Special and Differential Treatment (S&D): However, there are special provisions that give developing and least developed countries, which make up over three quarters of WTO members, exclusive rights. For instance, they are given more time to implement WTO agreements, assistance in increasing their trade opportunities and support to help them build the infrastructure they need for WTO work. Also, the WTO provides technical assistance and training to these countries. This is all done to give them equal footing with the more industrialized and competitive member countries. National Treatment: Both imported and locally produced goods should be treated equally.

II. Freer Trade: Lowering trade barriers will encourage trade. Examples of barriers include tariffs (or customs duties), import bans and quotas. This can be accomplished through negotiations.

III. Predictability: In order for a trade system to be predictable, there needs to be transparency in the national government's practices, as well as in the multilateral level. Foreign companies, investors and governments should not have to fear the random and illogical increases in trade barriers. In the WTO, tariff rates and market opening/access commitments are 'bound'. In terms of goods, binding refers to ceilings on customs tariff rates. To ensure transparency, many WTO agreements require governments to publicly release their policies by notifying the WTO. Also, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism allows for regular inspection of national trade policies.

IV. Promote Fair Competition: The WTO discourages unfair trade practices, such as export subsidies and dumping (export of products at lower cost to gain market share). MFN and national treatment should further their goal of creating an equal playing field in the trading system.v. Encourage development and economic reform: The WTO feels developing countries deserve more time to implement WTO agreements, thus they are more flexible with them than they are with industrialized members. Industrialized countries are encouraged to assist developing countries in their trading activities.

2.6 Nepal's Expectations from WTO Membership To capitalize the benefits of globalization, Nepal wishes to integrate its economy with global economy and initiated economic reforms in the mid-1980s, which was boosted after restoration of multiparty democratic system in the 1990s6. The Ninth Plan (the first plan formulated and implemented after restoration of democratic system) sets a long-term goal of integrating the trade sector into the globalization process by making it fully competitive and market oriented, and aims to achieve one per cent share in the global trade by 2015. The Plan identified accession to the WTO and development of requisite infrastructures to maximize the benefits of WTO membership as one of its major strategies. Nepal had applied for accession to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1989.

However, the accession process in the GATT could not move forward to its logical conclusion. After the establishment of WTO on 1 January 1995, Nepal applied for accession to it. After arduous negotiations for about 6 years, Nepal became the 147th member of WTO on 23 April 2004.Nepal acceded to the WTO with the firm belief that membership in the rule-based trading regime is essential for expanding trade opportunities, facilitating competition and absorbing knowledge, thereby creating opportunities for growth and pursuing overall development goals. On the basis of past experience it can be claimed that WTO membership may help to expand trade by providing predictability, security, transparency of market access, but it does not necessarily guarantee immediate or longer-term economic and human development. Benefits of the membership are not automatic; various efforts are needed to seize the opportunities created by WTO membership and if the stakeholders (basically the government, and private sector) do not work pro-actively and undertake proper and necessary actions timely, Nepal has only to lose in the WTO era.

2.7 Implications of Nepal's MembershipNepal, being a small land-locked economy sandwiched between two large and fastest growing economies of the world -- China and India -- has no choice other than externalizing its economy through WTO membership in order to achieve the desired pace of growth and development. For a small economy like Nepal it is very difficult to achieve its economic goals while remaining isolated from the global rules of trade, especially in present situation when more than 90 percent of the global trade is governed by the trade rules under the framework of WTO provision. Moreover, Nepal cannot resist the negative spillover effect without getting into WTO in the context when India and China both are members of WTO. However, the cost and challenges of WTO membership are also remarkable. The implications of WTO membership depends on various factors such as internal and external institutions and social and economic policy preconditions that largely determine to what extent the country and the people benefit from WTO membership. Nepal needs prudent economic policies, removal of supply side constraints, increased institutional capacity and infrastructure development to maximize the benefits while mitigating the adverse effects. Therefore, it can be said that the implications of membership are not pre-determined and unique. However, on the basis of past experiences, the following can be considered as the benefits and challenges for Nepal in the post-WTO membership period.

2.8 Benefits of WTO MembershipWTO membership established Nepal as an independent economic entity competent to trade under the global framework of rules. It is indeed a national pride for all the Nepalese. WTO membership would help to lock in the ongoing liberalization process and increase the credibility of initial reform; provide substantial improvements in market access over the existing bilateral and multilateral preferences accorded to Nepal; secure transit rights; and provide a stronger, faster, impartial, and a binding mechanism for dispute settlement. In addition, it is argued that the membership would dismantle the cost of non-membership; and ensure greater stability in economic and trade policy. The benefits of membership can be outlined as follows:

2.8.1 Market Access Opportunities Market access opportunities provided by the WTO system can lead to further investment addressing the constraint of limited domestic market for economic scale of productive operation, which will also help to raise investment, economic production of goods and services and industrialization process. The membership has also secured extended market opportunities in member countries without discrimination for Nepal's exports. Many factors determine volume, composition and growth of trade (export) and WTO membership can be only one among them; and moreover, only two years are not enough to judge the performance, but some kind of symptoms should be there that show the progress. The experience and performance of the past two years, however, does not show any kind of remarkable achievement in this regard. This clearly indicates that, unless the supply side constraints are managed properly, Nepal cannot benefit from increased market access opportunities.

2.8.2 Policy StabilityThe WTO regime provides opportunity for policy stability internally which is of utmost urgency in the context of the existing political instability in order to provide an environment of predictability for investment and industrialization. National policy decisions are locked to the framework of WTO provisions, which enhance the credibility of the country in terms of economic governance.

2.8.3 Attract Foreign Direct InvestmentPolicy stability due to WTO membership provides credibility to the nation in terms of economic activities with predictable environment. Such environment is essential to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and technology to expedite industrialization process in Nepal. Additionally, the mandatory provision of WTO in protecting intellectual property rights creates a better situation for attracting investment. However, apart from policy stability, foreign investors need some more pre-conditions; most importantly, the size of market, infrastructure, security of private property, peace and condition of law and order in the country. Unfortunately, most of these pre-conditions are absent at present in Nepal; therefore, it would not be appropriate to blame WTO membership for not boosting FDI flows and for making Nepal a less attractive destination for investors even after the membership.

2.8.4 Gearing up Domestic Institutional CapabilityJoining WTO reflects national commitment in gearing up domestic institutional capability in delivering services related to trade and economic transactions. Similarly, the challenge to business community in enhancing their competitive capability certainly builds pressure to look at their own existing lapses and inefficiency, paving the way for the effective actions to correct them. Therefore, WTO membership can be an effective excuse in domestic constituency and private corporate culture to adopt and enforce reform measures with drastic changes departing from traditional and status quo oriented approach.

2.8.5 Benefits of Positive DiscriminationNepal, a least developed country (LDC), can benefit from the WTO mechanism of positive discriminations. Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT) provisions of WTO, though considered best endeavor clauses without strength as in binding clauses, provide comfort from

abiding tough obligations, and longer transition period for necessary policy and institutional adjustment. Orientation of WTO system towards development dimension of trade can prove beneficial to have trade-led growth in the context of increasing opportunities from the process of globalization. Growth in trade linking to address poverty is of utmost concern to countries like Nepal. The strategic approach of backward and forward linkage in actions to develop trade is the added advantage to weaker economies, which is expected to derive from multilateral rules of global trade, after the Doha Declaration.

2.8.6 Establishment of Trade and Transit RightsEstablishment of trade rights of the WTO members saves them from the consequences of unilateral decisions between trading partners. Trade rights are institutionalized by WTO framework. The dispute settlement body of WTO has demonstrated courageous decisions in favor of weaker and smaller trading partners against stronger members. Nepal, as a landlocked country, has to get institutionalized recognition for access to sea. Article V of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which constitute mandatory provisions to all member countries of WTO, deals with freedom of transit. It is clearly stated that, 'there shall be freedom of transit through the territory of each contracting party, via the routes most convenient for international transit, for traffic in transit to or from the territory of other contracting parties.' It is further stated in this Article that, ' no distinction shall be made based on the flag of vessel, the place of origin, departure, entry, exit or destination, or any circumstances relating to the ownership of goods, of vessels or other means of transport, and traffic shall not be subject to any unnecessary delays or restriction.'

2.8.7 Removal of Supply Side ConstraintsAs the Nepalese economy is import dependent due to limitation on its resource endowment, consistency and predictability in supply is of paramount concern. Being a member of WTO, alternative trading partners among the members, without discrimination in terms of trade, extend additional assurance of supply consistency required both for industrial input and domestic consumption.

2.8.8 Implications for SMEs Membership to a rule based multilateral organization like WTO has opened many economic opportunities as well as challenges for Nepal's entrepreneurs/enterprises, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The membership may help to expand business activities by expanding market access opportunities and by providing predictability, security, transparency and stability in economic policies at national level and globally. But in a predominantly agricultural economy like Nepal, with poor infrastructure, resource scarcity, and very underdeveloped industrial base that depend on traditional methods of production; the said benefits are doubtful to achieve. Nepal's commitment to further liberalize its trade regime and adopt WTO compatible policies and legislation is likely to produce winners and losers in industrial sector, particularly within the SMEs sector. Many WTO agreements have significant importance for Nepal's SMEs, which may affect the SMEs both positively and negatively. Therefore, likely implications of various WTO agreements should be analyzed and assessed cautiously. Status of SMEs in Nepal. Industrial Policy 1997 (amended) has defined small industries as industries having fixed assets not exceeding Rs 30 million and medium industries having fixed assets between 30 million and

Rs. 100 million. The overall status of SMEs, including investment and contribution to the economy is not well documented, but it comprises most of the country's economic activities. As stated in the Tenth Plan, more than 90 per cent of the industries fall under small and cottage industry (cottage and small scale) categories and these industries have contributed over 70 per cent of employment in industrial sector, and 50 per cent in value addition. The plan recognized the huge potential of SMEs as an important means for poverty reduction, and sets an objective to increase the income and purchasing power of the rural people through employment generation in the micro, cottage and small industries. Accordingly, the plan adopted strategies to give special attention in sustainable development of infrastructure, entrepreneurship and skills to develop micro, cottage and small industries based on local-agro forest resources. Implications of WTO membership WTO is an international organization that deals with the rules of the trade between its 150 members. WTO rules embodied in its various agreements provide the basic framework for international trade. WTO Agreements cover not only trade in goods, but trade in services and in ideas (intellectual property) as well. The goal of WTO, among others, is to help enterprises, including SMEs, to conduct their business in a rule-based trading environment. However, WTO does not provide direct assistance to SMEs.Nepal's WTO membership may affect SMEs as a producer or an exporter and importer of goods and services. Most importantly, various WTO rules and decisions involving obligations relating to reduction of tariffs, cutting of major subsidies incompatible with WTO rules, trade related intellectual property rights, technical standards and large-scale liberalization of services/infrastructure can affect SMEs.In this context, it can be said that the WTO agreements, by creating a rules-based trading system, confer advantages to all enterprises (including SMEs) involved in international trade in WTO member countries. However, WTO rules do not differentiate between enterprises according to their size. They provide a level playing field for all participants in international trade.The majority of industrial enterprises operating in Nepal, belonging to the small scale category may not be in a position to market their products internationally. With assured policy commitment of opening of our economy inherent due to WTO membership, interest of multinational and transnational companies can be drawn towards Nepal, which ultimately provides linkage to smaller and medium sized Nepalese entrepreneurs. Productive capacity of such smaller entrepreneurs will be complemented by the marketing strength of multinationals. Similarly, SMEs can base their demand on WTO provisions for domestic mechanism of protection. Subsidy provisions for small and medium scale entrepreneurs can be managed for research, or due to the location of disadvantaged regions, or to adapt new environment. Similarly trade remedy measures can be activated for protection from import injuries. The WTO membership has also imposed many challenges to SMEs. First, WTO's import liberalization measures, including gradual tariff reduction and prohibition of quantitative restriction on imports, may increase competition for SMEs. They may also be deprived of conventional subsidies and differential treatments that are not compatible with WTO rules. Similarly, some WTO agreements, particularly Sanitary and Phytosanitory (SPS) Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) may bring additional challenges for Nepalese SMEs. SMEs, due to their un-standardized products, may face quality/standard gap because of WTO's standard and quality related agreements (SPS and TBT). Such standard and quality related aspect may limit market access opportunities for SMEs. Adapting standards will imply additional costs and rise in operational expenditure. Therefore, export risk will increase for SME's, especially in products

from regions subject to higher standards of SPS measures. Similarly, SMEs are expected to incur high cost as a result of TRIPS Agreement due to royalty payments related to intellectual property (copyrights and related rights, trademarks, industrial designs, patents, layout designs of integrated circuits etc). In this context, the most important issues that may pressurize SMEs of Nepal after WTO membership can be greater competition, challenges to fulfill quality and technical standard, and royalty payments to the owners of intellectual property.

2.8.9 Benefits of Service Trade Liberalization Competitiveness of producers in an economy largely depends on access to efficient banking, insurance, accountancy, legal, telecommunications, transport systems and other services. Services are an integral part of other economic activities; therefore the benefits of services liberalization do not just accrue to the service industries but to other economic activities as well. Many empirical studies assessed possible benefits of service liberalization and more importantly, it is found that developing countries stand to gain relatively more than industrial countries for liberalizing their services trade.

Recognizing the growing importance of services and the various constraints impeding the globalization of this sector, the Uruguay Round broadened the scope of multilateral trade negotiations to include services for the first time in the history of trade negotiations. Under Uruguay Round a Group on Negotiations for Services was established, with the aim to promote orderly and transparent trade and investment liberalization in services. General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is the final result of negotiations under Uruguay Round.

2.9 Costs and Challenges AheadThe membership however, is not free from cost and challenges. Viewing the existing level of development, infrastructure, human resource availability, competitiveness of private sector and supply side constraints, a few Nepalese are pessimistic about the results of membership. The recent anti-globalization critics argued that it may hurt Nepal's poor by increasing poverty and inequality. They also attack its negative impact on public health, basically through the TRIPS agreement that may significantly affect access to medicine, nutrition and food security. The main challenges before Nepal are to fulfill WTO commitments that need strengthening of existing institutions and legal mechanism or establishment of new institutional/legal mechanism; removal of supply side constraints to transform available market access into trade opportunities; restructuring of industrial sector to make it more competent and contemporary; and averting marginalization of the country as well as weaker sections of the society. In total, the benefits of membership depends on Nepal's ability to identify and take advantage of trading opportunities; fulfill multilateral trade obligations; formulate and pursue development strategies within the framework of those obligations; and above all, defend her economic, finance and trade needs.The membership has opened tremendous economic opportunities and established global recognition of Nepal as an independent economic entity competent to trade under the global framework of rules. However, it also poses many challenges for Nepal. To realize intended benefit from WTO membership Nepal needs strategic alliance among the domestic stakeholders

as well as with external trading partners to enhance competitive capability of business community and service delivery capability of public agencies related to investment, production and trade.

2.10 Trade Policy ObjectivesTo enhance the contributions of trade sector to national economy by promoting internal and international trade with the increased participation of private sector through the creation of an open and liberal atmosphere. To diversify trade by identifying, developing and producing new exportable products through the promotion of backward linkages for making export trade competitive and sustainable. To expand trade on a sustained basis through gradual reduction in trade imbalances. To co-ordinate trade with other sectors by expanding employment-oriented trade.

Basic PolicyThe role of public sector will be minimized and used as a catalyst to expand the role of private sector in trade. A liberal and dynamic trade policy will be pursued with the objective to improve balance of payments position by promoting exports to increase foreign exchange earnings as well as by fulfilling internal demand of economic and quality products. Production of quality goods and services will be increased for internal consumption as well as for exports through effective and appropriate utilization of economic resources. Special efforts will be made to promote and diversify trade both in the range of commodities and country destinations. Liberal procedures will be adopted for encouraging interactions between trade and industry for sustained export promotion and for fulfillment of internal demand through increased domestic production. Emphasis will be given on modernizing management and technology, on promoting market and on attracting direct foreign investment in order to identify and develop new products as well as raise the production and quality of the traditional products. The public sector trading corporations will gradually be privatized taking into considerations the development and efficiency of the private sector. In support to above policy measures, necessary steps-as pre-conditions-relating to foreign exchange, monetary and fiscal policies will be taken up towards (full) convertibility of the Nepalese currency in trade and service sectors. For this purpose, major changes will be made in the administrative procedures to make them simple, transparent and dynamic. Taxation system will be simplified by introducing necessary changes in order to foster competition in trade. Emphasis will be laid on institutional development and information network as well as on monitoring system and quality improvement for the promotion of foreign trade. The existing trade treaties and agreements with various countries and international agencies will be effectively implemented, and new ones will be concluded, as and when necessary, for the promotion of international trade.

Export PolicyThe production and quality of exportable products will be raised to make them competitive in the international market.

Necessary efforts will be made to increase and diversify exports of goods and services with the objective of increasing foreign exchange earnings. Exports will be promoted by raising the production and quality of traditional as well as new products. Similarly, more emphasis will be placed on the export of profitable but processed and finished products. For the export promotion of these products, new market will be identified. Foreign exchange earnings will be increased and opportunities for gainful employment will be created by identifying and increasing the production of new products. Service-oriented activities will be promoted to increase foreign exchange earnings. Encouragement will be given to the export of hydro-electricity on a profitable basis. For the effective utilization of manpower, stress will be given to the development of appropriate and potential skills to promote service sector as well as export of skilled manpower in an organized way. Appropriate monetary, foreign exchange and fiscal policies will be formulated and necessary changes will be made in the administrative procedures to make them liberal, simple and dynamic in order to implement above policies on an efficient, smooth and transparent basis.

Export StrategyLicenses will not be required for the export of products other than banned or quantitatively restricted items. In the case of quantitatively restricted products arrangement for issuance of export license will be made in consultation with the private sector. Quantitative restrictions in the export of such products will gradually be removed through appropriate taxation measures. For export promotion, improvements will be made in the existing transit transport network and its infrastructure. Administrative procedures will also be made transparent, smooth and efficient. For the promotion of exports, container service will be introduced and the existing bonded warehousing system will be further expanded and improved. The duty drawback scheme for the refund of import duty paid on the importation of raw materials and intermediate goods required for the production of exportable products will be effectively implemented. In this context, duty on import of raw materials will be fully exempted taking into consideration the needs, or the bonded warehousing system will be introduced for the storage of such materials. Exports will be free from all charges except the service charge. For the promotion of exports, Export Promotion Zone (EPZ) will be established. No duty will be levied on the raw materials and auxiliary imports used by industries established in such EPZ. Industries exporting more than 90 percent of their production will be granted similar facilities as given to the industries established in EPZ. As a preparatory step towards full convertibility of the Nepalese currency in trade and services, exporters will have to sell in the stipulated percentage the amount of foreign exchange earned through exports of goods and services to commercial banks at a rate fixed by the market mechanism and the remaining balance to Nepal Rastra Bank at an exchange rate fixed by the Government. No license will be required and no quantitative restriction will be imposed on the imports of raw materials (except stipulated) required for the export-oriented and import-substituting industries. But for the import of such materials, foreign exchange will be made available by the commercial banks at the rate fixed by market mechanism. Exporters will be allowed to open a foreign exchange account in the banks for the purpose of spending certain percentage of one's foreign exchange earnings in trade promotion activities. Export Valuation System will gradually be abolished after the full convertibility of the Nepalese

currency. Quality will be tested from time to time in order to improve the standard of exportable products and necessary information will be made available for this purpose. Simple and convenient procedures relating to pre-and post-shipment credits will be adopted on a priority basis. Income tax on income from exports will be fully exempted, and income earned from exports to India on the basis of letter of credit or agreed banking document will also be free from income tax. Emphasis will be given in the development of packaging technology to maintain the quality standard of export products. Nepalese missions abroad will be geared up towards export promotion activities, and trade missions will be opened and institutionalized on the basis of feasibility. No quantitative restrictions will be imposed on the exportable products carried by tourists while returning from Nepal. Export procedures and documentation, thus formulated, will be short and simple. An annual indicative export plan and programmed on the basis of feasibility will be formulated with the co-operation of private sector to promote exports. Necessary information and training relating to technology, marketing and export procedures required for export promotion will be provided on an institutionalized basis and arrangements will also be made for the participation in national and international trade fairs for market promotion. Regular monitoring will be made to avoid distortions in exports and imports. Strong actions will be taken in case of misuse of facilities. Export promotion, research and development and training schemes will be developed on institutional basis for developing new exportable products and for raising the quality and production of the traditional exportable products.

Deemed ExportIf any producer earns foreign exchange by selling one’s own products to projects run under bilateral or multilateral aid or if such finished or semi-finished products are sold to EPZ, such sales will be granted facilities at par with exports. Customs duty, sales tax and excise duty levied on such sales will be refunded and the income generated from such sales will be exempted from income tax. In addition, foreign exchange earned from such sales can be sold at the rate fixed by the market mechanism after submitting the stipulated percentage amount to Nepal Rastra Bank at the rate fixed by the Government.

Import PolicyImports will be planned as a medium of export development and promotion to create competitive industrial and trade environment, and also to ease the supply of materials required for the country through the optimum utilization of available resources. In this context, quantitative restrictions will be replaced gradually by such a fiscal measure as to encourage competition in production. Similarly, imports will gradually be tied up with exports.

Import StrategyImports will gradually be tied up with exports with a view to creating a well organized and

sustained foreign trade sector by narrowing the gap between exports and imports. The existing import licensing and control system will be simplified. Quantitative restrictions on imports will gradually be replaced through the tariff media. An annual indicative plan will be formulated to manage imports through auction to allocate required foreign exchange for it and to monitor its utilization. Import procedures and documentation will be made short and simple. Special efforts will be made to reduce transit costs and also to minimize pilferage and demurrage. Import of all goods except some limited items will be allowed through purchase of foreign exchange at the rate fixed by the market mechanism in order to make Nepalese currency fully convertible and to gradually tie up exports and imports. Necessary vigilance will be made to prevent deflections in foreign trade.

Import Licensing ArrangementAs distortions can be minimized by regulating imports through various policy measures than be made under full control of the government, some items are restricted while some others placed under the auction system requiring licenses, and the imports of the remaining items are made free, in the process of making import trade free. Under the system, imports of raw materials, consumer goods, industrial machinery, services etc. have been made free. Import formalities will be as follows: Import license will be required for the import of quantitatively restricted products, products in excess of the number or quantity fixed under the personal effects and the products under the auction system for the commercial purposes. Imports of all products other than those mentioned in above are made free. Foreign Exchange ArrangementThe foreign exchange required for import purposes will be made available as follows: Nepal Rastra Bank will make foreign exchange available at the rate fixed by the Government for import of goods as per notification issued by Nepal Government in the Nepal Gazette, and to meet the Government expenses. Import of such products will be allowed as spelt out under in the process of increasing the convertibility percentage of the foreign exchange.Foreign exchange required for the import of goods under auction will be made available by Nepal Rastra Bank. In the process of increasing convertibility percentage of foreign exchange, goods which are under the auction will be gradually allowed to be imported the number of such goods will be gradually reduced and brought under the purview of market mechanism. Commercial banks will make foreign exchange available at the rate fixed by the market mechanism for the payment of all imported goods including industrial raw materials, spare parts and services and for payments of foreign loans and interests of the non-governmental sector. Nepal Rastra Bank will not make a separate foreign exchange provision for this purpose. Internal Trade PolicyA conducive environment will be created for the timely supply and distribution of internally produced and imported products as well. In this context, no restrictions will be imposed on the movement of such products for internal trade. This system will be applicable to the movement of exportable products also.

MiscellaneousProcedures relating to imports will be made short and simple through improvements in the transportation, customs and godown procedures. Improvements will be made to make the import valuation system relevant. For this purpose, necessary framework will be prepared. In line with these policies, necessary improvements or amendments will be made on all relevant laws, regulations and notifications relating to exports and imports. Regular monitoring will be done for the smooth and uninterrupted conduct of export and import trade.

2.11 Institutional ArrangementsBoard of Trade: A Board of Trade will be constituted under the chairmanship of the Minister for Commerce with members from related Government organizations and representatives from the private sector to streamline foreign trade, to sort out problems that may arise in the course of implementation of declared policies, to ensure co-ordination among related agencies, and to bring necessary reforms. The Board may further constitute different sub-committees as per requirement of the assigned functions, and the Ministry of Commerce will function as the secretariat of the Board. The constitution of the Board will be as follows: 1 Honorable Minister for Commerce/State Minister for Commerce Chairman2 Honorable Assistant Ministers for Commerce Member3 Honorable Members (Trade), National Planning Commission Member 4 Governor, Nepal Rastra Bank Members5 Secretaries, Ministry of Finance Member6 Secretaries, Ministry of Commerce Member7 Secretaries, Ministry of Supply Member8 Secretaries, Ministry of Industry Member9 Secretaries, Ministry of Agriculture Member10 Presidents, Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry Member11 Presidents, Nepal Chamber of CommerceMember12 Presidents, Nepal Foreign Trade Association Member13 Chairmen, Trans-Himalayan Trade Association Member14 Specialist Nominated by Nepal Government Member15 Two Chairmen/Presidents of Commodity Associations nominated by Nepal Government Member16 Presidents, Nepal Bankers' Association Member17 Additional Secretaries, Ministry of Commerce Member-SecretaryOther persons may also be invited to attend the meeting of the Board. Details regarding the Board of Trade will be mentioned separately.

2.12 Foreign Trade Policy and Research Institute A separate institute will be created as a technical wing of the Ministry of Commerce to identify and develop products, to provide training and to undertake research and studies with the objective of expanding and strengthening the country's foreign trade as well as providing necessary services to the secretariat for making the works of the Board of Trade effective. In the

process of constituting this organization, experts related with the captioned subject to the tune of resources available in the Ministry and its agencies will be mobilized. Details regarding composition and functions of this Institute will be stipulated separately.

2.13 Nepal Trade Promotion Organization An organization, namely, Nepal Trade Promotion Organization, will be instituted by reconstituting the Trade Promotion Centre, in joint collaboration between government and private sectors, to provide necessary services, information, and to conduct other promotional activities for export promotion and import management. This organization will function on commercial line. The composition and functions of this organization will be stipulated separately.

CHAPTER – THREE

INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

3.1 Introduction to CHAUDHARY GROUP

CG is the one of the biggest corporate house of Nepal and is rated highly with more than 65 brands in the Nepalese market. The basic fundamental of this company are very strong. The company has long term vision. CG has been working in very competitive environment over the years. Over the last sixty five years of operations, growing in size and strength, the CG today is a conglomerate of over 50 businesses. The CG touches every aspects of public life with presence in industries like food and beverages, apparel, health care, education, tobacco, real sate (housing Development), financial services, steel, automobiles, hydro and electric power, and hospitality- tourism.CG has contributed to the up liftmen of the nation’s economy, fulfilling its mission by participating in all economic fronts of Nepalese economy. Today, CG has structured its CSR initiatives and established standards operating procedure for CSR.

3.2 Vision and Mission

VisionTo establish a corporate, conglomerate with core competence in goods and beverages, financial

services infrastructure, real estate and hospitality industries and to achieve the coveted position amongst the leading companies Global Growth Company in South East Asia.

MissionUnderstand consumer insights and meet their needs with safe, effective and world-class products.Integrate our dealers, distributors, retailers, suppliers and JV partners into the Chaudhary family.Recruit, develop, motivate and retain the best talents with in the country, recruit if needed from abroad & provide them a challenging and demanding environment.Foster a strong emotive feeling of oneness and ownership with the company.Emerge as Model Corporate Institution and contribute effectively towards the uplifting of Nepalese society and the country at large.

3.3 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

CONSUMERS AREASFood and BeveragesCitizen ChaudharyConsumer DurableAutomobilesSpecialtiesInfrastructureFinancial Services

3.4 COMPANY’S CORPORATE AND OPERATIONAL DIVISION

Corporate DivisionStrategic Planning DepartmentCorporate Finance , Operational review, treasury, Aduit & Mis DepartmentMis DepartmentHuman Resource Development , Corporate Communication and Information CenterAdministration Department(Admin, GR, PR, IR, Security)Project DepartmentFinancial servicesInfrastructure DepartmentInternational DivisionInvestment departmentHospitality Department

Operation Division

Production/Maintenance DepartmentTechnical Department( R&D, Engineering, Project, TQM)Accounts and Finance DepartmentCommercial(Purchase ) Department Sales DepartmentMarketing Research and Communication Department

3.5 AchievementChaudhary Group has achieved various distinction of being the first in Nepal:-Food Production Company to be awarded ISO 9002.First company to be awarded the international Asia Awards.Organized Construction Company.Real estate Company to introduce modern concept of housing in Nepal.

3.6 Global Partners & AssociatesChaudhary group has over the last 68 years forged nurtured and maintained global alliances and this growth has taken place through a deep understanding of local markets, people and customs.

Gulf Oil international, USA.Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan.Maruti Udyog ltd, India.Ashok Leyland Ltd, India.Asal Buildwell Ltd, India.Escorts Heart Institute and Research Center, India. The India Hotels Company Ltd (Taj Group), India.Independent Power Corporation, Uk.Cinnovation Group, Singapore.Western union Financial services Inc, USA.KT&G, Korea.

3.7 Employment in an organizationChaudhary Group has given employment opportunity to more than 4000 people.These people are employed in Bhaisenpati (FUDCO), STARLEC (Electronics) and Nawalparasi (CUG). There is more than 500 employees’ chaudhary Group head office located in Sanepa, Lalitpur.

3.8 Working Environment Company gives many facilities to their employees. Some of which are as follows:There is the facility of the staff bus. All people employed in Chaudhary Group’s corporate house can use the bus.According to the job Variation Company gives the mobile phone as the medium of

communication and ears the call expense.Office vehicles as car are provided to all the Department head.Company gives certain percent discount in the purchase of the electronics item to its employees.Staff get 10% discount in medical treatment in Nervic hospital.There is the facility of the medical insurance for staff.Staff can get some amount in advances also if required.

CHAPTER - FOURANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES DONE AND PROBLEM SOLVED4.1 Concept of Solar EnergyIn today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere. The sun creates its energy through a thermo nuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 HYPERLINK "http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/feneric/solar.html" \l "Asimov1" tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermo nuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Source: HYPERLINK "http://www.ecowho.com" www.ecowho.comFigure 4.1: Process of converting Sunlight energy into solar energy A PV panel converts the Sunlight energy into electricity. The electricity generated in the daytime is stored in a deep cycle lead-acid battery or inverter and consumed for home lighting and powering in the night. The charge controller controls the charging and discharging process of the battery. The other accessories used are switches, sockets, junction boxes and cables etc.Basically in the remote areas, the Solar Home System consists of a PV panel, Charge Controller, Deep-cycle Battery, DC lights, wires, switches etc. But in the urban areas, inverter is also used as Alternating Current device for storing the current.Thus, Solar Photo Voltaic Technology has been proven to be one of the best options for electrifying rural and the remote residing homes where there is no other options for lights, which can instantly and used locally. A Solar PV system used for lighting homes and for using of low power consuming electronic goods like radio and TV is named as Solar Home System (SHS). In remote areas, only low power consuming electronic goods can be used by Solar PV System but in urban areas, basically in Nepal Solar PV system is used to run all kinds of electronic devices

in order to overcome the load shedding problem since Nepal Electricity Authority is unable to supply full electricity to the consumers. This has resulted into the demand of alternative energy sources like Solar PV Systems, generators and inverters. In order to fulfill the rising demand of alternative energy devices, CG has introduced solar and their inverter are already in the market.Although the installation of Solar PV Systems requires high upfront cost but after the installation the energy consumed is almost free and hence saves lot of money used to consume electric power. However, the advantages and disadvantages of using solar system are shown below:

4.1.1 Advantages of using solar energy:Environment Friendly.Free energy consumptionSaves a lot of money used for heating, lighting and powering activities.Dependency upon foreign oil decreases.Long Life.4.1.2 Disadvantages of solar energy:High upfront or installation cost.

4.2 SOLAR SYSTEM The process or techniques that used to provide electricity through the solar energy is generally known as solar system. Solar system is collection of different components to converting the solar power into electricity. This component includes:

PV moduleBatteryCharge controllerLoad

4.2.1 PV modulePhotovoltaic solar panels, also known as solar PV modules or solar electric panels, generate power when exposed to high levels of sunlight.

High quality solar modules have power performance warranties of 20 years on the larger panels, with an expected life of 60 years or more. An early commercial PV system, now 46 years old, is still producing power within warranty guidelines. Solar PV panels are currently available in three main silicon-based technologies. Monocrystalline cells are the most efficient and also the most expensive. Polycrystalline cells are almost as efficient as mono and they are less expensive to manufacture. Amorphous PV modules are the most cost effective and they perform better than the other types in cloudy conditions, however for the same power output they require more installation space.

PV module is an energy collector; it collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone).

Source: google.com/imghpFigure 4.2. Solar Panels in Nepal.

4.2.2 Battery Battery is a storage unit, it simply store the energy which is come from the PV module. Storage unit is necessary because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud cover, for example: the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops.The most common type of battery in renewable energy installations is the lead acid battery. Battery is distinct at their plate technology. The more robust, the heavier the plates, the longer a battery will live. The strongest batteries use tubular plates, while cheaper ones have thin, flat plates.Source: HYPERLINK "http://www.google.com/imghp" www.google.com/imghp Figure 4.3: Types of Solar Batteries.

4.2.3 Charge ControllerA charge controller, it regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged. Thus charge controller plays a bridge role of PV module, battery and load.The capacity of charge controller is depends upon the capacity of PV module and battery. Source: †††††††††ഠ潓牵散›–奈 HYPERLINK "http://www.google.com/imghp" www.google.com/imghpFigure 4.4: Solar Charge Controller.

4.2.4 LoadLoad means the electrical devices that operate through solar power. According to solar size, it can operate a simple lamp to heavy devices like T.V, AC, computer etc. Basically in Nepal solar system is used for operating the light .There are different types of solar lamp in the market which is used indoor as well as outdoor.4.3 Solar Lamps (In – door and out – door) NepalIndoor solar lamps are some of the newer technologies which are being explored. They comprise of a solar charged lamp that gets its energy from sunlight. These lamps must be attached to where they are needed most and the configuration must be installed properly. Once installed, the need to worry about lighting is no longer necessary as the lights will come on automatically when the sun goes down. Of course there is also the optional switch which can make the light come on whenever it is needed. Solar Lamps – Outdoor it has always been popular to adorn your back yard and garden area with lighting so that, even at night, you can enjoy them. Unfortunately, in recent years more and more people have become concerned with the

environmental effects of torches hardwired lamps, as well as the increased costs of fuel and pull on your houses electricity. Thankfully, outdoor solar lighting has been able to alleviate all apprehensions about cost as well as offer an economically sound, low-maintenance alternative.

HYPERLINK "http://www.swogun.org.np/user_uploads/products/img167422729492_main.jpg" \o "\"Solar Tube light\" Figure 4.5: Solar Tube Light. Source: ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††潓牵散›–奈䕐䱒 HYPERLINK "http://www.swogunenergy.com.np" www.swogunenergy.com.np HYPERLINK "http://www.swogun.org.np/user_uploads/products/img827943155166_main.jpg" \o "\"Water Proof Multi Light\" Source: ††††††††潓牵散›–奈 HYPERLINK "http://www.swogunenergy.com.np" www.swogunenergy.com.np Figure 4.6: Solar CFL Lamps.

Types of solar system: The different types of solar system which are been used in Nepal are describe below.4.4.1 Solar Home Systems (SHS)Solar Home System is the household electricity supply system with Solar Photo Voltaic Panel of capacity 10 W.P or more and bundled with battery, battery charge controller, and appropriate number of lights.

Source : HYPERLINK "http://www.google.com/imghp" www.google.com/imghpFigure 4.7: Solar Home System (SHS)

4.4.2 Small Solar Home Systems (SSHS)Small Solar Home System is the household electricity supply system with Solar Photo Voltaic panel of capacity of 5Wp to 10 W.P and bundled with battery, battery charge controlling mechanism and appropriate number of lights. Source : HYPERLINK "http://www.google.com/imghp" www.google.com/imghp Figure 4.8: Small Solar home system (SSHS)

4.4.3 Institutional Solar PV Systems (ISPS)Institutional Solar System is stand alone system of solar photovoltaic to be used institutionally for the purpose of lighting, education, communication, health and for study etc.Source:www.google.com/imghpFigure 4.9: Institutional Solar PV systems

4.5 Why solar? (Importance of Solar Energy in Nepal)Solar Energy is very important in Nepal because about 80% of total land of the country doesn't have grid line electricity facility. So Solar Energy has been an only one alternative way to full fill electricity need in Nepal.The good news for Nepal is since 2001, the Alternative Energy Promotion Center giving out of subsidy in Solar Home Systems by 45000 end users at first phase. DANIDA, European Union and UN officials are major donors to take a head subsidy program and some of NGO is also playing an important role to subsidies for solar home system through international volunteers and individual donors.4.6 Environmental Benefits of Solar Energy The environmental benefits of PV solar energy are overwhelming. PV solar generates zero global warming gases – and this is what it’s really all about if we’re going to keep the planet alive for future generations. Sure there’s some energy used to produce the cells, but it’s a fraction of the energy generated during the 21-25 year life span of today’s solar panels.   And today’s latest generation solar cells are producing breath thorough in efficiency with a recent announcement. Electricity produced through PV solar electric panels is also inherently efficient since it’s produced at the point of consumption and thus doesn’t suffer from the wastage associated with sending power through our tired power grid.

4.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PURPUSEThe main purpose of this project is to find out the emerging markets for solar system in Nepal .This project give great exposure to the investors perception as it provide information required for knowing the market practically.

4.8 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

Objectives of this project includes

To find new markets for solar system.

To provide all the necessary information to new solar importer company.

Analysis the potentiality of solar product in rural as well as urban areas.

4.9 DATA SOURCEPrimary data is basically used in this research

Primary Data Primary data are freshly gathered for different solar installation companies.

4.10 RESEARCH APPROACHESThis was used to learn about people’s knowledge, beliefs, preferences and satisfaction regarding the solar systems. For primary data following approaches were used:-

Observation/questionnaire research

Surveys research

4.11 REASEARCH INSTRUMENT

QUESTIONNAIRESIt consists of a set of question presented to respondents. For research work of Solar energy, we included:-

Closed –End Question Multiple choices.

Open-End Question Completely Unstructured.4.12 Sample populationPractical approach was used to decide the sample size. The size used for research purpose was approximately 40. This sample size was divided as solar installation companies and the individuals. As 10 for the solar installation companies and 30 for the individuals.

4.13 Data collection toolsData collection was done by circulation of questionnaire to the companies and individuals at different area in Katmandu, where the response was collected by questionnaire and small interview.

4.14 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATIONNo. of survey done in solar importers and installation companies = 10 No. of survey done in different professions individual = 20 Total number of survey done = 30

To obtain following data I visited 10 companies. In some companies I get data very easily and in some company I had to convince them. In the process of extracting data I came to know about different market structure and their working style. It was good experience to direct deal with different companies and their employers. The company I visited is as follows:

S.NO

COMPANY NAME

SOLAR MODULE PRICING (NRS)

BATTERY PRICING (NRS)

20 Watt peak40 Watt peak80 Watt peak175 Watt peak

Any other Watt peak

35 Ampere55 Ampere80 Ampere100 Ampere150Ampere200Ampere

1.ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

5,200

10,400

20,800

45,500

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.SUNSINE ENERGY PVT. LTD

7,500

14,000

27,000

55,000

5500

7500

11,000

-

20,000

-

3.PERENIELL ENERGY PVT. LDT.

8,100

15,000

28,500

(75 wp)

-

22,500(wp)

2350(21A)

3,550(45A)

5,300(75A)

7,480

-

-

4.SOLAR SOLUTION PVT. LTD

6,500

12,000

-

22,500

-

9,000

12,000

18,000

-

25,000

32,000

5.SUN POWER COMPANY PVT. LDT

-

-

-

-

-

5,000

7,000

9,500

-

-

-

6.ENERGY & CONSTRUCTION CO. PVT. LTD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.SUNLIGHT SOLAR COMPANY PVT. LDT

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.SOLAR ELECTRICITY COMPANY PVT.LDT

4,662

9,435

-

36,630

-

4,600

7,000

-

-

18,000

-

9.

LOTUS PVT. LDT

14,300(25 WP)20590

39,707

45,000

-

6,440

9,580

-

26900

-

33,300

10.SCIENTIFICTECH. PVT.LTD

$5 PER WATT PEAK

5,500

7,000

-

10000

-

-

Table No. 4.1SOLAR MODULE AND BATTERY PRICESource: Field Survey2010Charge Controller and Package PriceTable No.4.2S

S. No.

COMPANY NAME

CHARGE CONTROLLER PRICING(NRS) PACKAGE(Solar module,battery,charge controller,cable&lamp (NRS)

5A/12V10A/12V5A/24V10A/12V20A/12V20A/24V10 Watt20 Watt40 Watt75 Watt 80 Watt175 Watt

1.ENERGY INTERNATIONAL

-

-

5500

1600

2400

1300

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.SUNSINE ENERGY PVT. LTD

1200

1800

4500

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.PERENIAL ENERGY PVT. LDT.

800(6A)

-

-

1400

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.SOLAR SOLUTION PVT. LTD

1000

1800

1500

-

2000

3000

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.SUN POWER COMPANY PVT. LDT

1600

1900

-

-

-

9500

-

25000

35000

-

65000

105000

6.ENERGY & CONSTRUCTION CO. PVT. LTD

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

18000

35000

55000 57000

85000

7.SUNLIGHT SOLAR COMPANY PVT. LDT

-

-

-

-

-

-

15000

20000

31000

49000

54000

96000(130Watt)

8.SOLAR ELECTRICITY COMPANY PVT.LDT

725

-

-

-

3500

8999

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.LOTUS PVT. LDT

-

-

-

-

-

14698

-

14,300

20590

-

39707

45,000

10.SCIENTIFIC TECH. PVT.LTD

-

-

-

1400

12000

20000

28000

45000

-

-

Source: Field Survey 2010

4.15 About the ProjectThe project is a well planned project which gives exposure of the maximum things attached with the industry starting form market Research to Marketing the product to finally making a sale. Project involved me in every aspect and provided me the opportunity to try and experiment each and every management topic in real time. Which include every type communication with client right from the time of searching them, to meeting them, to giving them product presentation, to follow up at last and trying for next meetings.

4.16 ROLES/JOBS PERERFORMED IN THE INTERNSHIPMy knowledge on CG product line of Electronics Department was limited so I was given brief orientation on CG product. Under the Electronics Department CG is trying to put their hand in fast growing market of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY with product like UPS, LAPTOP, LCD MONITORS and many more. I was given general information about the product and market. Then after, my manager sent me for market visit to know about product available of Laptops and their position from point of view of various key outlets and consumer. Role played by me as market research was to extract information of market, finding the available computer/laptop in market and their prices, about the major player and their position in Nepal market.Marketing Research is the systematic and objective, identification, collection, analysis, dissemination, and use of information for the purpose of improved decision making in relation to the identification and solution of problem and opportunities. So I have to gather information from different sources and to compile the finding effectively which will help to give insight into the dynamics of the marketplace to act in anticipation of what might happen and for focused business.

4.17 DATA ANALYIS AND FINDINGIn the following process I gather all the information regarding the laptop available in Nepal market with their prices and their comparison.

4.18 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONNo. Of survey done in outlet = 15No. Of survey done in wholesale and retail market = 25Total number of survey done = 35

4.19 COMPARISION IS DONE ON BASIS OF PROCESSORCore 2 Duo processorCore i3 processor

4.19.1 List of laptop with core 2 Duo processor available in marketTabulation representation based on data available Table no: 4.3Comparison on different series of DELL and ACER

DELL Inspiron 1440Notebook (N-series)DELL Inspiron 1545 Notebook (N-series)ACER Aspire 4736ZDELL Inspiron1750DELLXPS (1640)

PROCESSORCore2Duo processor T6600(2.20Ghz/800FSB/2 MB Cache)Core 2 Duo processor T6600(2.20Ghz/800FSB/2 MB Cache)Core 2 Duo processor 2.26Ghz

Intel core 2 Duo P8600(2.4 GHz)Core 2 Duo 2.13GHz

SCREEN SIZE

14.0”

15.6”

14.1”

17”

15.6”

GRAPICSIntegrated Intel GMA X4500HDIntegrated Intel GMA X4500HDIntel Extreme GraphicsMobile Intel 4 series express chipset family3670 Dedicated Graphics

OPERATING SYSTEM

Free Dos

Free DosWindow Xp/VistaWindow XP/Vista

Window 7

MEMORY

2 GB DDR2 SDRAM

2 GB DDR2 SDRAM

1 GB DDR3

4 GB RAM

3GB DDR3

BATTERY

6 cell

6 cell

6 cell

6 cell

6 cell

PRICE

53,900

50,900

50,900

67,000

91,900

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.4Comparison on different series of DELL and HP

DELL Vostro 1014

DELL Studio 1555HP Business Notebook 6530sHP Pavilion dm3-1132tx

PROCESSORIntel core 2 Duo 2.1GhzIntel core 2 Duo 2.2GhzIntel core 2 Duo2.0 GHzIntel core 2 Duo2.0 GHz p9300

SCREEN SIZE

14”wide screen

15.6”

14.1”

13.3”

GRAPICSIntel Mobile 4 series express chipset familyIntel Mobile 4 series express chipset family

Intel Hd Graphics512 MB Nvidia CUDA Dedicated Graphics

OPERATING SYSTEM

Window XpGenuine Window Vista 7 Home PremiumGenuine Window/VistaGenuine Window 7

MEMORY

2 GB DDR2

4 GB DDR2

2 GB DDR2

4 GB DDR3

BATTERY

6 cell

6 CELL

6 CELL

6 CELL

PRICE

60,000

62,900

69,900

98,000

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.5Comparison on different series of HP and SONY

HP Pavilion DV2-1106AU

HP Pavilion DV4

HP Pro Book 4410s(WL667PA) Notebook

SONY VIO 53 SG

PROCESSORAMD Athlon Neo X2 Dual Core 1.6GhzIntel core 2 Duo2.53 Ghz p8700Intel core 2 Duo HYPERLINK "mailto:T6670@2.2Ghz"T6670@2.2GhzCore 2 duo HYPERLINK "mailto:processor@2.26Ghz"processor@2.26GhzSCREEN SIZE

12.1” wide screen

14”

14”HD

13”

GRAPICSAti Radeon x1270 Graphics memory512 MB Nvidia Dedicated Graphics-Intel Graphics

OPERATING SYSTEMGenuine Window Vista Home BasicGenuine Window VistaFree DosWindow7/Vista

MEMORY

2 GB DDR2

2 GB DDR2

2 GB DDR2

2GB DDR2

BATTERY

6 CELL

6 cell

6 CELL

6 CELL

PRICE

53,900

80,000

64,000

1,10,000

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.6Comparison on different series of MAC BOOK and COMPAQ

MAC BookMAC Book proCOMPAQCQ-510COMPAQ CQ-40COMPAQ CQ -35

PROCESSOR

Core 2 Duo @2.26GhzCore 2 Duo @2.26GhzCore 2 Duo @2.26GhzCore 2 Duo @2.26GhzIntel T6500, Core 2 Duo @2.1Ghz

SCREEN SIZE

13.3”

13.3”

14.1” LCD screen

14.1” LCD screen

13.3”

GRAPHICSGeForce Nvidia Graphics cradGeForce Nvidia Graphics crad

-512 MB Nvidia Graphoc graphics card

512 MB GeForce Nvidia Graphics crad

MEMORY

2 GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

2GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

OPERATING SYSTEM--Window 7

Genuine Window 7

Window/Vista

BATTERY

6 CELL

6 CELL

6 CELL

6 cell

6 cell

PRICE

92,000

1,25,000

47,000

48,000

51,000

REMARK

7 hr battery backup,500gb2.4 kg

DVD RW with LightScribe

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.7Comparison on different series of COMPAQ and SONY

COMPAQ 510SONY VAIO VGN-N15 GSONY VAIO 53 SG

PROCESSORCore 2 Duo @2.0GhzCore 2 Duo @2.0GhzCore 2 HYPERLINK "mailto:Duo@2.2"Duo@2.2 GHz

SCREEN SIZE14.1”15.4” Wide screen13”

GRAPHICSIntel Extreme Graphics

S-VideoIntel Graphics

MEMORY2 GB DDR32 GB DDR32 GB DDR3

OPERATING SYSTEMWindow Xp/7Genuine Windows Vista Home PremiumWINDOW 7

BATTERY6 cell6 cell6 CELL

PRICE44,50084,9001,10,000

REMARK

Bluetooth surrounding soundWeight 1.9kg

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

4.19.2 List of laptop with core i3 processor available in market

Tabulation representation based on data available Table no: 4.8Comparison on different series of Toshiba Satellite

Toshiba Satellite Pro l510-s4317BToshiba Satellite Prol645-1006UToshiba Satellite Prol510-1034X

PROCESSORIntel Core i3 300M(2.13Ghz)Intel Core i3 350M(2.26Ghz)Intel Core i3 330M(2.13Ghz)

SCREEN SIZE

14.0”

14.0”

14.0”

GRAPHICSATI 512MB dedicated GraphicsIntek HD GraphicsATI 512MB dedicated Graphics

OPERATING SYSTEMGenuine Windows7Window Xp/Window 7Window Xp/Window 7

MEMORY2GB DDR32GB DDR32GB DDR3

BATTERY

6 cell

6 cell

6 cell

PRICE

72.900

59,000

62,900

REMARK-Not yet lunched-

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.9Comparison on different series of Compaq and Toshiba Satellite

Toshiba Satellite M500-S403COMPAQ Presario CQ42(168TU)COMPAQ CQ-41-208TUCOMPAQ CQ42-118TX

PROCESSORIntel corei3-330MIntel Core i3 350M(2.26Ghz)Intel Core i3 330M(2.13Ghz)Intel Core i3 330M(2.13Ghz)

SCREEN SIZE14.0” WXGA clear view14.1” HD LED Display14.1” HD LED Display14.0” HD LED

GRAPHICSIntel HD GraphicsIntel HD GraphicsIntel HD Graphics512MB ATI Radeon HD

OPERATING SYSTEMNo OSWindows 7FREE DOSWindows7

MEMORY

2 GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

2 GB DDR3

BATTERY

6 cell

6 CELL

6 CELL

6 CELL

PRICE

71,900

51,900

60,000

56,900

REMARK

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.10

ASUS N-61

ASUS K-52

ACER Aspire4741

ACER Aspire4740

PROCESSORIntel core i3 HYPERLINK "mailto:processor@2.26GHz" processor@2.26GHzIntel core i3 HYPERLINK "mailto:processor@2.26GHz"processor@2.26GHzIntel core i3 HYPERLINK "mailto:processor@2.26GHz"processor@2.26GHzIntel core i3 processor@2.13GHz

GRAPHICS1 GB Nvidia Graphics card1 GB Nvidia Graphics cardIntel HD Graphics

-

OPERATING SYSTEM

Window 7

Window 7

Window 7/Vista

Linux

MEMORY

4 GB DDR2

2 GB DDR2

2 GB DDR3

1 GB DDR2

PRICE

64,500

62,000

51,900

45,000

REMARK

Gaming laptop

Multimedia laptop

-

-

Comparison on different series of Asus and AcerSource: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.11Comparison on different series of HP and DELL

HP Pavilion dv4HP Pavilion dv4HP G 62DELL Inspiron N5010

PROCESSORIntel core i3 320 (2.13 GHz)Intel core i3 320 (2.13 GHz)Intel core i3 320 (2.13 GHz)Intel core i3 350 (2.26GHz)

GRAPHICS512MB ATI Radeon Dedicated GraphicsIntel HD Graphics-1GB ATI Radeon 5470Dedicated Graphics

OPERATING SYSTEMWindows 7 Home PremiumGenuine windows7Home PremiumWindow 7/VistaGenuine windows7

MEMORY

3GB DDR3

3GB DDR3

4GB DDR3

4GB DDR3

PRICE

76,000

68,900

66,000

65,900

REMARK

-

-

-

-

Source: Field Survey 2010Note: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

Table no: 4.12

PROCESSORDELL InspironN4010DELL Inspiron1564DELL Inspiron1464

GRAPHICSIntel core i3 330 (2.13GHz)Intel core i3 330 (2.13GHz)Intel core i3 350 (2.27GHz)

OPERATING SYSTEMIntel HD GraphicsIntel Graphics Media Accelerator 4500HD

ATI Radeon HD 4330(512MB)

MEMORY

Genuine windows7

Genuine windows7

Windows7 Original

PRICE

2GB DDR3

4GB DDR3

2GB DDR3

REMARK

53,900

61,499

67,000

Comparison on different series of DELLSource: Field SurveyNote: All above prices is in NR (Nepalese Rupees)

InterpretationAll above details about the laptop available helped us to know the condition of market and role of major brand. Brand like DELL, HP, TOSHIBA, ACER, SONY VIO, MAKBOOK and COMPAQ have made their position in Nepal market.After getting detail information on the laptop available in market, I found that brand like Lenovo and Asus do not have any authorized dealer in Nepal and their product is not much available. So CG follows Lenovo and Asus and got the deal for authorized dealer. Lenovo and Asus have number of product among them CG is trying to get in the market with the laptop that can fulfill all requirements in reasonable price.My next task was given to do make detail report on the product of Lenovo, comparison of their

feature and my recommendations. 4.20 Detail analysis of Lenovo productsLenovo has the business computer answer at a reasonable price. Lenovo uses all the latest technology to build dependable, economical solutions to business computers. They supply the latest security features to protect your data from accidental exposure with unique sign-on requirements.

LENOVO laptops come under three categoriesESSENTIAL : All you need for everyday life.IDEAPAD : For business and pleasure.THINKPAD : The ultimate business tool.

4.20.1 ESSENTAIL•Basic, everyday computing

•Cool, compact, modern designs

•Fun family entertainment

•Worry-free tools

•Easy-to-use features

•Prices you’ll love

LENOVO G450: Compact and cost-effectiveSame modern style and great performance as G550 with a slightly smaller widescreen and keyboard. LENOVOG55: Efficient and Entertaining HD graphics and video enhanced audio and power-saving technology at a price you'll love.LENOVOG560: Same power, smaller fingerprintAll the enhanced G560 performance and style in a more compact package with a standard laptop keyboard.LENOVO G550: Affordable styleSleek finish and nicely equipped, including right-side numeric keypad— it's budget-friendly.

LENOVOG555:- More room to playNicely equipped mainstream laptop with roomy widescreen and numeric keypad foor gaming or data logging.

Table no: 4.13Lenovo G450Lenovo G455Lenovo G460Lenovo G550Lenovo G555Lenovo G560

PROCESSORUP to Intel® Core™2 Duo processor T6600 (2.20GHz 800MHz 2MB)Up to AMD Athlon II X2 dual-core M320 processor (2.10GHz 667MHz 1MB)Up to Intel® Core™ i5-520M Processor (2.40GHz 1066MHz 3MB)Up to Intel® Core™2 Duo processor T6600 (2.20GHz 800MHz 2MB)

Up to AMD Turion II dual-core M520 processor (2.40GHz 667MHz 1MB)

Up to Intel® Core™ i3-330Mprocessor (2.13GHz 106 䴶穈㌍䉍6MHz3MB)

OPERATING SYSTEMHYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 Home Premium 64. Other editions of Windows available

HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 Home Premium 32. Other editions of Windows available

HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 Home Premium 64. Other editions of Windows available

HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 Home Premium 64. Other editions of Windows available

HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 Home Premium 32. Other editions of Windows available

HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineWindows® 7 HomePremium 64. Other editions ofWindows available

TOTAL MEMORYUp to 4GB total memoryUp to 3GB total memoryUp to 4GB total memoryUp to 4GB total memoryUp to 3GB total memoryUp to 4GB total memory

HARD DRIVEUp to 320GB hard driveUp to 320GB hard driveUp to 500GB hard driveUp to 320GB hard driveUp to 320GB hard driveUp to 320GB hard drive

DISPLAY14" widescreen

14" widescreen

14" widescreen

15.6" widescreen

15.6" widescreen

15.6”widescreen

BATTERY LIFEUp to 5 hrs. battery life

Up to 4 hrs. battery life

Up to 5 hrs. battery life

Up to 5 hrs. battery life

Up to 4 hrs. battery life

Up to 5 hrs. battery life

COMPARISION OF LENOVO G SERIESSource: Field Survey 2010Sporty new design encases improved graphics, faster CPU, battery-extending technology and a numeric keypad.

Interpretation:All the above laptop design for the specific purpose, however I think G460 suits for all purpose and best deal to buy.

Lenovo Essential G560 Essential laptop line provides up to 5 hours of battery life and a Windows 7 Enhanced Experience that delivers an up to 50% faster boot and shutdown time. With prices starting at less than $700, these Lenovo laptops are an economical business computer choice. But they do not skimp on power. Choice of four 2010 Intel Core processors15.6 inch displayUp to 8GB memory500GB Hard Drive5-in-1 Card reader2.0 USB and eSATA connectorsWireless Ethernet IEEE802.11nBuilt-in Mic, Webcam and Speakers.Numeric Key Pad for simpler data entryVeriFace face recognition for more secure log-in.

Bluetooth Version 2.1 + EDRIntel Wireless Wi-Fi Link 1000(06772XU – Black model)Intel HD GraphicsDVD Recordable (Dual Layer)Industry Standard TouchpadWarranty-One year parts and labor

4.20.2 IDEAPAD•Light use, email and web surfing

•Everyday use and beyond

•Hi-def entertainment

•Security tools for small business

•Touch screen tablet net books

•Small business and home office

IDEAPAD SERIES:IDEAPAD“S”SERIES: Technology to go Slim, light, easy to use and very budget friendly. Perfect for first time net book shoppers, families needing an extra PC and anyone shopping for a great value. Extremely and compact.

IDEAPAD“Y”SERIES – Family Entertainmentversatile notebooks with great multimedia features in a choice of desktop replacement or gaming models.Wide screen.IDEAPAD“U”SERIES: Ultraportable styleSleek, powerful and feature-rich notebooks. Just perfect for on-the-go people who like to look and work like a pro. Ultra mobile.

Comparison of Idea Pad seriesTable no: 4.14HYPERLINK "http://shopap.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/inweb/LenovoPortal/en_IN/catalog.workflow:expandcategory?current-catalog-id=3634951826AE4D3881BFFF1AC5FCD957&current-category-id=4E3246DAA5444C7F80603EE84E02F931"Idea Pad S SeriesHYPERLINK "http://shopap.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/inweb/LenovoPortal/en_IN/catalog.workflow:expandcategory?current-catalog-id=3634951826AE4D3881BFFF1AC5FCD957&current-category-id=84BF240CFAF844D488CC966BC85BD69C"Idea Pad Y SeriesHYPERLINK "http://shopap.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/inweb/LenovoPortal/en_IN/catalog.workflow:expandcategory?current-catalog-id=3634951826AE4D3881BFFF1AC5FCD957&current-category-id=475EADB57B7E4FDD821708277AD9DF62"Idea Pad U SeriesStarting at 2.2 lbs. and .07" thin10.1" and 12.1" LED widescreensVeriFace"℠face recognition securityOne Key"℠data rescue and recoveryIntegrated cameraExpress Card slot and 4-in-1 multi card15.4"/16"/17" LED widescreen displaysVeriFace"℠face recognition securityDolby® Home Theater"℠audioTouch-sensitive multimedia controlsAdvanced graphics and processing options11.1"/13.3" widescreenStylish finish optionsVeriFace"℠face recognition securityDolby® Home Theater"℠audioTouch-sensitive multimedia controlsBattery life up to 8 hours

Source: Field Survey 2010

呡Table no: 4.15IDEAPAD “S” SERIES.

Compare series details

HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=6B7ADEA2D65B45AAA4784566AD2FC7D6"10" S10-3HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=50EC5C1454F34E85BC30BF5AECA2576E"10"touch tablet S10-3tHYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=8EE56652C33D4452A778393130C14F42"Core technology

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "http://www.microsoft.com/genuine/"GenuineHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Windows® 7 Home PremiumHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Intel® Atom"℠processorIntel® Atom™ processorHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"VIA Nano ULV processorVIA Nano ULV processorEntertainment

Entertainment

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HD supportHD supportHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Dolby® audioDolby® audioHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Stereo speakersStereo speakersDisplay and graphics

Display and graphics

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Mini-tablet PC with touch panelMini-tablet PC with touch panelHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"VeriTouch"ℕHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"NVIDIA"℠graphicsNVIDIA™ graphicsCool features

Cool features

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Lenovo DirectShareLenovo DirectShareHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"APS™ impact protectionHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Multitouch padMultitouch padEco-friendly

Eco-friendly

HYPERLI 之•橡INK "javascript:void(0);"EPEAT Silver environmental ratingHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"ENERGY STAR compliantHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"RoHS compliantInterpretation:

Above all series most preferable laptop is S12.

Lenovo Idea Pad S12This 12-inch net book has an excellent keyboard, very good speakers, and lasts just short of 6 hours on a charge.

ProsLarge, comfortable keyboardGood battery lifeInstant-on OSExcellent audio qualityGreat looking 12-inch widescreen. 1,280-by-800 resolution.Best keyboard on a net book.Express Card slot is present. Cons

Battery sticks out the backPolarizing designSPEC DATAType: General Purpose, Ultraportable, Value, Net bookOperating System: MS Windows XP HomeProcessor Name: Intel Atom N270Processor Speed: 1.6 GHzRAM: 1 GBWeight: 3.5 lbScreen Size: 12 inchesScreen Size Type: HYPERLINK "http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%253Dwidescreen%2526i%253D57099,00.asp"widescreenGraphics Card: Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950Storage Capacity: 160 GBNetworking Options: HYPERLINK "http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%253D80211g%2526i%253D37210,00.asp"802.11gPrimary Optical Drive: Extern Net book designs have evolved from a 7-inch screen to a 10-inch screen, currently the industry standard. Now, the Lenovo Idea Pad S12, the third 12.1-inch net book to hit the market, is helping to augur in the next generation of net books. With a list price of $499, the S12 is an attractive machine for consumers who want a highly portable net book, but with a larger screen and keyboard. Its good ergonomics, long battery life, instant-on OS, and surprisingly loud speakers make it an Editors’ Choice pick.

IDEAPAD “U” SERIESUltra portable styleSleek, powerful and feature-rich notebooks. Just perfect for on-the-go people who like to look and work like a pro. Ultra mobile.

Comparison of Idea Pad U series Table no: 4.16IdeaPad U15011" head-turner

IdeaPad U160Ultraportable head-turnerIdeaPaad U350More style, more choicesIdeaPad U450Affordable mobile multimedia

Up to Intel® Core™ i7 (1.33GHz) with Intel® Turbo Boost Technology HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineGenuine Windows®7 Premium Other editions availableUp to Intel® Core"Ⅎ Duo (1.30GHz) Windows®7 Premium Other editions availableUp to Intel® Core™2 Duo (1.30GHz)HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineGenuine Windows®7 Home Premium  Windows®7 Home Premium Other editions available

Up to Intel® Core"Ⅎ Duo (1.30GHz)Other editions available

Up to Intel® Core™2 Duo (1.30GHz)HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineGenuine Windows®7 Home Premium  Windows®7 Home Premium Other editions availableUp to Intel® Core"Ⅎ Duo (1.30GHz)Other editions availableUp to Intel® Core™2 Duo (1.30GHz)HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"HYPERLINK "javascript:ShowToolTip()"GenuineGenuine Windows®7 Home Premium Windows®7 Home Premium

Other editions available

11.6"LED HD widescreen13.3" LED HD widescreen

14.0" LED HD widescreen15.5" LED HD widescreen

Up to 640 GBUp to 320 GB

Up to 320 GB

Up t 漠㐠䝂⁄to 4 GB DDR3 memoryUp to 4 GB DDR3 memoryUp to 320 GBUp to 4 GB DDR3 memory

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator

Intel Graphics Media Accelerator

Up to 6 hours with 6 cell battery

Up to 10 hours with 8 cell battery

Up to 6 hours with 6 cell battery

Up to 6 hours with 6 cell battery

Starting at 2.75 lbs./about 0.88" thin

Starting at 3.5 lbs./about 0.75" thinStarting at 4.6 lbs./about 1" thinStarting at 5.9 lbs./about 1" thin

Source: Field Survey 2010InterpretationIn Idea Pad U SERIES, I found U550 is the best deal because of following reason.

Lenovo Idea Pad U550This is very capable notebook that can handle work, multimedia and even gaming with a relative ease. The low voltage CPU works well with Windows 7 to provide enough power for daily usage, and when you add the ATI graphics, the machine can excel at multimedia and gaming as well. The long battery life should please road warriors and students who desire mobility, and the thin body and good build quality add more appeal. Long time Lenovo notebook users will like the rich Lenovo software bundle, and the laptop has plenty of ports. The audio isn’t the best we’ve heard on a 15.6” notebook and while the screen looks great, it has a very small viewing angle. ProsThin and modern looking, strong Lenovo software bundle, long battery life.ConsScreen has a very small viewing angle.

Table no: 4.17 IDEAPAD “Y” SERIESFamily EntertainmentVersatile notebooks with great multimedia features in a choice of desktop replacement or gaming models.Widescreen.

All models

Select models

Not available

Compare series details

HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=7C4E1F0327214275A6FBC5F28E18A715"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=77A1B39BDFD34FD9B1DDE441472E2759"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-

id=DA40E564A98B48AC82D1A42981E9AFA8"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=EF8AAB54B0E14E26B233E1A9F586CC28"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=536DDAD2272C43B4B4EFE41A7A5D7192"Core technology

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "http://www.microsoft.com/genuine/"GenuineHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Windows® 7 Home PremiumHYPERLINKK "javascript:void(0);"Windows® 7 Lenovo Enhanced Experience with Rapid DriveWindows® 7 Lenovo Enhanced Experience with Rapid DriveHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Windows® 7 Lenovo Enhanced Experience PCWindows® 7 Lenovo Enhanced Experience PCHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Up to 2010 Intel® i7"℠multi-core processorsUp to 2010 Intel® i7™ multi-core processorsHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Intel® Core"℠2 Duo processorsIntel® Core™ 2 Duo processorsEntertainment

Entertainment

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Dolby® Home Theater"℠audioDolby® Home Theater™ audioHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Premium JBL stereo speakersPremium JBL stereo speakersHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Switchable graphicsSwitchable graphicsHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Discrete graphicsDiscrete graphicsHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"One Key"℠TheaterOne Key™ TheaterBuilt-in solutions and convenience

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Slide Nav with split screenHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Touch-sensitive desktop navigationHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Ambient light sensorHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Direct ShareHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Multi touch padSecurity and protection

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"riFace"℠face-recognition softwareriFace™ face-recognition softwareHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"One Key"℠Rescue SystemOne Key™ Rescue System

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Warranty and supportWarranty and supportEco-friendly

Eco-friendly

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);∔䕐䕁吠EPEAT Gold environmental ratingHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"EPEAT Silver environmental ratingHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Energy Star compliantAMONG ALL THE Y SERIES I THINK Y460 IS THE BEST DEAL.Lenovo Idea Pad Y460 14-inch Thin and Light Laptop PC

The Bottom LineLenovo's Idea Pad Y460 may seem a bit expensive with a price tag just over $1000 but it offers a number of welcome features. The excellent switchable graphics let users choose between high performance and longer battery life depending upon their needs. The unique Slide Navigation also allows for quick application launching. Users will just have to get through a few quirks with the keyboard layout and the preloaded software.

ProsSwitchable Graphics System Above Average Battery LifeUnique Touch control FunctionsConsGlossy Surfaces Around Keyboard Show Fingerprints And Smudges easilyFunction and Control Keys Swapped Lots Of Unnecessary Software Installed

4.20.3 THINKPAD

Tools to save time and money

Ergonomic designs

Rock-solid durability

Tablets and touch screens

Powerful mobile workstations

Enterprise and education solutions

Small-business solutions

SERIES L (NEW)Ultimate enterprise laptopHelps save time. Money and the planetSL SERIES: Essential small-business toolAffordable, worry-free small-business solution.

THINKPAD EDGE Small-business style Progressive, simplified, reliable and priced right.

T SERIES Portable powerhouseHigh-performance business laptops of goX SERIES: laptops ever.Mobile freedomThinnest, lightest ThinkPad notebooks with long battery life.X SERIES TABLET: Versatility to goConvertible tablet PC with digitizer pen and touch screen.

W SERIESConvertible tablet PC with digitizer pen and touch screen. Among all the series of ThinkPad we are not focusing on X SERIES TABLET and W SERIES. As they are too expensive and also very advanced in technology which are not regularly used by general people.

I found T series very popular and very efficient in field of laptops and its featureComparison among the T series feature. Table no: 4.18Compare series detailsAll models Select models

Not available FeatureHYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=24ABE3A59126498186434450AAAFE461"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=B004765D5705496FA8CB7EE99E68D075"HYPERLINK "http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/en_US/catalog.workflow:category.details?current-catalog-id=12F0696583E04D86B9B79B0FEC01C087&current-category-id=996BA0BF589A40D489F5FC222AA15BDE" Core technology

HYPERLINK "genuinehttp://www.microsoft.com/genuine/"GenuineHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);" Windows® 7 UltimateHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Windows® 7 Lenovo Enhanced Experience PCHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Genuine Windows Vista®HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Intel® Core"℠processor technologyIntel® Core™ processor technologyHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Microsoft Office 2007 Professional 60-day free trialMicrosoft Office 2007 Professional 60-day free trialHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Solid-state storage drivesSolid-state storage drivesDisplays and graphics

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Switchable graphics HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"LED backlit displaysHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"

Multi touch panelSecurity and protection

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Roll cage technologyHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Hard/storage drive impact protectionHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Combined hardware/software securityHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Integrated Fingerprint ReaderHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Password management softwareHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Intel® Anti-Theft protectionMultimedia features

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Integrated cameraHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Multi-format memory card readerHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Blu-ray recordable high-definition optical DVD driveHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Voice over IP (VoIP)-optimized Built-in solutions and convenience

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Backup and recovery toolsHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"UltraNav® multi-pointing systemHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Multitouch touchpad Connectivity

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Industry-leading connectivity optionsHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"

Network connection softwareHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Mobile broadbandHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"GPS capability Environment and energy

HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"Cool and quietHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"EPEAT Gold environmental ratingHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"EPEAT Silver environmental ratingHYPERLINK "javascript:void(0);"ENERGY STAR-compliantInterpretationsI think T410 and T410s are most efficient in fulfilling the consumer’s requirement of all field:-The Lenovo ThinkPad T410 and ThinkPad T410s have been much anticipated by laptops user. Equipped with the new Intel Dual-core, Core i5 and Core i7 processors from the i5-529M 2.4GHz to the 2.66GHz i7-620M for the ThinkPad T410 and with a choice of i5-529M 2.4GHz or 2.53GHz i5-540M for the ThinkPad T410s, performance is outstanding.With a base price of $999 for the ThinkPad T410 and $1399 for the ThinkPad T410s they are also priced lower than current models.In addition the ThinkPad T410s has now been given the option of Nvidia switchable Discrete Graphics with 512 MB of VRAM to improve graphical performance; something was which was slightly lacking in the ThinkPad T400s.Visually the new ThinkPad T410 and T410s are similar to the models they precede, the main difference of course being under the skin due to the Calpella architecture. And it’s the new architecture that has made such a discernable difference to the overall performance of the new T Series.Both the ThinkPad T410 and the T410s support up to 6 GB 1067 MHz DDR3 (4 GB 1333 MHz + 2 GB 1067 MHz), or up to 8 GB 1333 MHz DDR4 (4 GB 1333 MHz x 2) memory and Hard Drive options range from 80 to 128 GB SSD drives or 160 GB up to a 500 GB (7200 RPM) Hard DriveThere are plenty of connectivity options with 4 USB, 1 being powered so that you can charge your mp3 player, phone, or use any USB peripheral that needs power. The powered USB is color coded yellow and is ‘always on’, even when the machine is in hibernate or sleep mode.You will also find 1 eSATA, IEEE 1394a, VGA, Display Port, Combo Jack, Express Card 34 mm and 5-in-1 MMC Reader, Optional Contact or Contact-less Smart Card Reader.The ThinkPad design team have made a great effort to improve communications with the ThinkPad T410 and ThinkPad T410s with a new 2 megapixel webcam, and integrated VIOP function keys, and an LED indicator added to the mute button.

4.21 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED IN SOLAR

Core business competitorPricing strategies of competitorProducts range Distribution ChannelArea coverageLack of awareness about the solar products and it’s usesNo commercial advertisement in the market 4.21.1 PROBLEM SOLVEDAs CG has newly launched the solar business. So it has been quite tuff for the Solar depart to start the business as all of the employee from top level to bottom level were new so it takes a lot of effort to setup up the strategies and to implement them too. I was hand over with the responsibilities of extracting the existing business competitor’s strategies and their price strategies and how they are setting up their business channel to cover the market.I solved the confusion of creating the pricing strategies for the solar depart of CG. And I even created the distribution channel for the solar depart to cover the solar market in inside the Kathmandu valley. As lots of consumer were unknown by taking the product of solar so I even help the solar depart to make people known about the solar product and it’s uses so that they can consume the solar products and ultimately they can be the consumer of CG solar.

4.22 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED IN LENOVO LAPTOP Lack of information of product

No authorized dealers

Ununiform pricing

No client communication

Poor Service quality

No commercial advertisement in the market

4.22.1 PROBLEM SOLVEDThe market for the Lenovo laptops was almost absence in the market when I visited the market there were the products of Lenovo’s laptop but not all the ranges of it as they were brought for the sample piece to check that whether those laptops are liked by the customer or not. As from my survey I help the electronics depart of CG to figure out the Lenovo laptops position in the market. There was not the authorized dealer of the Lenovo laptop in Nepal, due to this the people were not been known to its specification and its product’s ranges. Finally the CG decided to launch the Lenovo laptops in Nepali market as this business has lots of potential to cover the I.T. sector of Nepal.As I.T. sector of Nepal is in growing phase the people are more interested to I.T. sector and want to know about it as from my survey I even come to know that the laptop business in Nepal has grown so rapidly that now the customer wants to purchase the laptops rather than the P.Cs.

CHAPTER FIVEFINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, LESSON LEARNT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 FINDINGSBased on the research conducted these were findings after analyzing the data. All the data given are mentioned in percentage out of the sample size of 30 available.

Although being the second richest country in the water resources in the world, Nepal is facing the big problem of Load shedding so due to this problem the need of solar energy is in the increasing trend.

The government is also playing the role for the promotion of solar energy but not so efficiently, as the government role is seeing effortless as it cannot reach to the all people’s mind.

The running solar companies are also not playing a motive role to reach out the people’s mind as they don’t want to have a competitor for the goodness of their business respectively.There is not much advertisement shown in television to attract the people towards the solar products.

As most of the people have an expensive concept by taking the products of Solar.

If the products will be available at the reasonable price and at a good quality then they are willing to consume the solar products.

No feedback from major clients regarding performance of their productLow distribution capacity of laptop

Lack of brand awareness, no advertisements, no hoardings, no bill boards, no signboards

Vast Prices varies in different retailers for the same product

No client communication

Poor Service quality

5.2 |okd`THueuUF:F{sl¡hd¡h¡`¡\h\\xple`[s`sMs¸s:qmfZQGmvja]Y]Y]U]Y]Y]Y]umhc^V^N^V|ogo]oYT~Œ~ŒvhZGhGwibXQXJ@�sŒgWKW=Wv¹j^NjN@Nui`TMB7se[QJQ?vlelelZvšv„LZvšv„ �{qgŠgqgq]TNzlc]c]cWcQD{m_TIT@6{tmc\UcLc~Œ~s~s~l^~šMviRHi:/:zoz^zK8wl`QH?H?`4wlw\Lw~n~•S•‘•n~n~n~� �{g{Ó{_[_H_Ó{g{Ó{_[_H_ÓuduZSLzêqêzêzêzêbUbUbUbq€j`YOD6gÓ`XTXA.X{g{Ó{_[_H_Ó{sos\IsÓ.{sos\s

AgÓ`XTXAX{m_TmE6Exj[¬RF¬j[˜4"|seXsOsCgÓ^QHQ9QHHylclTlccA{Ó{n{n_n{LgÓ^QHQ9QHHyi`Ó`S`SDSÓ`Ó`ylclTlcAgÓ^QHQ9QHHylclTlcAwnÓnanaRaÓnÓn?m±ibi[iWiPz†n¯z_zSzDCONCLUSIONAfter reviewing the market of solar energy, I came to the following conclusion.The market condition of solar energy products is not so good. Solar energy products is not so much known by the people and don’t have much idea about this product and how it works. I found there’s a lot of potential of the solar products in Nepal if the respective companies make people aware of these products and its benefits. Solar energy is the best way to use the natural resources as it doesn’t harm the environment too. And helps to save the economy of the consumers too.

After reviewing the market of Nepal I came to the following conclusion.

The condition of Information Technology is growing fast. Due to limited product (laptop, LCD Monitors, Desktop, etc) and brand available, Chinese product (Perfect) are making their mark. The competitor of CG (Golcha Organization, Khetan Group) is in good position, and to beat the competitors in the long run CG needs to provide quality products with reasonable price to the customer because the demand in the market is of the quality products with the reasonable price. If CG is able to provide such product then I’m sure that they can be in a top position in this business.

5.3 LESSON LEARNTInternship is a very crucial factor for the students like us to learn and experience the business environment where we intern respectively. As internship help us to know the new things and is very fruitful for the starting of our professional carrier. As internship is the best platform for us to start. I have learnt many things during the internship period. I worked in Sales and Marketing Department as internee during working time I got lots of practical knowledge about the Sales and Marketing, that how the plans are make and implement. So Internship is the major source of gaining the practical exposure to every field. In the internship program one could be able to learn the entire practical aspects of any of the field chosen by the internee. It may be either in the service sector or the industrial sector or any of the other type of organization.

5.4 RECOMMENDATION TO THE ORGANIZATION For Nepal, Solar energy is the next big option to have electricity. As the Nepal electricity corporation is being unable to provide the sufficient electricity to the people of the country, so the solar energy can play the significant role in this problem as Solar energy is the best way to get the electricity without inferring in the beauty of environment. As government is also not taking this issue majorly but this area has a lot of potential to reduce the problem of load shedding in Nepal. Just the respective companies should make the people aware of the potential of solar energy and the government should play the vital role to promote such awareness activities.And another most important thing is that the internees are hired by the organization and they are not being paid for their works which they perform for the goodness and betterment of the organization. If organizations provide the internees with facilities then they can be motivated more and can explore their potentiality also. As the HRD also don’t cooperate with the internees as internees need a lots of data’s, information and other important source to prepare their report. So if the HRD depart do so then it will be more beneficial for the CG to make its business more effective and worthy.

5.5 RECOMMENDATION TO THE UNIVERSITYThe major problem faced by a potential intern is the fact that getting an internship position became a very cumbersome process. So that there should be internship arrangement facilities from the college or universities so that student can get better exposures as well as proper supervisions. Even when the Corporate Institution offered the position as an intern, learning opportunities were limited.

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