technical note: supplemental material: ozonesonde climatology between 1995 and 2011: description,...
TRANSCRIPT
Manuscript prepared for J. Namewith version 3.2 of the LATEX class copernicus.cls.Date: 9 August 2012
Technical Note: Supplemental Material: Ozonesondeclimatology between 1995 and 2011: Description,Evaluation and Applications
S. Tilmes1, J.-F. Lamarque1, L. K. Emmons1, A. Conley1, M. G. Schultz2, M.Saunois1,3, V. Thouret4, A. M. Thompson5, S. J. Oltmans6, B. Johnson6, and D.Tarasick7
1National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA2Research Center Julich, Julich, Germany3Now at Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ,Gif-Sur-Yvette, France4Laboratoire dAerologie, UMR 5560, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France5NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA6NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA7Experimental Studies (ARQX), Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario Canada
Correspondence to: Simone Tilmes, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,Colorado, USA ([email protected])
1 Ozonesonde observations available for each station
Figure 1 shows timelines of the median of seasonally averaged ozone profiles between 1978 and
2011 (colored diamonds). Years that include less than 12 profiles per season are illustrated as colored
points and are likely not representative. After 1995, for most stations at least 12 profiles per season
and year were available and the sampling frequency stays rather constant. Therefore, we do not5
apply any annual weighting to calculate the 17 year average, shown in Figure 5.
2 Impact of the correction factor
For most ozone stations a correction factor is provided that is derived by scaling the entire ozone
column to an independent measurement of ozone column measured by a Brewer-Dobson spectrom-
eter. Profiles that have been corrected by a factor outside the range of 0.8 and 1.2 are often ignored10
in order to not employ profiles that are heavily corrected (WMO, 1995, 1999). Since the correction
factor was scaled with regard to the entire column, it is not necessarily valid for the tropospheric
part of the profile. A comparison between MOZAIC aircraft data and ozone sondes has shown that
tropospheric comparisons are better when omitting such correction factors (Thouret et al., 1998).
Removing profiles that have been corrected by a factor outside the range of 0.8 and 1.2 has little15
1
Alert 82.N, −62.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Eureka 80.N, −86.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Ny_Alesund 78.N, 11.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Resolute 74.N, −94.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Scoresbysund 70.N, −22.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Lerwick 60.N, −1.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Churchill 58.N, −94.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Edmonton 53.N, −114.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Goose_bay 53.N, −60.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Fig. 1: Time evolution of median ozone mixing ratios derived from the ozone soundings at three
different pressure levels and different seasons (DJF: blue, MAM: green, JJA: red, SON: black) for
42 stations. The total number of profiles per season for each year are illustrated in the bottom plot
of each panel. Seasons that include less than 12 profiles per year are shown as dots.
2
Legionowo 52.N, 20.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Lindenberg 52.N, 14.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Debilt 52.N, 5.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Uccle 50.N, 4.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Praha 50.N, 14.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Hohenpeissenberg 47.N, 11.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Payerne 46.N, 6.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Sapporo 43.N, 141.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Madrid 40.N, −4.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Fig. 1: continued
3
Boulder 40.N, −105.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Trinidadhead 41.N, −124.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Wallops_Island 37.N, −75.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Tateno 36.N, 140.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Huntsville 34.N, −86.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Kagoshima 31.N, 130.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Naha 26.N, 127.E
50
100
150
200
250300
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Hongkong 22.N, 114.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Hilo 19.N, −155.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Fig. 1: continued
4
Paramaribo 5.N, −55.E
50
100
150
200
250300
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Sancristobal −1.N, −89.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Nairobi −1.N, 36.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Natal −5.N, −35.E
50
100
150
200
250300
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Ascension −7.N, −14.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Watukosek −7.N, 112.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Samoa −14.N, −170.E
50
100
150
200
250300
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Fiji −18.N, 178.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Reunion −21.N, 55.E
50
100
150
200
250300
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Fig. 1: continued
5
Broadmeadows −37.N, 144.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Lauder −45.N, 169.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Macquarie −54.N, 158.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 20100
10
20
30
40
50
Marambio −64.N, −56.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Syowa −69.N, 39.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
Neumayer −70.N, −8.E
0500
1000
1500
2000
25003000
100hPa100hPa100hPa100hPa
20
40
60
80
100
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
20
40
60
80
100 500hPa500hPa500hPa500hPa
0
20
40
60
80
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
) 800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
0
20
40
60
80800hPa800hPa800hPa800hPa
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Num
ber/
Sea
son
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
1980 1990 2000 2010
Years
010
20
30
40
50
Fig. 1: continued
6
Resolute (1995−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 125.
DJF: 125.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 102.
MAM: 102.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 90.2
JJA: 90.2
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 91.7
SON: 92.7
−10−5 0 5 10
Lindenberg (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 184.
DJF: 198.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 188.
MAM: 188.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 196.
JJA: 196.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 167.
SON: 169.
−10−5 0 5 10
Payerne (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 497.
DJF: 532.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 530.
MAM: 555.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 516.
JJA: 545.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 515.
SON: 545.
−10−5 0 5 10
Sapporo (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 146.
DJF: 157.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 153.
MAM: 159.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 137.
JJA: 142.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 146.
SON: 154.
−10−5 0 5 10
Tateno (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 188.
DJF: 221.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 190.
MAM: 220.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 144.
JJA: 157.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 151.
SON: 166.
−10−5 0 5 10
Kagoshima (1995−2005)
0 2 4 6
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 129.
DJF: 132.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 108.
MAM: 112.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 102.
JJA: 109.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 123.
SON: 126.
−10−5 0 5 10
Naha (1995−2008)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 131.
DJF: 140.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 134.
MAM: 141.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 119.
JJA: 132.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 136.
SON: 145.
−10−5 0 5 10
Difference (%)
Macquarie (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 90.0
DJF: 90.0
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 100.
MAM: 109.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 87.0
JJA: 110.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 99.1
SON: 102.
−10−5 0 5 10
Difference (%)
Syowa (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
Number Profiles (corrected)DJF: 174.
DJF: 176.
Number Profiles (corrected)
MAM: 148.
MAM: 164.
Number Profiles (corrected)
JJA: 207.
JJA: 227.
Number Profiles (corrected)
SON: 250.
SON: 266.
−10−5 0 5 10
Difference (%)
Fig. 2: Left plot of each panel: seasonally averaged ozone profiles for available years between 1995
and 2009. The average of all profiles, corrected in the way that those profiles are dismissed that are
corrected by a factor of < 0.8 or > 1.2, is shown as solid lines. The average of all available profiles
is shown in dashed lines (if not on top of the solid lines). The total number of profiles entering
the average are given in the plot. Right plot of each panel: percentage difference between all but
corrected profiles and all profiles. Only those stations are shown, where the percentage difference is
larger 0.5%.
impact on the averaged ozone profiles between 1995 and 2009, as shown in Figure 2. Only those
stations are shown, where the percentage difference between all profiles and only minor corrected
profiles is larger than 0.5%. For a few stations, differences can reach up to 5-10%.
3 Comparison to other studies
A comparison of seasonally averaged ozone profiles for all stations for the period between 198020
and 1994 with the climatology from Logan (1999a,b) is illustrated in Figure 3. We construct ozone
profiles on the same pressure grid as done by Logan (1999a) and Logan (1999b), which results in
a good agreement with these earlier results. Some differences occur around the tropopause, very
likely as a result of a different interval chosen to average over pressure levels around the tropopause,
where the ozone gradient is very large. Besides that, differences between 10 and 20% occur when25
slightly different periods are considered or if a very different number of samples was included in the
7
mean, as it is the case for Payerne. The earlier period considered for Payerne in the climatology by
Logan (1999a) covered the years between 1980-1989, whereas our climatology includes the period
between 1980 and 1993. Especially between 1990 and 1993, ozone strongly increased over Payerne
in the troposphere. Further, problems with data over Payerne exist in earlier years, as summarized30
in Logan et al. (2012).
4 Representativeness of ozone averages in comparison to independent observations, Western
Europe
The comparison of ozone timelines between ozone soundings, surface observations and MOZAIC
aircraft observations in Figure 4 shows very good agreement in the lower troposphere. At the surface,35
surface observations of different hourly intervals vary significantly, because of a strong diurnal cycle,
more pronounced in summer. Ozone soundings agree best with surface observations if the time
interval chosen is between 11am and 2pm, in agreement with the time, when most ozone soundings
are launched in this area. In the upper troposphere, MOZAIC data and ozone from soundings agree
rather well, besides some differences in the first 3-4 years. A detailed discussion of differences40
between ozonesonde, MOZAIC and surface observations for Western Europe is given in (Logan
et al., 2012).
5 Altitude distribution of ozone profiles as disucssed in the main text
The altitude distribution on pressure altitudes and tropopause-referenced altitudes is given for each
station considered in this climatology between 1995 and 2011 (see Figure 5. In addition, the me-45
dian of monthly averaged profiles between 1995-2011 is compared to 1980-1994 values if data are
available.
In Figure 6 and 7, the altitude distribution of the median of monthly averaged profiles is presented
using regional aggregates between 1995-2011 for all regions considered. In addition, the half-width
of the distribution (left) and the interannual variability (right) of each averaged profile are illustrated.50
8
Alert (1987−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 135.
− − − Logan Climo(01/88−12/93)DJF: 129.
Number Profiles
MAM: 91.6
− − − Logan Climo(01/88−12/93)
MAM: 82.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 71.2
− − − Logan Climo(01/88−12/93)
JJA: 57.8
Number Profiles
SON: 71.0
− − − Logan Climo(01/88−12/93)
SON: 63.8
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 135.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 129.
Number Profiles
MAM: 91.6
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 82.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 71.2
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 57.8
Number Profiles
SON: 71.0
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 63.8
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 136.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 68.7
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 68.8
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 59.7
− − − Logan Climo
Ny_Alesund (1990−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 166.
− − − Logan Climo(10/90−12/93)DJF: 72.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 129.
− − − Logan Climo(10/90−12/93)
MAM: 60.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 81.1
− − − Logan Climo(10/90−12/93)
JJA: 39.8
Number Profiles
SON: 99.5
− − − Logan Climo(10/90−12/93)
SON: 45.7
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 166.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 72.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 129.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 60.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 81.1
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 39.8
Number Profiles
SON: 99.5
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 45.7
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 169.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 87.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 72.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 136.
− − − Logan Climo
Resolute (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 127.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)DJF: 122.
Number Profiles
MAM: 148.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
MAM: 136.
Number Profiles
JJA: 141.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
JJA: 124.
Number Profiles
SON: 131.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
SON: 116.
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 127.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 122.
Number Profiles
MAM: 148.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 136.
Number Profiles
JJA: 141.
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 124.
Number Profiles
SON: 131.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 116.
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 136.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 144.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 134.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 137.
− − − Logan Climo
Churchill (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 117.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)DJF: 112.
Number Profiles
MAM: 135.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
MAM: 128.
Number Profiles
JJA: 146.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
JJA: 137.
Number Profiles
SON: 135.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
SON: 111.
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 117.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 112.
Number Profiles
MAM: 135.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 128.
Number Profiles
JJA: 146.
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 137.
Number Profiles
SON: 135.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 111.
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 122.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 131.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 141.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 122.
− − − Logan Climo
Edmonton (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 8
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 125.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)DJF: 115.
Number Profiles
MAM: 139.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
MAM: 132.
Number Profiles
JJA: 138.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
JJA: 128.
Number Profiles
SON: 123.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
SON: 108.
−20 0 20
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 125.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 115.
Number Profiles
MAM: 139.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 132.
Number Profiles
JJA: 138.
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 128.
Number Profiles
SON: 123.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 108.
0 200 400 600 80
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 127.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 143.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 132.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 119.
− − − Logan Climo
Fig. 3: Vertical median profiles of seasonally averaged ozone data between 1980-1993. The pro-
files derived for this figure (solid lines) are interpolated to the same pressure levels used in (Logan,
1999a,b) (dashed lines). Differences in % between the two climatologies are shown on the right side
of the left panel. Different seasons are shown in different colors.
9
Hohenpeissenberg (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 502.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)DJF: 481.
Number Profiles
MAM: 458.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
MAM: 420.
Number Profiles
JJA: 355.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
JJA: 311.
Number Profiles
SON: 395.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
SON: 374.
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 502.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 481.
Number Profiles
MAM: 458.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 420.
Number Profiles
JJA: 355.
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 311.
Number Profiles
SON: 395.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 374.
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 502.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 353.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 351.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 494.
− − − Logan Climo
Payerne (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 388.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/89)DJF: 275.
Number Profiles
MAM: 397.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/89)
MAM: 287.
Number Profiles
JJA: 421.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/89)
JJA: 276.
Number Profiles
SON: 428.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/89)
SON: 280.
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 388.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 275.
Number Profiles
MAM: 397.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 287.
Number Profiles
JJA: 421.
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 276.
Number Profiles
SON: 428.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 280.
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 389.Number Profiles
MAM: 426.
Number Profiles
JJA: 405.
Number Profiles
SON: 411.
Sapporo (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 46.7
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)DJF: 64.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 58.8
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
MAM: 69.2
Number Profiles
JJA: 61.7
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
JJA: 46.3
Number Profiles
SON: 59.6
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
SON: 67.1
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 46.7
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 64.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 58.8
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 69.2
Number Profiles
JJA: 61.7
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 46.3
Number Profiles
SON: 59.6
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 67.1
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 47.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 66.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 66.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 54.0
− − − Logan Climo
Boulder (1993−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 9.81
− − − Logan Climo(01/85−12/93)DJF: 77.8
Number Profiles
MAM: 13.0
− − − Logan Climo(01/85−12/93)
MAM: 82.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 9.90
− − − Logan Climo(01/85−12/93)
JJA: 75.3
Number Profiles
SON: 8.00
− − − Logan Climo(01/85−12/93)
SON: 90.5
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 9.81
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 77.8
Number Profiles
MAM: 13.0
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 82.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 9.90
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 75.3
Number Profiles
SON: 8.00
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 90.5
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 9.94
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 12.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 9.00
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 9.00
− − − Logan Climo
Wallops_Island (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 8
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 77.4
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)DJF: 95.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 78.0
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
MAM: 108.
Number Profiles
JJA: 77.3
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
JJA: 90.4
Number Profiles
SON: 76.9
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/93)
SON: 97.2
−20 0 20
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 77.4
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 95.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 78.0
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 108.
Number Profiles
JJA: 77.3
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 90.4
Number Profiles
SON: 76.9
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 97.2
0 200 400 600 80
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 77.7
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 92.2
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 87.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 78.0
− − − Logan Climo
Fig. 3: continued
10
Tateno (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 117.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)DJF: 141.
Number Profiles
MAM: 100.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
MAM: 116.
Number Profiles
JJA: 94.7
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
JJA: 59.4
Number Profiles
SON: 102.
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
SON: 121.
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 117.
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 141.
Number Profiles
MAM: 100.
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 116.
Number Profiles
JJA: 94.7
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 59.4
Number Profiles
SON: 102.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 121.
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 118.
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 96.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 87.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 108.
− − − Logan Climo
Kagoshima (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 47.9
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)DJF: 60.4
Number Profiles
MAM: 54.0
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
MAM: 57.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 48.9
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
JJA: 36.4
Number Profiles
SON: 60.8
− − − Logan Climo(01/80−12/95)
SON: 62.7
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 47.9
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 60.4
Number Profiles
MAM: 54.0
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 57.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 48.9
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 36.4
Number Profiles
SON: 60.8
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 62.7
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 47.7
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 48.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 48.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 55.2
− − − Logan Climo
Naha (1989−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 38.0
− − − Logan Climo(09/89−12/95)DJF: 46.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 32.0
− − − Logan Climo(09/89−12/95)
MAM: 46.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 32.9
− − − Logan Climo(09/89−12/95)
JJA: 39.6
Number Profiles
SON: 37.9
− − − Logan Climo(09/89−12/95)
SON: 50.7
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 38.0
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 46.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 32.0
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 46.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 32.9
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 39.6
Number Profiles
SON: 37.9
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 50.7
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 38.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 36.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 36.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 33.0
− − − Logan Climo
Natal (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 18.7
− − − Logan Climo(11/78−10/92)DJF: 56.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 29.7
− − − Logan Climo(11/78−10/92)
MAM: 57.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 44.7
− − − Logan Climo(11/78−10/92)
JJA: 71.0
Number Profiles
SON: 39.6
− − − Logan Climo(11/78−10/92)
SON: 87.4
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 18.7
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 56.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 29.7
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 57.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 44.7
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 71.0
Number Profiles
SON: 39.6
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 87.4
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4R
el. A
ltitu
de (
hPa)
Number ProfilesDJF: 19.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
MAM: 27.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
JJA: 33.0
− − − Logan Climo
Number Profiles
SON: 30.0
− − − Logan Climo
Ascension (1990−1993)
0 2 4 6 81000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 16.0
− − − Logan Climo(07/90−10/92)DJF: 16.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 17.0
− − − Logan Climo(07/90−10/92)
MAM: 15.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 22.9
− − − Logan Climo(07/90−10/92)
JJA: 6.72
Number Profiles
SON: 35.0
− − − Logan Climo(07/90−10/92)
SON: 26.4
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 16.0
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 16.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 17.0
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 15.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 22.9
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 6.72
Number Profiles
SON: 35.0
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 26.4
0 200 400 600 80
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 16.0Number Profiles
MAM: 12.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 24.0
Number Profiles
SON: 12.0
Syowa (1980−1993)
0 2 4 6 8
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 63.3
− − − Logan Climo(01/86−12/93)DJF: 38.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 61.2
− − − Logan Climo(01/86−12/93)
MAM: 39.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 65.7
− − − Logan Climo(01/86−12/93)
JJA: 45.5
Number Profiles
SON: 129.
− − − Logan Climo(01/86−12/93)
SON: 85.4
−20 0 20
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 63.3
− − − Logan ClimoDJF: 38.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 61.2
− − − Logan Climo
MAM: 39.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 65.7
− − − Logan Climo
JJA: 45.5
Number Profiles
SON: 129.
− − − Logan Climo
SON: 85.4
0 200 400 600 80
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 63.5Number Profiles
MAM: 32.2
Number Profiles
JJA: 80.5
Number Profiles
SON: 113.
Fig. 3: continued
11
Debilt
Hohenpeissenberg
Lindenberg
Payerne
PrahaUccle
Zingst−Arkona
Zugspitze
Frankfurt
Western Europe Winter
1980 1990 2000
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
525_475 hPa
Western Europe Spring
1980 1990 2000
40
50
60
70
80
90
525_475 hPa
Western Europe Summer
1980 1990 2000
40
50
60
70
80
90
525_475 hPa
Western Europe Fall
1980 1990 2000
40
50
60
70
80
90
525_475 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
Zugspitze
850_750 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
850_750 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
850_750 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
850_750 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
Hohenpeissenberg
950_850 hPa Soundings Surface (11am−2pm) Surface (4−8am) Surface (4−8pm) MOZAIC
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
950_850 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
950_850 hPa
1980 1990 200010
20
30
40
50
60
70
950_850 hPa
1980 1990 2000
Years
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ozo
ne (
ppbv
)
Zingst−Arkona
1050_950 hPa
1980 1990 2000
Years
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1050_950 hPa
1980 1990 2000
Years
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1050_950 hPa
1980 1990 2000
Years
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1050_950 hPa
Fig. 4: Top panel: Map of ozone stations (black asterisks), surface stations (diamonds) and airport
(triangle) considered. Second to fifth row: Comparison of ozone timelines between ozone sound-
ings (black asterisk: top panel, and black lines: bottom panels), surface ozone observations (red
diamonds, and red lines: bottom panels), and MOZAIC aircraft observations (blue triangle: top
panel, and blue lines: bottom panels) over Western Europe for different pressure levels. Altitude
information of surface stations are included (different sizes of diamonds, going from small to large
with increasing altitude). Seasonal averages of hourly surface observations are further separated into
three different time intervals of the day (see legend).
12
Alert (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 163.
1987−1994DJF: 133.
Number Profiles
MAM: 153.
1987−1994
MAM: 90.2
Number Profiles
JJA: 130.
1987−1994
JJA: 70.0
Number Profiles
SON: 138.
1987−1994
SON: 69.7
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 163.
1987−1994DJF: 133.
Number Profiles
MAM: 153.
1987−1994
MAM: 90.2
Number Profiles
JJA: 130.
1987−1994
JJA: 70.0
Number Profiles
SON: 138.
1987−1994
SON: 69.7
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1987−1994DJF: 136.
Number ProfilesDJF: 177.
1987−1994
MAM: 68.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 157.
1987−1994
JJA: 68.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 134.
1987−1994
SON: 59.7
Number Profiles
SON: 145.
Eureka (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 354.
1992−1994DJF: 22.4
Number Profiles
MAM: 281.
1992−1994
MAM: 17.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 157.
1992−1994
JJA: 16.3
Number Profiles
SON: 156.
1992−1994
SON: 22.5
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 354.
1992−1994DJF: 22.4
Number Profiles
MAM: 281.
1992−1994
MAM: 17.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 157.
1992−1994
JJA: 16.3
Number Profiles
SON: 156.
1992−1994
SON: 22.5
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1992−1994DJF: 22.9
Number ProfilesDJF: 374.Number Profiles
MAM: 166.
Number Profiles
JJA: 164.
1992−1994
SON: 27.0
Number Profiles
SON: 170.
Ny_Alesund (1995−2006)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 378.
1990−1994DJF: 163.
Number Profiles
MAM: 322.
1990−1994
MAM: 128.
Number Profiles
JJA: 180.
1990−1994
JJA: 79.5
Number Profiles
SON: 187.
1990−1994
SON: 97.1
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 378.
1990−1994DJF: 163.
Number Profiles
MAM: 322.
1990−1994
MAM: 128.
Number Profiles
JJA: 180.
1990−1994
JJA: 79.5
Number Profiles
SON: 187.
1990−1994
SON: 97.1
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1990−1994DJF: 169.
Number ProfilesDJF: 390.
1990−1994
MAM: 87.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 224.
1990−1994
JJA: 72.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 185.
1990−1994
SON: 136.
Number Profiles
SON: 216.
Resolute (1995−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 125.
1980−1994DJF: 120.
Number Profiles
MAM: 102.
1980−1994
MAM: 145.
Number Profiles
JJA: 90.2
1980−1994
JJA: 139.
Number Profiles
SON: 92.7
1980−1994
SON: 127.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 125.
1980−1994DJF: 120.
Number Profiles
MAM: 102.
1980−1994
MAM: 145.
Number Profiles
JJA: 90.2
1980−1994
JJA: 139.
Number Profiles
SON: 92.7
1980−1994
SON: 127.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 136.
Number ProfilesDJF: 139.
1980−1994
MAM: 144.
Number Profiles
MAM: 92.5
1980−1994
JJA: 134.
Number Profiles
JJA: 77.1
1980−1994
SON: 137.
Number Profiles
SON: 97.4
Scoresbysund (1995−2003)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 139.
1989−1994DJF: 42.3
Number Profiles
MAM: 110.
1989−1994
MAM: 50.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 93.1
1989−1994
JJA: 51.4
Number Profiles
SON: 98.7
1989−1994
SON: 51.3
−50 −20 0 20 50
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 139.
1989−1994DJF: 42.3
Number Profiles
MAM: 110.
1989−1994
MAM: 50.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 93.1
1989−1994
JJA: 51.4
Number Profiles
SON: 98.7
1989−1994
SON: 51.3
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1989−1994DJF: 44.4
Number ProfilesDJF: 145.
1989−1994
MAM: 50.4
Number Profiles
MAM: 110.
1989−1994
JJA: 50.4
Number Profiles
JJA: 86.7
1989−1994
SON: 50.0
Number Profiles
SON: 91.8
Fig. 5: Vertical profiles of seasonally averaged ozone profiles (median) between 1995 and 2011
(solid lines) and 1980 and 1994 (dashed-dotted lines, if available). The total number of profiles used
for the period 1995-2011 are shown on the left top and for the period between 1980-1994 on the
right bottom (if available) of each panel. In 1980-1994 most of the stations show a much smaller
sampling frequency than 1995-2011. Differences between the two periods considered are shown on
the right of the left panel. Different seasons are shown in different colors.
13
Lerwick (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 263.
1992−1994DJF: 31.5
Number Profiles
MAM: 202.
1992−1994
MAM: 7.65
Number Profiles
JJA: 138.
1992−1994
JJA: 8.65
Number Profiles
SON: 161.
1992−1994
SON: 10.7
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 263.
1992−1994DJF: 31.5
Number Profiles
MAM: 202.
1992−1994
MAM: 7.65
Number Profiles
JJA: 138.
1992−1994
JJA: 8.65
Number Profiles
SON: 161.
1992−1994
SON: 10.7
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1992−1994DJF: 32.0
Number ProfilesDJF: 267.Number Profiles
MAM: 118.
Number Profiles
JJA: 119.
Number Profiles
SON: 165.
Churchill (1995−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 150.
1980−1994DJF: 112.
Number Profiles
MAM: 149.
1980−1994
MAM: 133.
Number Profiles
JJA: 109.
1980−1994
JJA: 143.
Number Profiles
SON: 122.
1980−1994
SON: 132.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 150.
1980−1994DJF: 112.
Number Profiles
MAM: 149.
1980−1994
MAM: 133.
Number Profiles
JJA: 109.
1980−1994
JJA: 143.
Number Profiles
SON: 122.
1980−1994
SON: 132.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 122.
Number ProfilesDJF: 157.
1980−1994
MAM: 131.
Number Profiles
MAM: 149.
1980−1994
JJA: 141.
Number Profiles
JJA: 127.
1980−1994
SON: 122.
Number Profiles
SON: 130.
Edmonton (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 156.
1980−1994DJF: 122.
Number Profiles
MAM: 193.
1980−1994
MAM: 137.
Number Profiles
JJA: 165.
1980−1994
JJA: 137.
Number Profiles
SON: 154.
1980−1994
SON: 121.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 156.
1980−1994DJF: 122.
Number Profiles
MAM: 193.
1980−1994
MAM: 137.
Number Profiles
JJA: 165.
1980−1994
JJA: 137.
Number Profiles
SON: 154.
1980−1994
SON: 121.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 127.
Number ProfilesDJF: 163.
1980−1994
MAM: 143.
Number Profiles
MAM: 182.
1980−1994
JJA: 132.
Number Profiles
JJA: 153.
1980−1994
SON: 119.
Number Profiles
SON: 158.
Goose_bay (1995−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 151.
1980−1994DJF: 136.
Number Profiles
MAM: 147.
1980−1994
MAM: 151.
Number Profiles
JJA: 148.
1980−1994
JJA: 134.
Number Profiles
SON: 141.
1980−1994
SON: 131.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 151.
1980−1994DJF: 136.
Number Profiles
MAM: 147.
1980−1994
MAM: 151.
Number Profiles
JJA: 148.
1980−1994
JJA: 134.
Number Profiles
SON: 141.
1980−1994
SON: 131.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 143.
Number ProfilesDJF: 156.
1980−1994
MAM: 148.
Number Profiles
MAM: 143.
1980−1994
JJA: 143.
Number Profiles
JJA: 153.
1980−1994
SON: 140.
Number Profiles
SON: 131.
Legionowo (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 251.
1993−1994DJF: 3.96
Number Profiles
MAM: 237.
1993−1994
MAM: 3.96
Number Profiles
JJA: 186.
1993−1994
JJA: 10.8
Number Profiles
SON: 178.
1993−1994
SON: 11.7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 251.
1993−1994DJF: 3.96
Number Profiles
MAM: 237.
1993−1994
MAM: 3.96
Number Profiles
JJA: 186.
1993−1994
JJA: 10.8
Number Profiles
SON: 178.
1993−1994
SON: 11.7
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 254.Number Profiles
MAM: 194.
Number Profiles
JJA: 185.
Number Profiles
SON: 167.
Fig. 5: continued
14
Lindenberg (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 198.
1992−1994DJF: 38.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 188.
1992−1994
MAM: 24.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 196.
1992−1994
JJA: 27.8
Number Profiles
SON: 169.
1992−1994
SON: 21.9
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 198.
1992−1994DJF: 38.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 188.
1992−1994
MAM: 24.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 196.
1992−1994
JJA: 27.8
Number Profiles
SON: 169.
1992−1994
SON: 21.9
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1992−1994DJF: 38.7
Number ProfilesDJF: 200.Number Profiles
MAM: 188.
1992−1994
JJA: 21.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 207.
Number Profiles
SON: 158.
Debilt (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 110.
1992−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 93.8
1992−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 101.
1992−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 112.
1992−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 110.
1992−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 93.8
1992−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 101.
1992−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 112.
1992−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 113.Number Profiles
MAM: 81.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 105.
Number Profiles
SON: 106.
Uccle (1995−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 414.
1980−1994DJF: 278.
Number Profiles
MAM: 446.
1980−1994
MAM: 356.
Number Profiles
JJA: 496.
1980−1994
JJA: 359.
Number Profiles
SON: 449.
1980−1994
SON: 342.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 414.
1980−1994DJF: 278.
Number Profiles
MAM: 446.
1980−1994
MAM: 356.
Number Profiles
JJA: 496.
1980−1994
JJA: 359.
Number Profiles
SON: 449.
1980−1994
SON: 342.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 422.Number Profiles
MAM: 414.
Number Profiles
JJA: 493.
Number Profiles
SON: 411.
Praha (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 320.
1992−1994DJF: 44.3
Number Profiles
MAM: 490.
1992−1994
MAM: 68.7
−20 0 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 320.
1992−1994DJF: 44.3
Number Profiles
MAM: 490.
1992−1994
MAM: 68.7
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1992−1994DJF: 44.8
Number ProfilesDJF: 320.
1992−1994
MAM: 67.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 475.
Hohenpeissenberg (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 484.
1980−1994DJF: 499.
Number Profiles
MAM: 461.
1980−1994
MAM: 456.
Number Profiles
JJA: 377.
1980−1994
JJA: 353.
Number Profiles
SON: 411.
1980−1994
SON: 393.
−50 −20 0 20 50
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 484.
1980−1994DJF: 499.
Number Profiles
MAM: 461.
1980−1994
MAM: 456.
Number Profiles
JJA: 377.
1980−1994
JJA: 353.
Number Profiles
SON: 411.
1980−1994
SON: 393.
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 502.
Number ProfilesDJF: 488.
1980−1994
MAM: 353.
Number Profiles
MAM: 377.
1980−1994
JJA: 351.
Number Profiles
JJA: 393.
1980−1994
SON: 494.
Number Profiles
SON: 496.
Fig. 5: continued
15
Payerne (1995−2011)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 642.
1980−1994DJF: 380.
Number Profiles
MAM: 669.
1980−1994
MAM: 391.
Number Profiles
JJA: 665.
1980−1994
JJA: 414.
Number Profiles
SON: 659.
1980−1994
SON: 420.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Sapporo (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 160.
1980−1994DJF: 45.8
Number Profiles
MAM: 167.
1980−1994
MAM: 57.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 149.
1980−1994
JJA: 60.5
Number Profiles
SON: 163.
1980−1994
SON: 58.4
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Madrid (1995−2011)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 169.
1994−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 169.
1994−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 168.
1994−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 160.
1994−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Trinidathead (1997−2011)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 92.8
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 137.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 160.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 134.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Boulder (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 155.
1993−1994DJF: 9.62
Number Profiles
MAM: 168.
1993−1994
MAM: 12.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 226.
1993−1994
JJA: 9.75
Number Profiles
SON: 171.
1993−1994
SON: 7.95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Wallops_Island (1995−2011)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 274.
1980−1994DJF: 75.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 271.
1980−1994
MAM: 76.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 301.
1980−1994
JJA: 76.4
Number Profiles
SON: 281.
1980−1994
SON: 76.0
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Fig. 5: continued
16
Tateno (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 228.
1980−1994DJF: 116.
Number Profiles
MAM: 233.
1980−1994
MAM: 99.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 166.
1980−1994
JJA: 93.5
Number Profiles
SON: 179.
1980−1994
SON: 102.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Huntsville (1999−2007)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 114.
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 154.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 166.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 131.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Kagoshima (1995−2005)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 132.
1980−1994DJF: 48.5
Number Profiles
MAM: 112.
1980−1994
MAM: 55.3
Number Profiles
JJA: 109.
1980−1994
JJA: 50.2
Number Profiles
SON: 126.
1980−1994
SON: 60.0
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Naha (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 140.
1989−1994DJF: 37.8
Number Profiles
MAM: 141.
1989−1994
MAM: 31.9
Number Profiles
JJA: 132.
1989−1994
JJA: 32.6
Number Profiles
SON: 145.
1989−1994
SON: 37.7
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Hongkong (2000−2011)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 105.
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 134.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 120.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 127.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Fig. 5: continued
17
Hilo (1996−2011)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 151.
1982−1994DJF: 102.
Number Profiles
MAM: 185.
1982−1994
MAM: 105.
Number Profiles
JJA: 187.
1982−1994
JJA: 105.
Number Profiles
SON: 175.
1982−1994
SON: 108.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Paramaribo (2000−2010)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 93.5
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 105.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 106.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 111.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Sancristobal (1998−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 67.5
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 85.6
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 95.1
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 110.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Nairobi (1996−2010)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 132.
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 147.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 144.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 146.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Natal (1995−2010)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 113.
1980−1994DJF: 18.3
Number Profiles
MAM: 115.
1980−1994
MAM: 29.3
Number Profiles
JJA: 126.
1980−1994
JJA: 44.3
Number Profiles
SON: 132.
1980−1994
SON: 38.4
−50 −20 0 20 50
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Fig. 5: continued
18
Ascension (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 121.
1990−1994DJF: 15.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 132.
1990−1994
MAM: 16.7
Number Profiles
JJA: 125.
1990−1994
JJA: 22.6
Number Profiles
SON: 156.
1990−1994
SON: 34.5
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 121.
1990−1994DJF: 15.7
Number Profiles
MAM: 132.
1990−1994
MAM: 16.7
Number Profiles
JJA: 125.
1990−1994
JJA: 22.6
Number Profiles
SON: 156.
1990−1994
SON: 34.5
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 121.Number Profiles
MAM: 123.
1990−1994
JJA: 24.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 141.
Number Profiles
SON: 162.
Java (1998−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 48.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 53.0
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 66.0
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 72.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 48.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 53.0
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 66.0
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 72.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 48.0Number Profiles
MAM: 60.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 75.0
Number Profiles
SON: 57.0
Samoa (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 115.
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 120.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 118.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 121.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 115.
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 120.
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 118.
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 121.
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 116.Number Profiles
MAM: 114.
Number Profiles
JJA: 144.
Number Profiles
SON: 123.
Fiji (1997−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 64.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 88.9
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 78.8
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 75.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 64.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 88.9
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 78.8
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 75.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 64.0Number Profiles
MAM: 63.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 72.0
Number Profiles
SON: 72.0
Reunion (1998−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 73.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 95.0
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 87.0
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 89.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 73.0
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 95.0
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 87.0
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 89.0
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 73.0Number Profiles
MAM: 90.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 66.0
Number Profiles
SON: 90.0
Fig. 5: continued
19
Broadmeadows (1999−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 56.3
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 75.8
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 79.8
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 78.9
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 56.3
1980−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 75.8
1980−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 79.8
1980−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 78.9
1980−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 56.9Number Profiles
MAM: 71.8
Number Profiles
JJA: 84.0
Number Profiles
SON: 69.0
Lauder (1995−2008)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 139.
1986−1994DJF: 47.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 154.
1986−1994
MAM: 40.1
Number Profiles
JJA: 144.
1986−1994
JJA: 60.1
Number Profiles
SON: 172.
1986−1994
SON: 86.6
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 139.
1986−1994DJF: 47.6
Number Profiles
MAM: 154.
1986−1994
MAM: 40.1
Number Profiles
JJA: 144.
1986−1994
JJA: 60.1
Number Profiles
SON: 172.
1986−1994
SON: 86.6
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1986−1994DJF: 48.8
Number ProfilesDJF: 140.
1986−1994
MAM: 42.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 143.
1986−1994
JJA: 94.4
Number Profiles
JJA: 143.
1986−1994
SON: 80.1
Number Profiles
SON: 189.
Macquarie (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 90.0
1994−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 109.
1994−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 110.
1994−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 102.
1994−1994
SON: 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 90.0
1994−1994DJF: 0.00
Number Profiles
MAM: 109.
1994−1994
MAM: 0.00
Number Profiles
JJA: 110.
1994−1994
JJA: 0.00
Number Profiles
SON: 102.
1994−1994
SON: 0.00
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 91.3Number Profiles
MAM: 98.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 104.
Number Profiles
SON: 95.4
Marambio (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 49.1
1988−1994DJF: 27.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 35.9
1988−1994
MAM: 31.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 108.
1988−1994
JJA: 44.8
Number Profiles
SON: 124.
1988−1994
SON: 95.8
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 49.1
1988−1994DJF: 27.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 35.9
1988−1994
MAM: 31.0
Number Profiles
JJA: 108.
1988−1994
JJA: 44.8
Number Profiles
SON: 124.
1988−1994
SON: 95.8
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1988−1994DJF: 28.6
Number ProfilesDJF: 49.9
1988−1994
MAM: 30.0
Number Profiles
MAM: 37.2
1988−1994
JJA: 65.1
Number Profiles
JJA: 145.
1988−1994
SON: 99.0
Number Profiles
SON: 143.
Syowa (1995−2009)
0 2 4 61000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 176.
1980−1994DJF: 62.2
Number Profiles
MAM: 164.
1980−1994
MAM: 60.1
Number Profiles
JJA: 227.
1980−1994
JJA: 64.1
Number Profiles
SON: 266.
1980−1994
SON: 126.
−50 −20 0 20 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1401000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 176.
1980−1994DJF: 62.2
Number Profiles
MAM: 164.
1980−1994
MAM: 60.1
Number Profiles
JJA: 227.
1980−1994
JJA: 64.1
Number Profiles
SON: 266.
1980−1994
SON: 126.
0 200 400 600 800
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
1980−1994DJF: 63.5
Number ProfilesDJF: 177.
1980−1994
MAM: 32.2
Number Profiles
MAM: 226.
1980−1994
JJA: 80.5
Number Profiles
JJA: 269.
1980−1994
SON: 113.
Number Profiles
SON: 267.
Neumayer (1995−2009)
0 2 4 6
Ozone (ppmv)
1000
100
10
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 215.
1992−1994DJF: 16.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 182.
1992−1994
MAM: 18.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 242.
1992−1994
JJA: 25.3
Number Profiles
SON: 361.
1992−1994
SON: 42.3
−50 −20 0 20 50
Difference (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
100 Number ProfilesDJF: 215.
1992−1994DJF: 16.1
Number Profiles
MAM: 182.
1992−1994
MAM: 18.6
Number Profiles
JJA: 242.
1992−1994
JJA: 25.3
Number Profiles
SON: 361.
1992−1994
SON: 42.3
0 200 400 600 800
Ozone (ppbv)
−4
−2
0
2
4
Rel
. Alti
tude
(hP
a)
Number ProfilesDJF: 216.
1992−1994
MAM: 22.8
Number Profiles
MAM: 202.
1992−1994
JJA: 28.7
Number Profiles
JJA: 304.
1992−1994
SON: 43.1
Number Profiles
SON: 298.
Fig. 5: continued
20
NH Polar East
20 40 60 801000
600
400
300
200
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 871
Total
MAM 498
Total
JJA 438
Total
SON 531
LerwickNy_AlesundScoresbysund
10 50 10 50
NH Polar West
20 40 60 80
TotalDJF 882
Total
MAM 540
Total
JJA 486
Total
SON 525
AlertEurekaResolute
10 50 10 50
Canada
20 40 60 801000
600
400
300
200
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 604
Total
MAM 594
Total
JJA 564
Total
SON 543
ChurchillEdmontonGoose_bay
10 50 10 50
Western Europe
20 40 60 80
TotalDJF 2880
Total
MAM 2850
Total
JJA 2994
Total
SON 2919
DebiltHohenpeissenbergLegionowoLindenbergPayernePrahaUccle
10 50 10 50
Eastern US
20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
600
400
300
200
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 397
Total
MAM 414
Total
JJA 507
Total
SON 405
HuntsvilleWallops_Island
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
Japan
20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
TotalDJF 364
Total
MAM 303
Total
JJA 282
Total
SON 315
KagoshimaTateno
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
Fig. 6: Altitude distributions (median) of ozone soundings averaged for different seasons and re-
gions in the Northern Hemisphere between 1995 and 2011. Different colors indicate different sea-
sons. The total number of profiles used for each season and region is shown on the top left of each
panel. The stations entering the profiles are noted in the lower right of each panel. The half-width
of the distribution (left) and the interannual variability (right) of each averaged profile are illustrated
on two sub-plots on the right of each panel. The half-width of the distribution is defined here as the
range of the 25th and 75th percentile of the regionally-aggregated ozone distribution (calculated as:
(75th percentile - 25th percentile)/2). The interannual variability is defined as the range of the 5th and
95th percentile of the annual median ozone value (calculated as: (95th percentile - 5th percentile)/2)
for all seasons and regions.
21
NH Subtropic
0 20 40 60 801000
600
400
200
100
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 413
Total
MAM 447
Total
JJA 510
Total
SON 438
HiloHongkongNaha
10 50 10 50
W−Pacific/E−Indian Ocean
0 20 40 60 80
TotalDJF 268
Total
MAM 276
Total
JJA 348
Total
SON 330
FijiWatukosekSamoa
10 50 10 50
equat.Americas
0 20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
600
400
200
100
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 164
Total
MAM 165
Total
JJA 207
Total
SON 198
ParamariboSancristobal
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
Atlantic/Africa
0 20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
TotalDJF 382
Total
MAM 393
Total
JJA 429
Total
SON 432
AscensionNairobiNatal
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
SH Midlat
20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
1000
600
400
300
200
Alti
tude
(hP
a)
TotalDJF 317
Total
MAM 327
Total
JJA 345
Total
SON 378
LauderMacquarie
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
SH Polar
20 40 60 80
Ozone (ppbv)
TotalDJF 578
Total
MAM 570
Total
JJA 927
Total
SON 930
MarambioNeumayerSyowa
10 50
H−Width (%)
10 50
Interan. (%)
Fig. 7: As Figure 6, but showing regions in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere.
References
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23