DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 098 988IR 001 374

TITLE The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation Annual Report1973/74.

INSTITUTION John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, New York, N.Y.PUB DATE Dec 74NOTE 86p.

PDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-S4.20 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS *Annual Reports; *Coamunications; Educational

Technology; *Foundation Programs; *Grants;Instructional Media; Journalism; Mass Media; MediaResearch; *Medical Research; Private FinancialSupport; Program Descriptions; Social Sciences;Television Research

ABSTRACTThe John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, chartered in1927 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and thegeneral good of mankind, currently conducts a program to strengthen

educational use of the mass media and communications technology. Thefoundation's annual report begins with the president's essay on thehistory, philosophy, and the potential of communications technologyin education. There follows a review of the foundation's currentprograms which include grants in the areas of television for specialinterest audiences, public interest and communications, socialscience research, journalism, and various related educationalprograms. Publications growing out of these programs are listed. Thethird section is a summary of activities and publications of each ofthe foundation's scholars in academic medicine, a program which hasjust completed its final year. The final section is the treasurer'sreport, which includes financial statements and a list of grantees.(Author/1S)

THE 51

JOHN &MARY R.MARKLEFOUNDATIONANNUALREPORT1973/74

U.S DEPARTMENT Of NE At TN,EDUCATION& WELFARE**a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OS

EDUCATIONII-41S DOomENT HAS EVEN REPkort% nucEn rctty AS RE(FivE0 PROM1 HE PERSON OR OROANITAt ION oRic,INn A rtNa !T POWYS Or %flew OR OPit4104%STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPREsiNTOrFeCtAt. NArrONAL INSsiruTE OFfr.DuCAssON ItOSt I ,Okt OR POLICY

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The John & Mary R. Markk. Foundation. 50 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10020 (212) 265-2795

MEMBERS&DIRECTORS 101 COPt AVNUOILE

WILLIAM M. REES. Chairman Chairman mul PresidentChubb & Son, Inc.

1,\ RVIS CROMWELL. Treasurer Director.. EmeritusDan R;ver Mills. Inc.

STUART W. CRAGIN

D. RONALD DANIEL nirectorMc Kinsey & Company, 11W.

DANIEL I'. DAVISON'_ .

Senior Vice PresidentMorgan Guaranty Trust Company

F. WARREN I 1ELLMAN PresidentLehman Brothers. Inc.

M A%1MII,I AN W. KEMPN ER PartnerWebster Sheffield Fleischman!! 11 itchcock & Brookfield

',RTR U DE G. M ICI I ELSON Senior Vice PresidentMacy's New York

LLOYD N. MORRISKIT PresidentThe John & Mary R. Markle Foundation

WALTER 11. PAGE."

JAMES C. prrNEy

RIC1 LARD E. STEWART

'Elected June, 1974 "Resigned June, 1974

PresidentMorgan Guaranty 'Frust Company

Part nerPitney. Hardin & Kipp

Senior Vice President and DirectorChubb & Son. Inc.

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ADMINISTRATIVESTNIT

I.1.011) N. NIORRISEFT

PAULINE IL BROOKS'

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President

Secretary

FORREST P. CIIISMAN Executive Assistant

KANDACE M. LAMS.' Assistant to the President

MARY M. TAYLOR Program Assistant

MARY ANN WI IITEllEAD Assistant "Freasurer

'Resigned February, 1974 ''Appointed June, 1974

4 THEMARKLEFOUNDATION

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The John & Mary R. Markle Foundation waschartered in 1927 to promote the advancementand diffusion of knowledge and...the generalgood of mankind." The founder. John Markle, wasborn in NM. The son of an anthracite operator, hegrew up in liazleton. Pennsylvania, and graduatedfrom Lafayette College in IMO with a degree inmining engineering. The following fall, at theage of twenty-one, 1w was put in charge of the firmhis father had founded. George R. Markle &Com-pany. Ile had a long and successful career as headof one of the largest independent anthracite gyra-tions in the country and became nationally knownas the builder of the five-mile Jeddo drainagetunnel that reclaimed mines inundated by the1886 floods.

'In 1902 Mr. Markle and his wife, the former MaryE. Kobinson, moved to New York City where he

devoted himself to his financial interests and tophilanthropy. Ile established the Foundation withan initial endowment of $9 million which waslater increased to approximately $15 million bythe terms of his will.

Until Mr. Mat . death in 1993 and for a shorttime after, the F(.1.1,nition made grants for socialwelfare. From 19:1' s947, emphasis was on grantsfor medical reseurai and between 1947-1969 themajor program v..vs one of awards to Sho!ars inAcademic Medicine. The goal of the current pro-gram is to strengthen educational uses of the massmedia and communications technology, Appro-priations total approximately $2 million a year,

Printed annual retorts covering the Foundation'sactivities have been issued since 1936. Those ofrecent years are available on request.

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THE PRESIDENTS ESSAYCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

REVIEW OF PROGRAMIN MASS COMMUNICATIONSDESCRIPTION OF GRANTSPUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM GRANTS

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THE SECRETARY'S REPORTFOUNDATION MEETINGSSCHOLARS IN ACADEMIC MEDICINE

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THE TREASURERS REPORTAUDI'TOR'S STATEMF NT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

APPROPRIATIONSADDRESSES OF GRANTEES

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THEPRESIDENTSESSAY

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commiTNIcAnoNsTECHNOLOGYAND EDUCATION'

The ,.,......ptance and use of mass communica-tions in daily life and their lack of acceptanceand ose within education is a paradox of ourtimes. For most Americans the technolop,ies ofmass communications have become necessitiesas well as luxuries. For example. the explosivegrowth and spread of television in the U.S.A.since World %ar 11 is well known. Today over951'; of American households in all regions ofthe country and of all income levels own atleast one television set.

Although television has received the most at-tention as a nwdium of mass communications,the other media have also grown. Radio, oncethought to he doomed by television, has devel-oped new formats fOr music, news and talkprograms. Radio now serves many extremelyloyal audiences. The number of radio stationsserving the country has more than doubledsince 1950-going from 2.1-100 to over 7,000,while the number of radius in use has growneven fasterlimn about 100 million in 1950 toover 370 million.

Motion pictures, once thought to be doomedby television. have become a mainstay of thetelevision diet. Moreover, they are doing wellin many motion picture theaters. In addition tothis, films have become an art form for everyman thanks to the availability of relativelyinexpensive hand-held cameras. some nowwith built-in sound. The rise in high school andcollege courses for filmmaking has been spec-tacular. The recording industry has also pros-

Based on pall in Mori ivnt. I.10%d N., *Trchnology,Ilinsianimn and Higher. Education." in increaming_Pro.ductivitv in Risher Education. Educational 'fistingScrice. 197.1.

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pered. Vast numbers of records are manufac-tured and distributedpopular and classicalmusic, poetry and drama. Video cassettes Owuse on home television setsonly recent'vavailable at competitive pricesmake thehome set even more versatile.

Although it is not often thought of as such, thecomputer has also become part of the com-munications technology surrounding us. Thetechniques by which we can communicateeffectiv .vith computers have steadily been

to the point wh:re there are nowcomputer languages for many purposes. Someof these computer languages can be learnedeasily by elementary school students. As tech-nicoes or timesharing are making it possible formany people to use the computer at one time,the computer is becoming a medium of masscommunications.

Newer technologies are still being developed.Cable antenna television is now installed inmore than 10'4 of American homes, and satel-lite communication for television and otherpurposes is rapidly coming. Apparently there isno end to the development and proliferation ofmass communication technologies for recre-ation and for 'Airiness,

Although these same technologies have beenwidely heralded as having great educationalpotential, they have made comparatively littleimpact within education. The computer pro-vides a typical example of what has happened.However, this example could be almost dupli-cated by case studies of the use of radio,television or video cassettes within education.During the 1950's and 1960's when the com-puter was being developed as a great tool forthe sciences and business, many thought it alsoheld great promise for education. There wasalso widespread initial enthusiasm amongteachers and administrators at all educationallevels. Computer manufacturers suggested that

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the computer would have broad applicationwithin education, and a few early practical useswere planned. Unfortunately these were fre-quently underfinanced and inadequatelyplanned. Subsequently it was realized that thecomputer did not fit conveniently within thetypical school system. Computers were con-sidered difficult to use; they were expensive;they were hard to maintain properly. After theinitial enthusiamn many educational adminis-trators became disillusioned. The few success-ful uses of communications technology withineducation are unfortunately not the rule. Onemust conclude that the new communicationstechnologies have had relatively little impactthus far.

Some evidence continues to suggest that com-munications technologies may have an impor-tant future role within education. Thetriumphs of electronic technology outside for-mal education are constant reminders to edu-cators of a seemingly limitless potential. A fewsuccessful, though limited and isolated, useswithin education show that poetical resultsare passible. A new way of looking at commu-nications technologies and education may helpresolve the present paradox of acceptance in dailylife and apparent rejection within education.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF EDUCATION

The debate about greater use of modern com-munications technologies within educationoften misses the point. On the one side arethose who insist in the name of efficiency andscience that educators should make greater useof modern communications technologies. Theother side replies that they have tried withoutmuch success. The issue can, however,. be putquite differently. Education today can beviewed as being based on a single technologythat of print. The question then becomeswhether or not new technologies should beadded to or integrated with the present printtechnIngv of education If the issue is seen as

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the integration and addition of new technolo-gies to a traditional technology, rather thanadopting mullet hing new in place of the tradi-tional, difiertmt questions cm then be examined.

Before looking at these issues it is necessary tohave a very clear understanding of what ismeant by "technology." The definition givenby Harvey Brooks. Dean of Engineering andApplied Science at Harvard, is instructive:"...technology is essentially a specifiable andreproducible way of doing things. It is nothardware but knowledge, including the knowl-edge not only of how to fabricat. hardware topredetermined specifications and functions,but also of how to design administrative proc-esses and organizations to carry out specifiedfunctions and to influence human behaviortoward specified ends. The key element in alltechnology is the capacity to specify how to dosomething in a publicly communicable andreproducible way. The term. 'technology,' doesnot specify the whole domain of human actionbut only that part which can be communicatedand specified in a replicable way. Thus itexcluden many human skills and arts which atleast at the present time cannon be codified butmust be Learned from experience and by doing."'

When this definition is applied to education wefind that education has a very highly devel-oped technology. It is based on print combinedwith lectures and discussions. The textbook,teacher's manual, or other form of printedmaterial is at the heart of this technology. Apart of this technology is the publishing in-dustry with its editors, publishers, salesmenand administrative organizations necessary toprocure, manufacture and distribute books.The authors who supply materials for educa-tional publishing are also a part of the technol-ogy, as are the teachers who use the material.

'Brooks. liartry. -The Tram° lop of /wt.(' Growth'.in Daedalus. Fall 1973, -Thy No4;rowth Soviet p. 1:19,

At the college level, the campus bookstore andthe library are another part of this technologyof printmaking available texts and readingmaterial to students and professors alike. At theelementary and secondary school level thereare similar ways of getting textbooks in thehands of the students who need them. It is notthe purpose here to analyze systematically thetechnology of print as it spreads across theentire educational system. It is only necessaryto see that if technology is considered asknowledge in Harvey Brooks' definition, thenall formal schooling is, practically speaking.organized around the technology of print. Theschool, the library, the bookstore, the publish-er, are all complementary and reinforcingstructures within this technology. It is highlydeveloped and the various parts of it reinforce!each other as well as serving the whole.

This technology is certainly not new. Until theinvention of the printing press in the fifteenthcentury, instruction was verbal. Once printedmaterials cou i be acquired, the tradition ofverbal instrue.u.1 began to incorporate thenewer print technology. In the succeeding fourhundred years this evolution has led to a highlysophisticated and developed technology inwhich verbal instruction is closely allied witharta dependent upon print technology.

When technology is considered as the knowl-edge that leads to a specifiable and reproduc-ible way of doing things, it can readily be seenthat technology is vital to education. Without atechnology, education would be entirely a hitor miss affair. There would be no way oftraining teachers to do their tasks. Rather, eachteacher would have to approach his job afreshwithout the benefit of the experience of those,who have gone' before him. He would not fxsupported in his task by a publishing industryor a teacher- education industry. Not onlywould this be extremely difficult from the

teacher's point of view, it would be impossiblefrom the point of view of society. Society isintent upon seeing that there is a certain degreeof uniformity in the education of young people.This implies a technology which allows educa-tion to proceed in a reproducible manner.

Understanding that education is based on ahighly developed and sophisticated technolo-gy, we can begin to as what 'are ...one of theinherent advantages and ;imitlth ,ns of thepresent technology. This approach le's oneexplore the possible advantages and limitationsof new technologies that might be' integratedwith the present technology ofeducation. If thepresent technology is adequate for the fullrange of educational objectives and is at least asinexpensive as any other technology, then therewould be little reason to change. If, however, itis found that the present technology of educa-tion is not fully adequate or is not as efficient asit might be, then there would be reason toexplore carefully the advantage of adding newtechnologies to the present system.

THE DOMAIN OF EDUCATIONAccording to Lawrence Cremin's definition.the concept of education is broad. He define itas , . deliberate, systematic and sustainedeffort to transmit, evoke or acquire knowledge,attitudes, values, skills, and sensibilities."' Allinstitutions of education aspire to accomplishat least part of what Cremin calls education.but they vary greatly in the direction of theiraim and their ability to achieve! it. For exam-ple. casual examination of college catalogsshows wide differences in emphasis on kno wl-edge. attitudes, values, skills and sensibilities.The research of the past fifteen years on insti-tutions of higher education bears out these

'(:rends. Lawrence A.. American v,ducation: The(;c4cinialy.xperic.-nce 1ti0771.7:4, New fork: arpei andRow, 1970, p. xiii.

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12differc.nces although not always confirmingwhat the college catalogs say.

For the most part, the residential liberal artscollege takes the transmission of attitudes.values at sensibilities as a more serious part ofits effort than does or can the commuter collegeor the correspondence school. Two-year voca-tional colleges take the transmission of skillsmore seriously than the liberal arts institutions.Colleges with religious orientations and tradi-tions often place more emphasis on attitudesand values than do their secular counterparts.These differences among colleges are mirroredin the differences among elementary and stc-ondary schools,

Of far greater importance than these dif-ferences among institutions of education is thefact that all of them utilize a single commontechnology and, as a result. base their approachto learning on a verbal model. The medievalteacher talking to his students has become themodern professor or teacher lecturing to hisclass and assigning readings. The teacher pre-sents a verbal codification and abstraction ofexperience to his students. Even though wemight agree that experience is the best teach-erallowing learning and understanding inunequaled breadth, depth and richnessit isimpossible, i n4pract ical and inefficient to try tohave students fully experience history, eco-nomics, mathematics, social studies, scienceand the other subjects of education. We, ofnecessity, codify experience in verbal form forits transmission to students. In the process ofverbal codification some things are more fullycaptured than others. The verbal codificationof experience deals more easily with knowledgedefined as information than with values, atti-tudes and sensibilities. Words cap transmitknowledge about values. attitudes and sensi-bilities but the values, attitudes and sensibili-ties themselves are something apart front anddifferent from knowledge about them. The

philosopher, D.T. Suzuki, said, The intellect isafter all the spectator and when it does somework it is a hireling for better or worse.'"Choosing a verbal model for the transmissionof knowledge has meant some inherent loss inthe capacity to transmit other human qualities.The ideal of the liberally educated person hasnever been sing :4 that of the knowledge ma-chine but rather a person who combinesknowledge with values, attitudes, skills andsensibilities and is able to employ his intellectin the service of his own and others* humanity.

The technology cif print and lecture is highlyefficient in the transmission of knowledge. Aswe have seen, it is also a technology that isextensive and sophisticated in its developmentand extremely familiar to all involved in theeducational process. This very familiaritytends to blind us to some of its limitations, Theverbal tradition of education is like the air webreathe. We don't notice it unless we catch acold or the pollution level becomes so high thatour attention is directed in detail to the air andour breathing apparatus.

Each of the new technologies of communica-tions is very likely to have its own set ofcharacteristics and these will be different insome degree from the characteristics of thetechnology of lecture and print. just as there issome possibility of loss when a lecture istranslated into print, there would be the possi-bility of other losses if lectures or texts weresimply translated into television, radio, orother terms. The textbook transmits knowledgemore efficiently than the teacher, but textbooksare notoriously dry, and dull, and ineffective intransmitting skills and sensibilities. The lecturebroadcast by radio or recorded on a cassetteomits the visual image of the teacher and alongwith it some of the ability to transmit nonver-

'Suzuki, LIT.. Essay on Zen Buddhism, London:Luzuk and Co., 1927 in Karen Homey. Neurosis andHuman Growth, New York: W.W. Norton, 1950, p. 183.

bal aspects of experience. The televisionbroadcast captures the visual image of theteacher but does not allow the interaction, bothverbally and nonverbally, between the goodteacher and his students. The computer caninteract to a degree with the student, but itcannot deal with an individual's emotions.

Relatively few people argue that radio ortelevision or film should be used simply torecord the teacher or the textbook though thesesimple and direct applications of technologyhave been madeo ccasicr,ally quite success-fully. Sitting in front of a television set at aconvenient time to watch a good lecturer canbe a more satisfactory experience than sittingin the back row of a large lecture hall listeningto the same lecturer in person at eight o'clock inthe morning. The highly motivated studentwho needs to review a critical demonstrationthat he has missed may be more than glad tolisten to a recorded version of the demonstra-tion available in the library. Factors of motiva-tion, convenience and necessity may all con-tribute to make the student resigned or, indeed,pleased to have the opportunity for learning inthis way through technology rather thanthrough the direct experience of his instructor.

THE POTENTIALOF NEW TECHNOLOGYThe new technologies of communication can,however, be more than this. These technologiesallow one to record, edit, and mix sources.They can thus add very substantially to whatthe instructor does in the classroom or what isput into a textbook. These additions to theinstructional process can possibly combat someof the ineffectiveness of words in transmittingskills, attitudes, values and sensibilities. Wherewords alone convey only poorly the excitement,fear and sudden rush of the stomach into thethroat from a ride on a roller coaster, a super-wide screen and associated sound effects can doit very well. A text of John Kennedy's inaugu-

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ral speech conveys little of the drama andimpact of the ewcasion. When this history ispresented through a recording or televisedpresentation. understanding and experienceare greatly enriched. In a recent issue of theYak Alumni Magazine Michael Lesy dis-cussed his work in joining photographs withwords. He wrote, "Pictures are just a level ofdata w hich to me is awesome. and which has acompleteness which astounds me. But they arcstill incomplete. I mean I can show you aphotograph of the World War II surrender onboard the Missouri, but unless I can lay on youthe diplomatic cables that were involved. youstill won't understand it. The whole thing isarrangementthe whole thing is the choice ofthose details which put together will call tm thesmell, the sunlight, the sound, the thought, thepredictions, the whole shebang...,"'

Although we are aware that each of the newtechnologies is likely to have its own charac-teristics and we can understand vaguely whatthese characteristics may be. we have very littlereal knowledge of the details and what theyimply for education. Most research on the useof television or radio or computers in educationhas not been very analytic. It is not veryhelpful, for instance, to study whether or not atelevision lecture will be as effective as a lecturegiven in person. We will never begin to realizethe potentials of the new technologies if we lookonly at their present applications within thefield of education. In addition we must look athow these technologies have been developed intheir most advanced uses, For example. thepotential of computers and their uniquecharacteristics are best understood by thosewho have a thorough knowledge of their scien-tific applications. The characteristics of televi-sion are best understood by those who arethoroughly fiuniliar with the creative applia-

IA'Sy. Michael. -The Mystery of Time Past.- Yale.Alumni Nlagozine..pril 1S)74, p.

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tion of television in its entertainment and newsforms. These applications of technology out-side the field of education are not in themselvessufficient to determine how the technologiesmight be applied within education. Commer-cial television or the scientific applications ofcomputers are, however, indicative of some ofthe inherent characteristics of television andcomputers. Moreover, commercial televisionand the computer as used in the sciences showus these technologies at their most sophisticat-ed level of development.

The children's television program "SesameStreet" is one example of an attempt to adaptthe entertainment form of commercial televi-sion to educational purpose. (.;erald Lesser hasrecorded the history of "Sesame Street" andsome of the research on it in Lessons fromSesate..!!itreet: In doing so he has cataloguedsonic of the characteristics of television thatmight be applied to education and how thesecharacteristics might be used. As a beginning,Lesser points out that all communicationsmedia have their own conventions. Books havetheir conventions. They are written in sen-tences that in the Western world read from leftto right and from the top of the page to thebottom. The sentence's are combined in para-graphs and the paragraphs in chapters usuallyindicating convenient places for the reader topause without losing the development of athought. The conventions of print operate toorganize the material for the reader and allowthe reader to anticipate certain regularities. Thesame is true with the conventions of television.

Some television conventions are extremelycommonplace as, for example. loud music ormusic in a minor key, dramatic pauses, thecamera zooming in, or the motion stopping at agiven point. The producers of "Sesame Street"

21..esser. Gerald ti.. Children and Television: Lessonsfront Ssam Street. Random Maim. 1974.

have shown that these and other televisionconventions can be used as cues for learning.Words appearing above a character's head canindicate that the character is thinking andworking on solving a problem. The full range oftelevision conventions is vet to be explored. Wedo not know how to use zoom-in techniques aseffective learning devices. Cali slow motion beused effectively to help the learner more sys-tematically analyze an event? Can the showingof two things simultaneously on the split screenof television begin to teach the individual todevelop a comparative mode of thought?

When production techniques are added tocamera techniques Lesser shows that televisionpresents an imposing range of areas to explorefor their potential to stimulate learning. Onevery important way that children and adultslearn is simply by watching other people andimitating their behavior. The producers of"Sesame Street" have found that models ofphysical behavior. facial expressions, verbalcommunication, and social attitudes can all beused successfully on television to encouragesimilar behavior by children. A carefully cho-sen example of cooperative action between twochildren is more likely to produce similarbehavior in the child viewer than any amountof talk about the importance of cooperation,Television can also be used to focus on therelevant aspects of something to be learned.When an unfamiliar subject is approached, weall have great difficulty in discriminating be-tween the relevant and the irrelevant. Aslearning proceeds we gain in the ability to pickout the important. Television can aid in theprocess by focusing on the important thingsearly in the learning process. The list of televi-sion techniques that can be brought to bear onlearning also includes; using sight and sound toreinforce learning; proceeding from the famil-iar to tie unfamiliar; showing events takingplace in the real world; using repetition with orwithout variation to the extent the learner

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needs it; using surprise and humor; usinganimated effects to exaggerate, caricature, oremphasize; using music to catch attention oraid memory. Over th .rt y different uses of musichave been part c. "Sesame Street." Theyinclude "frustrati.m" music and "detection"music, as well as jungle" music.

A great deal ruore research is needed in thecreative use 0. new communications technolo-gies for education. Despite the advances inunderstanding in the use of television for youngchildren made by "Sesame Street," the pro-ducers of that program would be the first tostate that they are only beginning to under-stand how television can be used effectively inthe education of young children. In another tenor twenty years we should be able to look backon "Sesame Street" as a relative!y crude begin-ning in the effective of television for teach-ing young children,

EXPLORING THE EDUCATIONALPOTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGYIf we are to understand the full potential ofnewtechnologies as well as their limitations, wemust have specific plans for exploring thesepotentials. Today far too many attempts tointroduce new technology in education simplyinvolve using the new technology to do what isalready being done by a teacher or by text-books. Projects involving new technologiesshould have two purposesthe full exploitationof the technology chosen and the production ofbeneficial educational results. For example,television might be used to teach methods ofimproved health care to young adults, or toteach the adult and aging population about theproblems of retirement and aging. The powerof computers to teach medical diagnosis mightbe explored. Film offers exciting opportunitiesfor teaching junior high school history. Eachcombination of content, specific audience, andtechnology suggests its own set of problems inthe adoption of that technology for education.

In each of thew.. examples it would be necessaryto bring several groups of people together inorder to carry out the work creatively andeffectively. Obviously it would be important toinclude experts in the subject to be taught. Thecontributions of academic expert. and teacherspractically involved with the subject are vital.They would need to be joined by experts in thetechnology to be used. It would be best toinclude people who are currently making themost creative and sophisticated uses of thetechnology. This would mean in television, forexample, calling on producers of entertain-ment shows, animators, and documentarians aswell as those who produce the commercials.Researchers are also necessary if we are fully tounderstand what happens as a new technologi-cal approach to education is developed. Whenproducers and content experts first get togetherto produce a new program. they naturally relyon experience and intuition in determiningwhat to do and how to use the technology.Research can give feedback to the experts asthey proceed and therefore lead to improvedjudgment. Without this research component,new projects in technology remain creativeendeavors and add little to systematic under-standing of how technology can best be used.

This plan to bring together content experts,technology experts, and the appropriate re-searchers is very difficult to achieve success-fully. All three groups of people come fromquite different traditions. Content experts or-dinarily feel that they already know how toteach the subject involved. They are the oneswho have studied the subject and who havebeen practically involved in teaching it. Peoplein research believe that they can best approachthe desgn of a new curriculum project for theyunderstand the research techniques needed toprovide the evidence on which to proceed.Similarly, technological experts look withskepticism on the involvement of content ex-perts and researchers for, after all, people who

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are familiar with the technology best under-stand how to use the potential of that technol-ogy to accomplish the job. Uniting these threegroups of people in a productive project willnot be easy. It will take time for the partici-pants to learn to talk and understand eachother. However, as the different groups dolearn to work together, decisions about how toproceed should be made more easily. In addi-tion to time, investment and commitment areessential. The period necessary for bringingtogether groups of people from different tradi-tions and backgrounds is to be measured inyears rather than months or weeks and the costin hundreds of taousands of dollars. It cannotbe expected that the job will be accomplishedwithout strain and difficulty.

FACTORS LIMITINGTHE USE OFNEW TECHNOLOGY

Several factors have limited the integrationand use of the new electronics communicationstechnology in education, The first of these isthe combination of inertia and the resistance ofvested interests to the introduction of newtechniques. As we have seen, formal educationfrom kindergarten through graduate school know based primarily on the single technolopof print and lecture. This technology is builtinto the structure of education. The mainconventional argument for the use of newtechnologies has been that they can take overand do better some of the job of the presenteducational system, but little convincing evi-dence has been produced. It is also suggestedthat the we of new communications technolo-gy will lower the cost of education. Again, littleevidence has been produced to support thisclaim. Without evidence there is little reason toexpect taw these arguments will lead to changes.

It is pc,ssible, however, that some reassessmentof the nature of education will indicate thatnew technologies have a vital place. The pres-ent sIrstem of education concentrates very

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heavily on the transfer of information. Onlylimited attempt:. ire made to deal with otherareas of education, such as the development ofvalues, skills, sensibilities and attitudes. If edu--!ation is to make a serious attempt to ac-mmplish its goals, it must make not only thenest use of teachers but also the best use ofmodern technology. Bringing images, sightand sound into the classroom will help teachersapproximate experience and remove some ofthe abstraction and unreality that can pervadethe schoolroom. Teachers and technology incombination can better expose students to thewide range of stimuli necessary to fully developskills, attitudes, sensibilities and values, as wellas knowledge.

It is often suggested that a greater use of newtechnology will mean a substantial loss ineducational quality. Behind this claim is theidea that technology is a dehumanizing agentin education and that its widespread use willincrease the alienation that is already tooprevalent between students and teachers. Itmust be recognized that to some extent the useof any technology in education is dehumaniz-ing. The codification and abstraction of expe-rience in some form of technology is absolutelynecessary ;or a system of education, but its useis a substitution for direct experience. As aresult some of the human qualities of experi-ence are likely to be diminished.

The relatively efficient transmission of knowl-edge is gained at the cost of reducing capacityfor the transmission of other human qualities.The best teachers, by their manner and ex-ample, are able to transmit or evoke thosequalities of education that tend to be lost inmere words. This ability is precisely one of thethings that sets apart the master teachertheperson who is a bit of a poet, a performer, anactor, a mimicfrom the person who is unableto add very much to the words he uses in histeaching. The argument made here is thatdifferent qualities are lost in different tech-

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nologies and that by using the full panoply oftechnology, rather than limiting education toone or a few, less will be lost. It is up to theschools to make the best use of all availabletechnologies in order to educate insofar aspossible across the full domain of information,attitudes, skills, sensibilities and values.

A closely related reason for the failure to makegreater use of new communications technolo-gies in education is a strong tendency to acceptpresent standards of performance as well as thelimitations of present procedures. We must seeif present standards can be raised and presentlimitations overcome. It must be admitted thatwe know relatively little about what is lost inthe verbal transmission of information andhow these losses can be overcome. More atten-tion should be paid to the inherent limitationsof verbal education. As this area is studied andclarified, we will be able to remedy deficiencies.

Very practically, one problem in using the newcommunications technology is that it may notbe appropriately designed for educational use.Since the current educational market for newcommunications technology is relatively small,little attention has been given to designinghardware and software for the educationalmarket. A simple example would be the use oftelevision in the classroom. The normal televi-sion set is designed for home use. It is to heviewed by one or at most five or six people whosit close by. In the ordinary classroom theremay be twenty or more students. The hometelevision set is not appropriate for classroomviewing. The deficiency is often made up bythe use of several television sets in the sameclassroom. This, too, is not the optimal viewingsituation. If the television signal were ampli-fied and projected onto a large screen, it couldbe viewed simultaneously and conveniently bymany people. There are some of these televi-sion projection systems in use, but they arc newand have not been developed to the point wherethey offer reliable and high quality pictures.

Not only is it necessary to design communica-tions technology specifically for educationaluse, but it is also important to achieve highstandards of quality. Communications tech-nology used in the classroom must be extreme-ly reliable and of high quality so that its usefacilitates and does not interfere in the educa-tional process. The breakdown of a projector ora television set in the classroom can destroy anotherwise well prepared hour or day of instruc-tion. Just as there are military grade specifica-tions for technology that are higher and pro-duce greater reliability than similarspecifications in the civilian sector, so educa-tional grade specifications are needed fir newcommunications technology if it is to receivewide acceptance in the educational system.Given our widely dispersed and autonomouseducational units at every educational level,this is an area in which the federal governmentcould play a vital role. The federal governmentmight well stimulate the necessary researchand development into the production of ap-propriate educational technology and set per-formance specifications.

MARSHALLING THE RESOURCES

All the foregoii! arguments imply that theeffective use of tow communications technolo-gies in educano;& will require substantial in-vestments in its development and in the explo-ration of its potential. These heavy investmentswill come in money, in manpower, and in atime perspective that will allow full explora-tion of the potential uses and appropriateintegration of new technologies with the pres-ent technology of print and lecture. Although ithas become trite to make comparisons betweenfederal education budgets and expenditures formilitary defense, the problems are not dissimi-lar in this case. A time span of five to ten yearsis often adopted for the development, funding,acquisition and implementation of a new de-fense system. If new educational technologyhas the potential that many people think it

BEST COPY AVAILABLEdoes, similar time spans and similar invest-ments will be needed. It cannot be expectedthat cities, school districts, or colleges anduniversities can cope with the long timeperiods, make the investments, or do the neces-sary planning. If new technology is to be usedeffectively, then it is vital that the federalgovernment :ake responsibility and plan ap-propriately. This will mean new mechanismsof federal planning and action as there is littlepast history of effective federal involvement inthis area.

In many ways this seems like an inopportunetime to discuss the use of new communicationstechnologies in education. Educational bud-gets are under severe strain in times of risingcosts, inflation, and resistance to increasedtaxation. The greater use of new communica-tions technologies will inevitably mean newcosts, and these are not easily assumed in timesof budgetary stringency. Particularly, they arenot easily assumed when there is little tosuggest that the new technologies will be help-ful. We have also entered the time of teachersurpluses, so there is not the same pressure toincrease educational output through the use oftechnology that existed only a few years ago.Now many teachers fear job loss. The proposi-tion that the new technologies will make edu-cation more efficient is seen as a threat to theirposition. It has been argued here that whilenew technology may improve efficiency ineducation, its more important use is to alloweducation to proceed more effectively across itsfull range of goals.

Our society is committed to education as a wayof life, This commitment makes it of funda-mental importance to examine carefully what-ever promises increased quality or efficiency ineducation. So far the new communicationstechnology has promise, but the promise hasnot been fulfilled. In our own interests and theinterests of those who are to be educated in thefuture, this potential deserves the most carefulinvestigation.

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20 REVIEWOF PROGRAMIN MASSCOMMUNICATIONS

INTRODUCTIONPROGRAM DIRECTIONSThe purpose of the Foundation's program is tostrengthen the educational effects of the mediaand communications technology. It is clearthat the media are playing an important role intoday's society by providing information,shaping attitudes and opinions, and influenc-ing our views of ourselves and the world. It isalso apparent that many people feel the mediacould, and should. render better service.

In its effort to improve the mass media, theFoundation supports programs that enrich thequality of journalism and television as well asprograms of research on the effects of the massmedia. The Foundation also funds projects onpublic policy issues. Other questions also needto be addressed. The Foundation has a generalinterest in all aspects of the meeia and plans tosupport a wick' range of efforts to improve masscommunications.

PROPOSALS

The Foundation does not have an applicationform for submitting a proposal. An informalletter outlining a project %sill permit an earlyjudgment about the possibility of support. Thef011owing infbrmation should be included inthis initial inquiry: the purpose for which aid issought, resources needed, personnel involved,and a description of methods to be used incompleting the project.

1973-74 APPROPRIATIONS

During the fiscal year July 1, 1973 throughJune 30, 1974, the members and directors ofthe Markle Foundation appropriated$2.053,997 for the program in mass communi-cations. Grants of $13,000 and over are de-scribed in this stction. All grams are listed inthe Appropriations section.

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TELEVISION FORSPECIAL INTERESTAUDIENCES

Understanding the particular programmingneeds of audiences with special interests andthen finding ways to communicate to theseaudiences has been a major focus of the MarkleFoundation throughout the five years it hasbeen active in mass communications. Sincemuch of commercial television is gearedtoward general audiences, it is important thatspecial interestswhether in art or in Oceanog-raphy -be served and that specific groups suchas children and non-English speaking audi-ences also be reached.

Last year, Markle Foundation President LloydN. Morrisett suggested that by attempting toidentify sizable special interest audiences,public television viewership on the whole couldbe increased. This role for public television wasspelled out by Mr. Morrisett in the President'sEssay, Rx for Public Television, which ap-peared in the 1972/73 Markle FoundationAnnual Report. The Foundation has made agrant to The Rand Corporation in support ofthis concept. Rand researchers are beginningtheir study by trying to identify some of themore obvious special interest audiences. Theywill then try to determine the scope of thepublic television audiences that may havethese special interests. Two other similar butsmaller studies are also being conducted withFoundation funds. The Political Science De-partment at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology is developing an inventory ofquestions typically used by researchers whohave studied a variety of public interests. AlsoEDUCOM (Interuniversity CommunicationsCouncil, Inc.) at Princeton is using its grant tobring together a group people who are in akosition to discuss sonic ref the methods thater.

22might aid in the definition of special interestaudiences as seen from the viewpoint of pro-gramming for public broadcasting.

The Foundation also has funded other projectsdesigned to serve either special interests orparticular groups of viewers. A grant to Lin-coln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. isfinancing an investigation of the feasibility oftransmitting live Lincoln Center performancesvia pay television. Another, to the Cable ArtsFoundation, Inc., is helping to finance thedevelopment of local arts programming forcable television. The Claremont GraduateSchool received funds for a project designed toincrease the effectiveness of a Spanish-lan-guage television station in Los Angeles. TheEducational Broadcasting Corporation hasalso received funds for a study of the viewinghabits, awareness of and attitudes toward pub-lic television in the Spanish-speaking commu-nity of New York City. Another Foundationeffort in this area focuses on the hospitalpatient. Details of the major grants are de-scribed below.

THE RANI) CORPORATION

The one-year grant of $35,000 made to The.and Corporation is a direct result of Mr.

Morrisett's essay which appeared in last year'sAnnual Report. In order to define, specialinterest audiences and then to serve them, somebasic data is essential. Under its Communica-tions Policy Program, Rand is researching anumber of problems involved in defining spe-cial interest audiences. A second aspect of theRand work is to estimate the size of thesespecial interest audiences once they have beenidentified.

To define special audience interests. Rand isusing such existing information as the circula-tion of specialized publications, for instance,Opera News and Auto Racing Digest.

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Attendance at certain public events as well asequipment sales to the golfer, the cellist or thesculptor, for example, will also furnish basicdata on the nature of special audiences. Mail-ing lists and memberships in organizations areother indications of specialized audience inter-ests. By assessing the level of consumer activityin a variety of specializes' areas, the researchershope to obtain an indication of the geographicand demographic distribution of these specialinterest audiences as well as the size of thevarying audiences.

The results of this research should providebasic data necessary for developing specialinterest audiences for public television.

LINCOLN CENTER FOR THEPERFORMING ARTS, INC.

While Lincoln Center's cultural events nowreach those who are within commuting dis-tance of the New York metropolitan area andable to afford tickets, the directors of LincolnCenter would like to have live performancestransmitted via pay television to homesthroughout the nation. If pay television can beused to transmit cultural events, not only willthose currently unable to see live performancesbenefit, Lincoln Center will also generate anadditional source of income. With the help of agrant from the Sloan Foundation, the MediaDevelopment Department of Lincoln Centerhas evolved the technology necessary for tele-casting live performances from the Center. Thenext critical step is to explore the various waysof marketing and distributing Lincoln Center'slive performances. The Markle Foundation hasmade a one-year grant to Lincoln Center in theamount of $76,700 for a feasibility study. Thepurpose of this feasibility studyas well as apossible market testis to determine whetheror not it is economically possible to attractinvestors to a program which will transmit theCenter's performances via pay television allover the country.

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Part of the study focuses on lindi,!g the bestway to offer these performances to pay sub-scribers. A second and equally important goalis to examine the inutile and extent of con-sumer demand for live performances via paytelevision. Finally, the applicability of FederalCommunications Commission regulationsmust also be examined. In this study, LincolnCenter is using the technical expertise of theElectronic Systems Laboratory of Massachu-setts Institute of Technology and they inturn, are working closely with the Washing-ton law firm of Hogan and Hanson on ques-tions of FCC interpretation. Children's Tele-vision Workshop Communications, Inc. is alsoa consultant.

CABLE ARTS FOUNDATION, INC.

The Cable Arts Foundation, Inc., founded in1973, produces low to moderate cost arts pro-gramming for cable television. Through theseproductions, Cable Arts Foundation hopes tocreate a national arts network while at thesame time encouraging local organizations andcable operators to produce high quality artsprograms. Last year the Cable Arts Foundationproduced a series of eleven two-hour programsunder the title A fir Art. This series, telecast inNew York City, was funded by a grant from theNew York State Council on the Arts. A for Artused a variety of materials including indepen-dently made art films as well as videotapesproduced by or for public television.

The success of this series led the Cable ArtsFoundation to propose development of nation-wide arts programming on cable televisionusing both nationally and locally producedprograms. As a first step in this direction, tencities have been selected to receive a series often one-hour programs made from the originalNew York City series. During the course of theairing of these programs, a meeting will be heldof the specific community's technical and ar-tistic leaders. At each meeting, the Cable Arts

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Foundation staff will present information onthe legal, administrative and technical issues ofarts programming via cable television so thatthose attending will be in a position to imple-ment similar arts programming in their owncommunities.

Cable Arts Foundation believes that this serieswill prove that professionally executed cablearts programmingoffered on a regular basisand at prime timecan attract a large audi-ence as well as meaningful community partici-pation. A one-year grant of $65,213 from theMarkle Foundation is providing the fundsCable Arts Foundation needs for this first stepin developing a nationwide network.

CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOLIn June, 1971, the Foundation made a grant tothe Center for Urban and Regional Studies atClaremont Graduate School for an audiencestudy of the Spanish-language-only televisionstations (KMEX-TV and KAI3C -TV) in theLos Angeles area. The results of this studyindicated that most of' the programs nowfeature Mexican films. Few programs focus onlife in the United States and interviews indica-ted that an increase in the amount of practicaladvice and information aired on these stationsshould significantly alter the size and composi-tion of the audience. Consequently the Foun-dation made a follow-up grant to find out ifSpanish-language-only television stationscould play a more useful role in the Spanish-speaking community. The project staff of theCenter for Urban and Regional Studies alongwith the staff of one of the Spanish-languagetelevision stations, KMEX-TV (Channel 34),is initiating two new programming efforts: (1)creation of a "hotline" on KMEX-TV to assistviewers with problems in four areashousing,education, health care, and employment; (2)programming of public service messages in thefour subject areas covered by the hotline. Thecontents of the messages begin with the need

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for practical information as suggested by the1971 study. In time, however, the calls to thehotline should dictate the subjects to be cov-ered in the public service mensages.

After owe months of public service messagesthe project's staff will survey the KNIEN-TVviewers to determine whether the size andcomposition of the audience has changed. Thestudy should be applicable to other Spanish-language television stations wishing to improvepublic service while increasing the size of' theiraudience. This project is made possible by an18-month grant in the amount of $64.777.

ORIENTATION FILMFOR HOSPITAL PATIENTS

Over a year ago the Foundation wonderedwhether television techniques could be used toorient hospital patients. While television andfilm have been used to instruct patients aboutspecific diseases and specific pre vedures. filmshave rarer been used as a general orientationdevice. Hospitals have increasingly becomelarge bureaucratic institutions and, in spite ofthe goodwill of hospital staffs, it is almostimpossible to answer all the questions of anentering patient and make him feel at ease.Perhaps audiovisual media can provide helpfulinformation to the patient at a time when he orshe can best absorb it, thereby hopefully re-ducing fear and anxiety, increasing patientknowledge and cooperation andat the sametimereducing the amount of work necessaryfor an already overburdened hospital staff.

With the cooperation of New f ork Hospital.the Foundation is having two films producedfor patient orientation and information. Thefilms are directed to patients entering thehospital for surgery. The first filmto be shownin the admitting roomintroduces the patientto the hospital routine. The second film--to heshown at the bedside on Car day before sur-geryprovides the general pre-operative and

post-operative instruction and infOrmationthat is normally given a patient. Bill Jersey,president of Quest Productions, Inc., is makingthese films which will be shown at New YorkHospital. Both films will be formally evaluatedin order to determine the extent to which theyhelp patients. Although New York Hospital isproviding the staff and the location for shoot-ing the films, an important aspect of the projectis to see if these films can be used successfully inother hospitals. The Foundation has allocated$37,000 toward this project which is beingadministered by the Foundation.

RELXIID (MANI'S

Educational Development Center: Study tohelp develop a television program for teachingmathematics to children, 1972-73

New York University, School of the Arts:Support of the Alternate Media Center,1971-72, 1972.73

Pt TUCINTEREST ANDCOMMt TN 'CATIONSThe belief that it is in the public interest forbroadcasters to be more accountable to thepublic they serve has gained a great deal ofsupport over the past few years. A number ofcitizens groups have become aware of theirrights under the Federal CommunicationsCommission regulations and have tried toexercise those rights. One particularly effectivegroup is Action for Children's Television. De-voted to improving children's television, ACTwas first funded by the Foundation over threeyears ago and again during this program year.Another project in the public interest area isdesigned to train lawyers in communicationslaw. Law professors and students at the Law

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School of the University of California in LosAngeles are using a Foundation grant to con-tinue support of a training and research pro-gram in communications law. 'Ishe Foundationhas given general support to a third group,Media Access Protect, a Washington, D.C.based public interest law firm.

ACTION FOR CHILDREN'STELEVISION

The Foundation's initial grant to Action forChildren's Television helped a group of Bostonmothers translate their concern over program-ming on children's television into effectiveaction. Those mothers were concerned aboutthe quality of programs their children saw andwanted improvements. To date, the main goalof ACT has been to make the country aware ofthe effect television has on children's lives. Inparticular, ACT petitions to the Federal Com-munications Commission and the FederalTrade Commission have become the basis forpioneering inquiries into the effects televisionactually does have on children. During the pastyear, ACT has testified before several SenateCommittees. As a result of this and otheractivities, several government agencies arelooking into the issue of children's television.ACT has used its influence to convince theNational Association of Broadcasters to recom-mend that commercialism be reduced. In ad-dition, two advertising agencies have issuednew guidelines for children's advertising.Major manufacturers of vitamin pills havediscontinued their television advertising aimedat children. A few stations are beginning tocluster commercials at the beginning and endof programs. ACT believes that the quality ofprogramming for children has improved onsome commercial stations.

During the next two years ACT will use itstwo -year Markle Foundation grant of $150,000to continue its many activities. The groupintends to do more general research, prepare

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more publications, and establish a public edu-cation department with consulting services.Operating away from the marketplace, ACT isable to press broadcasters and advertisers toimprove their approach to children's televisionand at the same time provide a source ofinformation and aid to anyone interested inraising the quality of children's televisionprogramming.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNILOS ANGELES, SC11001. OF LAW

The UCLA Communications Law Programbegan more than two years ago with a grantfrom the Markle Foundation. This initial grantwas used to establish a training and researchprogram in communications law. A renewedgrant of $81,0(X) spread over three yearscoupled with UCLA financial supportwillpermit continuation of these activities.

One aspect of this Communications Law Pro-gram centers on student participation in re-search and litigation for clients who find itdifficult or impossible to obtain competentcounsel. For instance, stu&!nts became in-volved in a recent California election contro-versy resulting from television and radio ad-vertisements about ballot propositions. Manyof the advertisements were considered decep-tive vet those who tried to point this out werenot able to get radio or television air time.Using the Fairness Doctrine as its legal base,individuals participating in this project peti-tioned the Federal Communications Commis-sion asking it to declare that stations wererequired to cover all points of view. The FCCruling favored the petition. Consequentlymany hours of free air time became available tothose groups who opposed the ballot proposi-tions and the public was thus exposed to allviews of the issues. Under the CommunicationsLaw Program efforts have also been made toexpand access and career opportunities in themedia for minorities and worn' n.

BEST COPY AVAILABLEThe Program also fosters research. For exam-ple, ten students participated in an intensivestudy of Los Angeles television stations and as aresult are preparing a Citi:ens Guide to Los.4rageles Television. The Guide describes and com-pares the performance of broadcasters and tellscitizens how to work for improved perfor-mance. In the past, the FCC has examinedlicense requests on a station by station basiswithout considering the overall television mar-ket of the specific station. As a result of thisproject it is hoped that the FCC will examinelicense requests on a market by market basis,

Students can also take part in an internshipprogram. Those participating earn law schoolcredit while working with organizations autho-rized by the school. These range from publicinterest law firms to research institutes and thecommunications industry.

Many students, as a result of their participa-tion in the Communications Law Program,intend to continue work in the field of com-munications law.

MEDIA ACCESS PROJECT

Media Access Project, a Washington publicinterest law arm, was established in 1971. Itwas formed to encourage wider public access tothe mass media and relevant government in-formation seeking to curb abuses ofcorporate advertising in print and on televi-sion. Broadcasters have the power to decide onthe issues their stations will carry and the waysthese issues will be presented. In order toprevent abuse of this power. the Federal Com-munications Commission has developed theFah cress Doctrine which holds that broadcast-ers are responsible for presenting both sides ofcontroversial issues. However, the Doctrine isunclear in its specific applications. Over theyears many attempts have been made to clarifyit and public interest law firms have been inthe vanguard of those initiating these efforts.

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The Foundation has awarded $50,000 for thecoming year to Media Access Project (MAP).

Last year MAP became involved in a numberof different cases. Some were aimed at requir-ing the media, especially television, to coverimportant campaign issues and all candi-dateswhether or not they buy additionaltelevision time as part of their campaign. MAPhas also initiated action on image advertising.On behalf of a group of Senators and Con-gressmen who contend that image advertisingby major oil companies is misleading, MAPhas an action before the Federal Trade Com-mission requesting stricter advertising rules.MAP actions also have resulted in free air timefor consumers opposing the policies advertisedas %veil as the higher rates and the use of nuclearpower proposed by public utilities companies.

On behalf of one group, MAP has filed apetition with the FCC to deny the licenserenewal of a specific television station thatdistorts news programs so they reflect theopinions of the station owner. This case isparticularly important because the FCC deci-sion will establish precedence in defining theobligation of broadcasters to provide compre-hensive as well as fair news and public affairsprogramming.

Other MAP activities are primarily education-al. The firm operates a student law internprogram which provides students of severalmajor law schools with comprehensive workexperience. MAP staff is also involved in avariety of activities ranging from public speak-ing to teaching and writing.

MAP expects to continue these activities. Italso representsfree of chargepublic interestgroups and individuals throughout the countrywho seek its expertise and assistance and willcontinue to provide advice to those who need it.

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RELATED GRANTS

Duke University, Institute of Policy Sciencesand Public Affairs; Establishment of a Centerof Communications Policy, 1972-73

United Church of Christ: Preparation ofguidebooks for citizen action concerning themedia, 1971-72, 1973-74

SOCIAL SCIENCERESEARCHThe Markle Foundation is continuing to makeresearch grants in the area of the socialsciences. There is a general belief that bothbroadcast and print journalism need to beimproved. Yet the assumptions used to justifyproposals for improvement aren't always borneout by the facts. What are the facts? TheFoundation hopes that some of its grants willhelp provide answers.

The Markle Foundation has made three grantsin the area of mass communications and itssupposed effects on public behavior. Onegrant, to the University of California at SanFrancisco, is for a study on the effects oftelevision on children who have not beenpreviously exposed to television. A secondgrant to the Annenberg School of Communi-cations, University of Southern California isfunding research on the effect of drug informa-tion as relayed on radio or television. A third, tothe Mass Communications Research Center atthe University of Wisconsin, supports a studyof the influence of the press, rad/. and televi-sion on the political behavior ancl ..ttitudes ofyoung voters.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAAT SAN FRANCISCO

In the past 25 years, television has becomecommonplace throughout the industrialized

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nations of the world. There has been a greatdeal of discussion during this first quartercentury of television about the influence of thiswidespread medium. Lately, man have beenstudying whether aggression depicted on tele-vision actually results in ,iggressive behavior onthe part of the viewers. If this hatppens, couldtelevision presentation of constructive socialbehavior bring about similar positive behavioron the part of the viewers? Such an idea is verydifficult to test in the United States or in othernations, for that matter, where television hasbeen a part of daily life for many years. Itwould be next to impossible to separate theimpact of television viewing on a child's be-havior from of: '6r influences common to mostnations. It would also be extremely difficult tocontrol the television diet of any test group insuch a country as ours. As a result, researchersinterested in following this matter look fbrplaces where television is presently unavail-able. Three such areas are South Africa, partsof Australia, and Nticronesia (a group of smallPacific islands).

Micronesia is already planning fbr the installa-tion of television. Officials there are mostanxious to know as much as they can aboutpotential long-term effects. A SI I2,000 Foun-dation grant to the Department of Psychiatryat the University ofCalifornia in San Franciscois financing research on the effects of televisionon the behavior of a group of Micronesianchildren. I'his particular study will use televi-sum in a residential high school in threedifferent ways. Adolescent students will beexposed to one of three television diets: pro-grams showing constructive social behavior.programs featuring aggressive behavior, or pro-grams of neutral content. The students willview their particular television diet for threehours each day over a four-week stretch. Dur-ing this period, behavior will be carefullyobserved. It is hoped that the effects of thesedifferent programs on behavior can be mea-sured. The study is being conducted with the

BEST COPY AVAILABLEcooperation of government and educationalpersonnel. These three different television ap-proaches will use material similar to eithercommercial or educational television programsin the United States.

The study should be helpful to Micronesianofficials in their effort to determine the proba-ble effects television may have on the islands'population. The study should also produceinformation flu. officials in South Africa andAustralia to use before introducing the medi-um to their peoples. Finally, this study shouldshed some light s:n the effects of television cmviewer behavior.

Given some concrete data on the relationbetween television viewing and viewer behav-ior, those interested in improving televisionmay be able to offer sound recommendations.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERNCALIFORAA, ANNENBERG SCHOOLOF COMMITNICATIONS

In the past few years, televised drug infornm-tion has come under wensive scrutiny anddebate. Certain types of nonprescription drugsare constantly advertised on television. At thesame time, public service messages warningagainst drug abuse are televised. Many peoplebelieve that television has had a very markedinfluence on the general public's drug behav-i4eparticularly influencing the behavior ofadolescents and the urban poor. Unfortunatelythere is little factual data to back this belief.

The Drug Abuse Information Research Projectis beginning to collect facts. The project hasalready produced a series of studies on theavailability and impact ofdrug abuse informa-tion as carried by radio, television and thepress. A Foundation grant of $36,100 permitsthe project researchers to continue their analy-ses and prepare a policy document for those in

30the media and federal agencies concerned withdrug abuse. The policy document will examinethe need for concerted cooperation betweenvarious drug agencies in the Federal govern-ment and the many public and private drugp:ograms producing information about drugsfor showing on television. The study mayconfirm the belief that encouraging positivesocial behavior is the best way to discouragedrug use, rather than most current approacheswhich use fear techniques to warn againstanti-social behavior.

UNIV ER SITY OF WISCONSIN

Eighteen year old voters participated in the1972 presidential election for the first time inthe country's history. Many researchers thinkthat these young voters had not formed firmpolitical predispositions and were thus moreopen to a range of political views than theirelders had been. A few British studies confirmthis general impression. However, previousAmerican studies conducted on youthful votersin years past suggested that the young followedthe partisan preferences of their parents. Theseolder studies suggested that mass communica-tions had little influence on voter behaviorwhether the voter was 21 or 40.

The 1972 presidential election, therefore, wasof unique interest as a vehicle for studying themedia's effects on young voters. The MassCommunications Research Center at the Uni-versity of Wisconsin interviewed more than 600young adults during and after the 1972 elec-tion. Subjects were asked about politicalbroadcasts they heard and saw and newspaperarticles they read, as well as the importance ofvarious campaign issues, general campaignknowledge and specific candidates' stands, andhow they voted. The data collected also in-cluded measures of political leanings as well asother relevant background characteristics. A

two-year Foundation grant of $29,380 is payingfor analysis of this data.

The purpose of the study is to see if the massmedia, by emphasizing certain issues, createsthe impression that these issues are the mostimportant. In addition, the researchers aretrying to determine how open the youthfulvoter really is. Do the young read and watchonly those political messages which supportpreviously formed opinions or do they considermessages from all sides of the political spec-trum? Researchers hope to find out whateffect if any --mass communications has ingetting the youthful voter to discuss politicalideas with friends and relatives. Do thesediscussions have any measurable impact onpolitical participation and/or partisan prekr-owe? Another important question being ex-plored is how young voters diffrr from theirelders in their voting behavior.

It is hoped that this study can he used as a basisfor preparing additional studies on the role ofthe mass media in influencing political behav-ior in the 1976 campaign.

RELATED GRANTS

The Cleveland State University, Departmentof Communication: Review of studies cm theeffects of the mass media on political behavior,1972-73

The London School of Economics and Politi-cal Science: Study on television viewing be-havior. 1972-73

University of Pennsylvania, AnnenbergSchool of Communications: Analysis of theeconomic implications of alternative plans forremoving advertising from children's televi-sion. 1972-73

JOURNALISM BED cm' AVAILABLE

Good journalism depends on a free and re-sponsible press as well as on good reporting andwriting. in support of this belief, the MarkleFoundation has made four grants which aredesigned to encourage a high standard ofjournalism in this country.

A grant to The American University is beingused to explore the reasons why so many dailynewspapers have stopped publication in thelast several years. The Foundation has alsorenewed its support of The Fund for Investiga-tive journalism, Inc. This organization awardsgrants to individual journalists for specificinvestigative projects. A third grant, to theDepartment of Communication at StanfordUniversity, is supporting a survey of the exist-ing studies of the relationship between thegovernment and the news media. For whilethere have been some studies in this area,information on this crucial relationship is stillquite scarce. The Stanford team is analyzingexisting studies, compiling a report on theirscope and conclusions and making recommen-dations for future studies. The fourth grantwent to Th National News Council. TheCouncil. established in 197:i, is designed toserve the public interest by preserving freedomof communication and promoting accuratereporting of the news.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

From 1963 to 1972. more than 150 Americandaily newspapers ceased publication. Althoughother publications started during this time(there were 1.761 dailies in 1963 and 1,761 in1972). they are significantly different fromthose that failed. The new dailies typically arelocated in suburban communities, are ownedby chains, and have no local newspaper corn-

031

petition. In fact, WV; of American communi-ties have only one daily newspaper. Absenteeowners currently control twothirds of allAmerican dailies.

These facts are alarming. Competition be-tween papers has always beci considered a keyingredient of a free and responsible press. Thepublic has been able to choose between diverseviewpoints as well as different news presenta-tions, whether newspapers, radio or television.Absentee ownership of chain papers tends toresult in a uniformity of news presentationwhich may or may not reflect accurate report-ing. Many critics of absentee or chain owner-ship find that local issues do not receive propercoverage when the local newspaper is part of achain. Other critics are concerned that thenewspapers which fail are the better ones.

In order to gather some concrete informationabout the causes of newspaper failures, theFoundation has made a two-year grant of$106,000 to The American University. Thestudy focuses on daily newspapers between1963 and 1972. len Bagdikian, former assistantmanaging editor of the Washington Post. isconducting this investigation. Mr. Bagdikian islooking for trends relating to failure. Initially, aprofile of each of the 167 papers that failed isbeing developed. These profiles spell out thenewspaper's ownership, management, and cor-porate structure. Data relating to the specificcommunite served as well as other competitivemedia in the area are also being examined.These profiles should show what, if any, roleinternal corporate structure may have had inthe resulting failure. Advertising problemsstemming from the existence of other competi-tive media are also being examined. A reader-ship surrey of each paper will attempt todetermine why some readers may have becomedisenhwited with these papers. The results ofthis study will be published in book form.

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THE FUND FOR INVESTIGATIVEJOURNALISM, INC:.

Investigative journalism is a vital part of goodreporting. It is also expensive and many pub-lishers do not support investigative jt itirnalism.Because this type of reporting is such animportant part of a free and responsible press, anumber of nationally known jounali is estab-lished The Fund for Investigative Journalismin 1968. The Foundation supported the Fundin 1972 and has renewed its support in the formof a two-year $60,000 grant.

"Me Fund for Investigative Journalism, basedin Washington, D.0 , make,. small grants tomen and women involved in investigativejournalism projects. Of the 60 or more grantsmade in the past two years, the majority haveresulted in published artieks on a variety ofsubjects in the public interest. These articlesranged front a 10)0k at recreational land devel-opment schemes to ;z critical appraisal ofAmTRAKs first year of operation. Xlanybooks have also been written as a rs.dt of Fundhelp. Two books already published includeDeath and the Mines b But Ilium, an account ofthe United Mine Workers, and Thc Adifit.VHeroin in Southeast Asia by Alfred V. Nk(:oy.Two grantees have won Pulitzers.

In addition to financial support, the Fundhelps investigative journalists place their re-ports. For journalists seeking to c,ia I dish them -

selves as solid investigative reo) s. assistancein placing is critical. Unless the investigationresults in a published article, the purpose oldieinvestigation is lost, The hind also makesgrants to journalism reviews for general presscriticism as well as important stories eithermissed or ignored by the general pre ss. nesegrants are made in support of the [whet' t hat thepress ought to be examining itself..

034.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Questions of how government and the newsmedia are and shwild be related to each otherare subjects of intense national debate. Thisdebate has taken several directions. In hisoften-quoted Des Moines speech in 1969,former Vice President Spiro 1'. Agnew raisedthe general issue of the political bias of thenews media. More recently, the debate hasshifted to the right of reporters to maintain theconfidentiality of' their sources versus rights ofgrand juries in having access to all relevantmaterials. There is also the thought that unre-stricted press freedom might damage the prin-ciple of a defendant's right to a fair trial. Andwhile there have been some studies on thenature of government /news media relation-ships, much additional work is needed.

The Department of Communication at Stan-ford University is using its Markle Foundationgrant to begin a review and an analysis ofexisting studies in the area of government /mass media relationships. The Stanford groupis preparing a summary of what is presentlyknown. Materials being examined include stud-ies of: (1) the theory and philosophy of thegovernmental/media relationship; (2) meth-ods and ethics of gathering government news;(3) actual news content; (4) the constraints Atpublication and broadcasting. The literaturerelating to government regulation of the mediais being reviewed as well as general surveys ofpublic attention to government news.

The Department of Communication will useits $58,0(X) Markle grant over the next twoyears. Once existing materials have been an-alyzed and summarized, it will be possible topresent proposals for additional research in thiscrucial area. It is also hoped that the results ofthis investigation will lead to more accuratereporting and, thereby, help ensure a betterinformed public.

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THE NATIONAL NEWS COUNCIL

The National News Council was establishedjust over a year ago with grants from severalfoundations, including the Markle Founda-tion. The Foundation has renewed its supportof The National News Council with a grant of$125,000.

The Council is composed of nationally knownfigures in the communications world as well aslawyers, professors. former politicians and topgovernment officials. The sole function of theCouncil, as stated in its charter, is to serve thepublic interest in preserving freedom of com-munication and advancing accurate and fairreporting of news. One way of fulfilling itspurpose is to examine complaints from thepublic concerning the accuracy and fairness ofnews as presented in the press or on the air.

Many people today.-- including some of ourhighest elected officials have criticized thenational news media. Although much of thiscriticism has never been documented, the im-pression has been created in the minds of thepublic that news reporting is often unfair andinaccurate. The National News Council be-lieves that this undocumented criticism is dan-gerous to the preservation of a free press. Byserving as a forum for debate about newsperformance, the Council believes it can con-tribute to the preservation of our constitution-ally guaranteed free press. The Council hasproposed several studies relating to press free-dom, but its most important work in its briefspan of existence has been the examination ofspecific public complaints.

During the past year, the Council receivedmore than 150 individual complaints about thenational news coverage. Most of these corn-plaints were not specific enough to be discussedby the Council at large or did not conform tothe rules established by the Council. However,28 complaints have been investigated at

length. Many of these cases are still beingexamined. The cases range from those broughtby a major corporation against a particulartelevision program's coverage of a specific issueto those brought by individuals against specificnewspaper columns. The Counil's course ofaction depends to a large degree on the natureof the case. All complaints are referred imme-diately to the organization against which thecomplaint is made in order to assure that theorganization has every opportunity to respondto the charges and, hopefully, settle them.Frequently complaints are inconsequential orcannot be supported. I lowever, many com-plaints arc valid. These are reviewed by theCouncil which then issues its opinioti to theparties concerned and to the public.

The Council is also sponsoring a study, soon tobe published, on the important and volatileissues involved with access to the media andwith freedom of the press.

RELATED GRANTS

Columbia University, School of Law: Re-search program on the relationship of the FirstAmendment to television and radio news1972-73

University of Massachusetts, Journalistic Stud-ies Program: Support of an evaluation con-ference on the 1972-73 Markle Foundationfunded survey of the New England daily news-papers, 1973-74

Southern Regional Council, Inc.: Support ofthe Southern Project for Investigative journal-ism, 1972-73

OTHER GRANTSGrants under $15,000 are included in theAppropriations section. Refer to page 79.

ASPEN INN-m.17EFOR HUMANISTIC sulmEsA grant Of $133,000 provides support for along-term senior fellow in the Program onCommunications and Society at the AspenInstitute for Humanistic Studies. The MarkleFoundation provided core support to theAspen Institute in 1971 for the Pmgram onCommunications and Society.

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CALIFORNIA CENTERFOR RESEARCH ANDtunic:A.110N IN COVF.RNMENT

The California Center for Research and Edu-cation in Governmeitt in conjunction withStanford Universityis conducting a study ofthe relationships between politicians andmembers of the mass media in the 1974 Cali-fornia gubernatorial election. The MarkleFoundation has contributed $20,000 towardsthe support of this 7roject.

(X)MMI'FTEE FOILECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

In 1972 the Committee for Economic Develop-ment, with the help of funds from the MarkleFoundation, began a study of the economicand social impact of the new broadcast media,A Wow-up grant of $25,00() from the Founda-tion is financing the completion of the project.The Committee for Economic Development iscomposed of leading businessmen and educa-tors. Many of its research and educationalactivities focus on public policy problems.

COMMITTEE ONCHILDREN'S TELEVISION, INC.A one-year grant of $15,000 provides generalsupport for the Committee on Children's Tele-vision, Inc. This organization, a San Francis-co-based citizens action group, was establishedthree years ago to help local television stations

03.1

36to respond to the needs and interests of chil-dren. The Committee works closely with Ac-tion for Children's Television and comple-ments ACT's work at a local level.

EDE !COM 0 NTER UN I VERMINCOMMUNICATIONS COUNCIL, INC.)An 818,000 grant to EDUCOM (Interuniver-sity Communications Council, Inc.) was usedto hold a three-day conference of universityofficials who are interested in exploring cabletelevision as an educational medium. Partici-pants were encouraged to experiment with thisnew medium at their own universities.

EDI TCATIONA1. BROADCASTINGCORPORATION

,A grant of $15,000 to the Educational Broad-casting Corporation is financing a study of theviewing habits. awareness of and attitudestoward public television of the Spanish-speak-ing community. in New York City. It is intend-ed that the results of this study will enableWNET-Channel 13, the public television sta-tion in New York, to serve more adequately itsI- 1 ispan le audiences.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

A one-year $70,(XX) grant continues support t(the Program on Information Technologies andPublic Policy which was established with Mar-kle. Foundation funds in the fall of 1972. Thepurpose of the Program is to examine newinfrmation technologies, their conflicts withother technologies and to explore their impactOtt public policy.

MASSACH L NEVI'S INSTITI !TEOF TECHNOLOGIC

A two-year grant of $75,000 to the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology cemtinues the

Foundation's support of the CommunicationsPolicy Research Program. Markle Foundationfunds are used to pay faculty members andgraduate students working on the program aswell as to finance bi-weekly seminars at whichinvited guests meet with the MIT group.

MELLETT FUND FOR A FREEAND RESPONSIBLE PRESS

The Foundation has provided $16,342 to theMellen Fund For A Free And ResponsiblePress for the development, printing and dis-tributing of a guide to be used in trainingminority members for professional status in thenews media. The guide is designed to serve as ahow-to-do-it book for newspaper people whowish to start minority training programs.

RACE RITA-no:NSINFORMATION CENTER

A $50,000 grant to the Race Relations Infor-ntation Center is financing three seminarsdesigned to improve the coverage of racial andethnic issues. Journalists, owners, editors andthose directly involved in race relations report-ing are being invited to these seminars.

THE SENATE, STATE OF NEW YORK

The Foundation made a $20,000 grant to TheSenate. State of New York. This grant was usedto finance a conference on the appropriate roleof state government in television regulation.Since New York State has already exercisedsome degree of authority in the area of cabletelevision regulation, the conference was heldso that lawmakers from other states couldgather information about the roles states mightplay in cable regulation.

SOt ' SCIENC:F.RESEARCH COUNCIL

A grant of $21,000 to the Social Science Re-search Council was made for support of a series

BEST COPY AVAILABLEof conferences to determine whether a com-prehensive study of the relationships betweenthe mass media and politics in the 1976 presi-dential election should be undertaken and, ifso, in what form. Specific proposals for thisstudy have resulted from these conferences.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERNCALIFORNIA, ANNENBERG SCHOOLOF COMMUNICATIONS

A Foundation grant of $28,000 permits theAnnenberg School of Communications at theUniversity of Southern California to conductan investigation of ways in which municipalgovernments might use table television. Theinvestigation may also lay the groundwork foran analysis of the cost and benefits of cableutilization.

UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST,OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS

Three years ago there was little informationavailable to those citizens groups who wantedto improve television stations they felt wereproviding poor service. Consequently, theFoundation awarded funds to the UnitedChurch of Christ, Office ofCommunications topublish advisory handbooks for citizens whowish to take action in this area. An additionalgrant of $26,000 is financing the updating andreprinting of these publications.

THE URBAN INSTITUTE

A one-year grant of $250,000 was made to TheUrban Institute for continuing support of theCable Television Information Center estab-lished in 1971 by the Markle and Ford Foun-dations. The Center provides technical assis-tance to state and municipal governments onproblems of cable franchising.

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38

03

PUBLICATIONSRESULTING FROMGRANTS

Each year, many Markle Foundation grantsresult in the publication of books or reports,some of which are listed below. Unless other-wise indicated, the reports are available fromthe organization that published them. Fulladdresses are given on pages 87 and 88.

Academy for Educational Development, Inc.

Edward W. Barrett: Ern and Ears ofa Nation: .4Study of Alanpoiew. jiff .4meriant journalism (InPreparation)

Action for Children's Television

Peggy Charren and Evelyn Sarson, Eds.: WhoIs Tailing to Our Children? Thrd NationalSymposcum on Children and Television, 1974

Evelyn Kaye: The Family Guide to Children'sTelevision: 1$hat to Watch, What to Miss. It'hat toChang.. and Bow to Da It, Pantheon Books,1974

Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies

Richard Adler and Walter S. Baer. Eds.: TheElectronic Box (bier: Humanities and r on theGable, May 1974

Forrest I'. Chisman: The Future Mation ofPolitical Itia. Communications Reelltat. June1974

control of the Direct Broadcast Satellite': Values inConflict (in cooperation with the U.S. Depart-ment of State), August 1974

Kas Kalba: 77u. riden Implosion: Models finReinventing Television. Harvard School of De-sign, June 1974

Si); Nlikelson: Politics and the Media (ln Press)

Richard NI. Po !sky: Getting to Scum. Street:Origins !lithe Chaldren's1'eleviston Workshop. Mav1974

The Cleveland State UniversityDepartment of Communication

Sidney Kraus and Stephen Chaffee. Eds.: Ira-frigate and the Mass Media (In Press)

Sidney Kraus and Dennis Davis: The Ertv qMass Media on Political Behavior (In Press)

Columbia I 7niversityGraduate School of Journalism

W. Phillips Davison and Frederick T.C. Vu.Eds.: Mass Communication Rexearch: Major Issuesand Future Ihreetions. Praeger Publishers, August1974

Columbia I .niversitSchool of La%

Benno C. Schmidt. r.: .4 CO'S-3- to the Press and theFirst Amendment: A Constitutional Muir (In Pre-paration)

Benno C. Schmidt. Jr. and Fred W. Friendly:journalism and the First Amendment (In Prepara-tion)

Committee for Economic Development

77se Neu- Diversity of Broadcasting: Public Polities"Or ChangingTeehnologies (In Preparation)

Duke l'niversityInstitute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs

Cable Policy Task Force: Report to the City ofDurham: C.17.1" Franchise .Ippiieatinns. 1973

Cable Policy Task Force: Ripnit to the Toren erfChapel 11,11: CAI* Consideration.% (In Press)

David Lange: Confining the. (:able: .1 Brief Cemi-mem. on the SSLAC 07P Reports. in Duke LawJournal (In Press)

EDI 'COMInteruniversity CommunicationsCouncil, Inc.

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Proceedings of the Conference, Dallas, Texas:Cable Telerision and the l'niversitr. January 1974

Harvard UniversityGraduate School of Education

Aimee Derr Leifer, Neal J. Gordon and SherrylBrowne Graves: Children's Tekeisinn More thanMere Entertainment, :n Harvard EducationalReview, May 1974

Gerald S. Lesser'. Children and Television: Lessonsfrom Sesame Street. Random House, Inc.. 1974

Harvard UniversityProgram on Information Technologiesand Public Policy

A list of the many publications available maybe obtained from the Program on InformationTechnologies and Public Policy.

University of Illinois at Chicago CircleDepartment of Sociology

John W.C. Johnstone, Edward J. Slawski andWilliam W. Bowman: Newsmen and Neu,swork:.1 Sociological Portrait q. the American journalist.University of Illinois Press (In Press)

Massachusetts institute of TechnologyCenter for International Studies

Ithiel de Sola Pool: The Rise of CommunicationsPotter Research. in Journal of Communication,Volume 24-2, Spring 1974

Mellen Fund For A Free AndResponsible Press

David and Walterene Swanston: Minoritr job'training Newspapers (In Press)

030

University of MichiganInstitute for Social Research

F. Gerald Kline, Peter Miller and AndrewNtorrison: Needs, f 'ses and Gratifications: Contin-gent Mass Media Ejficts on Pamir Planning hihr.mat..on Acquisition Among .4 doleNcent.v. in JayBlum ler and Elam Katz, Eds.: The Uses andGratifications Approach to Mass Communica-tions Research, Sage Publications. Inc., 1974

Peter Miller, Andrew Morrison and F. GeraldKline: Approaches to Characterizing lutiormationEnvironments. International CommunicationsAssociation, New Orleans. April 1974

Phillip Palmgren, F. Gerald Kline and PeterClarke: Message Discrimination and biliormationHolding about Political :Wain:: .4 Comparison ofLocal and National Is.curs, International Com-nmnications Association, New Orleans, April1974

John P. Robinson: .4.vsessing the Impact of theMass Media through Field Et/eriments. paper toVIII World Congress of Sociology, Toronto,August 1974

The National News Council

Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.: Access to the Media: .4Giusti/nth/mil Antqrsis (In Preparation)

New York tTniversity, School of the ArtsAlternate Media Center

Acee.1.1 WorAbook. Spring 1974

The 1(f 71 Special Supplement on Librart(insertion in Access 11,'orkbook ) iIn Press)

77re Public Aaess ,E%pertence: Profiles we.s'i% Critters.Spring 1974

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The Rand Corporation

Walter Baer, Henry Geller and Joseph Grund-test: ,Vea,,Ipapei.7.elmision Station Cutts Clre rtrrslrtf:Options fior Federal Amon. September 1974

Stanley Sewn: The ratite of Teler.ision Time andthe Prospects jig Ne'ir Shrtiorrs. R-1328-MF, O-tober 1973

Stanley Besen and Bridger Mitchell: Economicnalsi and 14emon Regulation: .4 Reiet.R-1398-ME December 1973

\Valiant Lucas and Robert Yin: Sewing LocalNeeds with Mecommunications: .4 hematite 7'echno-logi co l Applications for Public Striecs,R -1345-M F. December 1973

R. E. Park: .Veu TeleiAton NizeohA.R-1408-M F. l)ecember 1973

Robert K. Yin: The Workshop and tlMemel an Asses.%inent of the Children's l'elevisiimIt'orkshop. F. October 1973

Robert K. Yin, Brigitte Kenney and KarenPossner: Neighborhood Switching Centers: Telecom-munications and the I 'Phan !AMT. It..156.4-MSeptember 1974

Regional Plan Association

William S. Caldwell. Ed.: Thar To Save I 'thanAmerica, March 1973

.4ecess The Senate, State of New York

Senator INntald R. Aekerson. Ed.: Proceedings ofthe .Vational Convocation e;/ State Legislatur Leaderson Cable Communications (In Press)

I'niversity of PennsylvaniaAnnenberg School of Communications

Villiam II. NIelodv: Children's Telaision: TheEconomic% of INdoitatreik Yale University Press.1973

United Church of ChristOffice of Communications

Robert W. Bennett: .4 Lazi:rer*.i. Sow/do/of,: Rep-resenting the Audience in Broadi'llAt Proceedings.January 1974

Ralph M. Jennings and Pamela F. Richard:How to Proteet lour Rights in Television and Radio(Itt Pres.$)

Ralph M. Jennings and Pamela F. Richard: .1Short Course on Citi:n Rights in Broadcasting (InPreparation)

The Urban InstituteCable 'Television Information Center;id:1111(4.d Eonfonto Nine? (In Preparation)

Cable Teh7-ision bite;connection. August 1974

Rdueationaf f 've.v q' Cable lelermon. September1974

bow/ Soren/mew I *set q. Cable Teleminn, March1974

Notes From the Center (newsletter, publishd, quarterly)

Planning hitereonneetion Srsterns: Option. Pot Theneat Cities Met tfrpoh tart Area, June 1974

Repot or, Tavo-tral Cable Tetal Won and hddicSeriices (an NSF study) (In Preparation)

Selecting A System Operator (In Press)

University of %%1st-0minMass Communications Research Center

Jack M. McLeod and Lee B. Becker: Testing theff Gratification Measures Through

fq leas Analois, inj. Blumler and E. Katz, Eds.:The Uses and Gratifications ApproachAnnu-al Review of Onninunication Research. Sage(In Press)

Jack M. NIcLcod and Lee B. Becker: Testing theVanditv q Mefha Gratification Through PolitualWTI.% Analisis. Association for Education inJournalism Convention. San Diego, CaliThr-nia, 1974

Jack M. McLeod, Lee B. Becker and ,fames E.Bs roes: Another Look at the Agenda Setting Fune-tom o/' the Puss, in Communication Research.Vol. 1. pp, 131-166, 1974

BEST COPY iiiiPtt AR! FJack. M. McLeod and Jane D. Brown: TheFamily Environment and Adolescent Television l\e.in R. Brown, Ed.: Children and Television,Cassell and C:ollier Macmillan Publishers Ltd..taindon (In Press)

Publications from the following grantees arcexpected during the year:

Action for Children's Television

California Center for Research and Educa-tion in Gmernment

IIniversity of California, Los Angeles, Schoolof Lai..

Claremont Graduate School, Center forUrban and Regional Studies

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Centerfor International Studies

I'niversity of Southern California, AnnenbergSchool of Communications

42 alaxi.T

soal 13" ,S4F11,CERETARY'S

REPORT

FOUNDATIONMEETINGS

In the year July I. 1973 through June 30, 1974.covered in this Report. meetings of the Boardof Directors were held November 5, 1973,March 12, 1974, and June II, 1974. TheAnnual Meeting of Members of the Founda-tion was held on November 5, 1973.

SCHOLARSIN ACADEMICMEDICINE

NIARK1.1, SCHOLAR MEETING 1973

The twenty-first annual meeting of the MarkleScholars was held at the Hotel Del Coronado,San Diego. California, September 16-18, 1973.One hundred fifty-seven Scholars and theirwives attended the meeting, the topic of whichwas "Refbrin in Health Care: Searching forAlternatives." The nine guest speakers whotook part in the meeting were: Dr. Michael J.Halberstam, internist in private practice inWashington. D.C.: Mr. Gordon McLachlan,President, Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust,London, England; Mr. Walter J. McNerney,President, Blue Cross Association. Chicago andVice Chairman. Presidnt's Commission onHealth Education: Mr. Thomas G. Moore, Jr..Executive Director, California Council forHealth Plan Alternatives; I)r. Harry Schwartz,Editorial Board, The New York Times (on leave),Visiting Professor. Department of Medicine,The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Co-lumbia University and Distinguished Profes-sor, State University of New York; Dr. Donald

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Seldin, Chairman, Department of Medicine,University of Texas Southwestern; Dr. VictorSidel, Chairman, Department of Social Medi-cine, Monteliore Hospital Medical Center andChairman, Department of CommunityHealth, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,MHMC campus; Mr. Thomas M. Tierney,Director, Bureau of Health Insurance, SocialSecurity Administration, Department ofHealth. Education and Welfare; and Dr.Quentin David Young, Director, Division ofMedicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago.

The committee that planned the meeting in-clUded the following fourth-year MarkleScholars and their wives: Dr. Frank M. Yatsu,University of California, San Francisco, Chair-man, and Mrs. Yatsu, Chairman, Ladies'Committee; I)r. Thomas F. Cottrell, New YorkMedical College, and Mrs. Cottrell; Dr.Michael J. Dunn, University of Vermont, andMrs. Dunn; and Dr. J. Wayne Streilein, Uni-versity of Texas Southwestern, and Mrs.Streilein.

THE JOHN M. RUSSELL AWARD

On September 18, 1973, preceding the finaldinner of the Annual Meeting of the MarkleScholars, the John M. Russell Award waspresented by the Scholars to CongressmanPaul G. Rogers of Florida. CongressmanRogers is Chairman of the House Sub-Committee on Public Health and the Environ-ment. Congressman Rogers was the twelfthrecipient of the Award, which is given for "anoutstanding contribution in academic medi-cine, the impact of which should have been feltwidely and outside the recipient's own spe-cialty field and beyond his immediate en-tourage." Dr. Hibbard E. Williams, Chairmanof the 1972 Annual Scholar Meeting andChairman of the 1973 Award Committee,presided and presented the Award on behalf ofthe Scholars.

O4

44 REPORTS FR0111 S(:1-10I.; RSIN .U.s..k1)E111C: NIEDR:INE

On June 30, 1974, grants expired for twenty-fivemen and women in the twenty-second and lastgroup of Markle Scholars who were appointed in1969. Following are accounts of their activitiesduring the five years of the grant:

NORMAN H. BASS, M.D., Professor of Neurology.University of Virginia School of Medicine. 1967-70,Assistant Professor of Neurology; 1970-73, AssociateProfessor of Neurology; 197t)- , Associate Professor ofPharmacology; 1971-72, Visiting Professor, University ofGothenburg, Sweden; 1974- , present rank and institu-tion.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in clinical neurology.neurochemistry, and neuropharmacology for medicalstudents, graduate students, and house officers. Roundsand patient care demonstrations for medical studentsand house officers. Physical diagnosis and human phar-macology for medical students. Research advisor formedical students and postdoctoral fellows. Course inneurochemistry for graduate students.

Administration: Committee on Admissions, University ofVirginia School of Medicine. 1968-71; Medical AdvisoryCommittee, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, BlueRidge Chapter, 1968-72; Committee on DisadvantagedStudents, 1969-70; Committee on Irreversible Coma andDeath, 1970-71; Committee on Integrated NeuroscienceProgram, 1971.73; Executive Committee for Alfred P.Sloan Postdoctoral Training Program in ComparativeNeurology and Laminar Organization, 1973- ; ClinicalResearch Center Advisory Committee, 1974- ; Director,Laboratory for Clinical Neurosciences: a research centerfor the Department of Neurology and NeurologicalSurgery, 1974- .

Rroarch: Efforts have been directed to understanding theeffects of various metabolic derangements on the post na-tat maturation of rat and human cerebral cortex. Re-search goals have been directed toward three generalareas: (1) to provide a neurochemical counterpart of bothultrastructural and electrophysiological studies of nor-mal maturation; (2) to assess the vulnerability of thedevelopmental sequence to pharmacological derange-ments during phases of mitosis, migration, and differen-tiation of neural cells; and (3) to explore mechanisms ofsuch vulnerability as they relate to brain barrier systems.The studies suggest that a large number of humandisorders, presently classified under the heading of"mental retardation,- may be the result of exogenous and

endogenous agents which may alter the coin pies programof development of the cerebral cortex.

Other S. Weir Mitchell Research Award. AmericanAcademy of Neurology. 1967; Research Career Develop-ment Award. 1971- : Vho's Who in the South andSouthwest. 1973- ; faculty participant. Advanced StudyInstitute on the Chemistry of Brain Development. 1970.Member: American Academy of Neurology. AmericanSociety tier Neurochemistry. International Society ofNeurochemistry. American Association of Anatmnists.Society for Neuroscience. Child Neurology Society,

r.eeted publications:Bass. Norman Influence of neonatal undernutritionon the devekTment of rat cerebral cortex: a microchemi-cal study. Achy:rues rot Experimental Whew and Biology:Chennstn of !ham Development. A. NI. Davidson and R.Paoletti, Eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1971.

H. H. Hess. A. Pope and C. Thalheimer.Quantitative csioarchitectonic distribution of neurons.Oa. and DNA in rat cerebral cortex .journal olComparatireNanning. 143:481-490. 1971.

and P. Lundborg. Cerebral edema: the effect ofdexamethasone during brain maturation in the rat.ArchfieA q.Neurokv. 29:151-157. 1973.

.. and P. Lundborg. Postnatal development ofbulk flow in the cerebrospinal fluid system of the albinorat. Bruin .Researek 52:323-332, 1973,

.... and P. Lundborg. Postnatal development ofmechanisms for the rapid efflux oforganic acids from thecerebrospinal fluid system of the rat. Brom Resrarch,56:285-298. 1973.

and P. Lundborg. Respiratory depressant ef-fects of morphine on the central nervous system of theinfant rat. Ilurlogy o/ the Nerounr. 23:456-468. 197 :3.

. NI. G. Netsky and E. Young. Effect of neonatalmalnutrition on developing cerebrum. I. NIicrochenlicaland histologic study of cellular differentiation in the rat.II. Microchemical and histologic study of myelin forma-tion in the rat. ..tuhnT., 4..veureitnr. 23:289-302. 303.313.1970.

M. G. Netskv and E. Young. 'Microchemicalstudies of postnatal development in rat cerebrum. I.Migration and differentiation of cells. H. Formation ofmyelin..%furnb 19:258-268, 405-414, 1969.

. E. J. Witmer and F. E. Dreifuss. A pedigreestudy of metachromatic ieukodystrophy: biochemicalidentification of the carrier state. Neurologr. 20:52-62.1970.

.... and K. Young. Effects of hypothyroidism onthe differentiation of neurons and glia in developing ratcerebrum. 'Journal of Neurological .parsers. 18:155-173,1973.

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CH ESTON M. BERLIN. JR., M.D., Associate Professorof Pediatrics, Associate Professor of Pharmacology andAssistant Dean for Student Affairs. Pennsylvania StateUniversity College of Medicine at Hershey. 1968-71.Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. George WashingtonUniversity School of Medicine; 1971- present rank andinstitution.

i'achri. 4: Lectures to first and second year medicalstudents in pharmacology and physical diagnosis. Lec-tures. seminars, and rounds with medical students andresidents on the pediatric service (inpatient, outpatient.intensive care). Continuing education for nurses andphysicians in pediatrics and drug therapy. Lay group andschool talks. Course in oharmacology for high school stu-dents.

.4dummoration.. Chief. t' ,i'atri Inpatient Unit and Chief.Pediatric Intensive Carr 'nit. The Milton S. HersheyMedical Center; Chairma..., Medical Selection (Admis-sion) Committee. 1972- : Assistant f)ean for StudentAffairs. 1972- . Member: P.S.U. University GeneticsCommittee (awards M.S. and Ph.D. in genetics),Pre-Health Education Advisor Committee. Numerousother medical school and hospital committees.

Research: Major interests have been in the area of enzymeregulation and human pharmacology. Efforts in theExtter area have been in (I) drug effects on the fetus andnewborn and (2) drug metabolism.

Other: Member: Pediatric Panel. U.S.P. Consultant inGenetics, Montgomery County. Md. Pediatrician, pri-mary and consultant pediatric care (in- and outpatient).M. S. Hershey Medical Center.

Selected publications:

Berlin. Cheston M., Jr. The drug problem. (Wawa/Proreedings or.the Children% Hospital of D.C.. 27:74-86.1971.

. . . The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. MedualAnnals of the Mora of Columbia. 39:483-487, 1970.

. Treatment of cyanide poisoning in children.Pediatric+. 46:794 -7%. 1970.

and C. B. Jacobson. Psychedelic drugs -.athreat to reproduction. Fedcration Proceedings,31:1326-1330. 1972.

J. M. Stackman and E. S. resell. Druginteraction: quinine-antipyrine and quinine-quinine. ThePhan/tarok/gist. In press.

Chignell, C. F.. K, S. Vesell, D. K. Starkweather andCheston NI. Berlin. Jr. The binding of sulfaphenazole tofetal, neonatal, and adult human plasma albumin. Clini-cal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 12:897-901. 1971.

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46CM Ilene. R. 1).. Cheston Berlin. Jr. and J. D.Finkelstein. Reye's syndrome. Clinical hoceedmgs of theChildren's llovpital of D.C.. 27:224-238, 1971.

Jacobson, C. B. and Cheston M. Berlin. ,jr. Possibletrproductive detriment in LSD users. Portal of theAmerican Medical Association. 222:1367-1373, 1972.

Katon, R. and Cheston M. Berlin, Jr. The physician'srole in controlling heroin addiction. Mural hoardings Itthe Children% Ammo/ of D.C., 27:291-311, 1971.

Picciano, D. J., Cheston M. Berlin, Jr., S. L. H. Daven-port and C. B. Jacobson. Human ring chromosomes: areport of live cases. nnatt of Genetic', 15:241-247, 1972.

JAMES 1'. COMER, M.D., M.P.11., Associate Professorof Psychiatry, Yale Child Study Center and AssociateDean, Yale Medical School. 1968-70, Assistant Professorof Psychiatry; 1969- . Associate Dean; 1970- , AssociateProfessor of Psychiatry.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in child and socialpsychiatry for medical students. medical residents, epi-demiology and public health students and allied healthand education students.

Administration: Associate Dean for Student Affairs; Chair-man, Student Progress Committees, 1969- ; Chairman.Minority Recruitment Committee, 1969- ; member,Board of Permanent Officers, 1973- ; member, variousMedical School and University Ad Hoc Committees.

Krsearrh: Research eflirrts have centered on developingtechniques to improve the qality of education in inner-city schools and evaluating and describing the effect. Thegeneral approach has been to apply the principles ofpsychiatry and the behavioral sciences to every aspect ofthe school program. Particular interest has been the effectof an improved relat;onship climate on academic, socialand psychological development.

Other: Chairmar., t :omm it tee of Black Psychiatrists of theAmerican Psyekriatric Association; Chairman, Commit-tee of Adolescence, the American Academy of ChildPsychiatry; Editorial Board, American Journal of Orthopar-Miran, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Journal of NegroMutation; Editorial Consultant,Journal ffArneriran Medial/Association; Board of Advisors and Consultants, Chil-dren's Television Workshop; Advisory Commit tee, MacyFaculty Fellows. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation; Profes-sional Advisory Council. The National Association ofMental Health. Inc.

Selected publications:Corner, James P. Berond Nark and While. Quadrangle(New York Tin-tes Book Company). 1972.

Ott;

. The Black American child in school. 71a- Childand 11 Famh.: ciabbra p,i,baa,te 1?.A. Volume 111.James Anthems. and (Nettle Kouprnik. Eds. New York:John %ary & Sons. 1973.

. Child development and social change: %nlyPoints or (*out rove r4v. . Pit ha/ Nrgri, Edit, a I iDn..10. No. 3. 1971.

1973.

journal

The need is tuns .tie ?dal Ili vote, 57:3-7.

. Reseanh and the Black backlash. .4memte-an(OrthapAvehtaim, 40:8-11. 1970.

. Self esteem and the Black American future.Renam,mce .,'. The .bannal .1fia-Amern.flil Madre, at late.1971.

. fhe social power of the Negro. 77a. SefriawriJuryman. 216:21-24. 1967.

. Fechnology and the inner cit) school. Tajaipt. Laoinig: f n Ei.aheafama of /motto nu/ Tee hrodogr.Volume IL Sidney- G. 'nekton. Ed.. with the staff of theAcademy for Educational Development. New York: R.R.Bowler Company. 1971.

. . White racism: its root, form and function.Atnel tom Jaw itai l'%rdsurtitv. 126:802-806. 1969.

. and Claudine - l S. Thomas. Racist» and men-tal health services. RaftVP, and Mental Health. Charles V.Willie. Bernard M. Kramer and Bertram S. Brown. Eds.University of Pittsburgh Press. 1973.

THOMAS S. COTTRELL. M.1).. Associate Dean. NewYork Medical College. Associa. Professor of ClinicalPathology. Assistant Professor of 1.1diine. 1968-73,Assistant Professor of Pathology; 197:4- present rankand institution.

Terzelnag: Lectures and seminars in pathology and pul-monary pathology for medical students. 11ospit al rounds.setninart;, and demonstrations on the pulmonary serviceand in the Pultnonam Intensive Care Unit for medicalindents and house officers. Member: Cancer Teaching

Committee. Pulmonary- Curriculum Committee.

.-lehruntomaoto President's Cabinet. New York MedicalCollege. 1970-71; Director. Autopsy- Service. Flower andFifth Avenue Hospitals. 1969 -71: Chairman. MortalityCommittee. Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals.196942; Steering Commit tee of Faculty- Senate. 1970-72:Admissions ( :om mince. 1971- .

Reieank Basic interest and efforts have been in therelationship of structure tem function at the ultraseruc-tural level with particular interest in chronic pulmonarydisease. Current activities are in ultrastructural. me-

BEST COPY 411411.113LEtabolic, and immtmologie asps-els of experimental lungdisease.

Selected publication,:Ontry11.1. . ti., O. R. Levine. R. M. Sentor.J. Wiener.Spiro and A. P. Fishman. Electron microscopic alter-ations at the alveolar level in pulmonary edema. Crr, abr.tin ke.te.areh. 21:783. 1967.

Hsu. J. T. and % S. Cottrell. Pulmonary sarcoidosis:unilateral lair adenopathy presenting as an endobon-cilia' tumor. Radiology. 98:385. 1971.

Irwin. R. S. T. S. Cottrell. K. Hsu. W. R. Griswold andH. M. Thomas. Idiemimathi pulttionarY hmosidersis. auelectron microscopic and immunffunrescent study.(.7wmt. 65-41, 1974.

Sonnnblick. 11.. Sprio and T. S. Cottrell. Finestrnctural changes in In-art muscle in relation to thelength-tension CUM'. PurefediNg. of the Normal A< actin ofSt wire. 49:193. 1963.

Spotnitt. 11. M.. W. D. Spotnit/. T. S. Cottrell, D. Spiroand E. H. Sonnenblick. (:elltdar basis for volume relatedwall thickness changes in the rat left ventridejaranalMolecular and Cellular Cardiology. 6:216. 1974.

MICHAEL J. DUNN. M.D.. Associate Professor ofMedicine. University of Vermont College of 11edicineand Associate Chairman. Department of Medicine.1969.73. Assistant Professor of Medicine and C-Director. Nephtolog Unit; 197:4- Associate Professor ofMedicine; 1974- . Associate Chairman. Department ofMedicine.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars for medical students inmedical physiology and in internal medicine as related torenal disease, hypertension and salt and water problems.Director. Basic Mechanisms of Disease Course for seniorstudents. Contitkced involvement with house staff withemphasis on clinical teaching n -fated to renal disease.Involvmc . continuing education for practicing phy-sicians with lectures to lot-al societie-s apart from theMedical School.

.1dnurastratuar Chairman, Research Committee. Depart-mnt of Medicine. Meinber: Eseutive Committee. D-ixtrtment of Medicine; Medical Practice Board. I. 'nicer-sky Health Center; President's Council, UniversityHealth Center; Renal Advisory Committee. MedicalCenter Hospital of Vermont; Board of Trustees, NewEngland Interhospital Organ Bank.

Remeanii: Research endeavors have cntred around un-derstanding cation transport in erythrocytes and in thekidney. Additionally. increasing work has been devotedto an understanding of hypertension with particular

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48004 tiON.t.

emphasis on the role of the kidney, Prostaglandins, andthe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Selected publications:

Dunn, M. J. Alterations of red blood cell sodium trans-port during malarial infection. format of Clinical inves-tigation, 48:674-684, 1969.

_. Diuretics and red blood cell transport ofcations. In Modern Diuretic Therapy in the Treatment ofCardiovascular and Renal Disease, A.F. Lant and G.M.Wilson, Eds. Excerpta Medico. The Netherlands, Interna-tional Congress Series No. 268:196. 1973.

__....__._ . The effects of transport inhibitors on sodiumoutflux and influx in red blood cells: evidence forexchange diffusion. Journal of Clinical Investigation.49:1804-1814, 1970.

___________. Magnesium depletion in the rhesus monkey:induction of magnesium dependent hypocaleemia. Clim-cal Science. 41:333-344, 1971.

_ . Ouabain-uninhibited Na transport in humanerythrocytes: evidence against a second pump. journal ofClinical Investigation. 52:658-670, 1973,

_ Ouabain-uninhibited Na transport m humanerythrocytes: the effects of triflocin. Riochttnia et Biophy-ma Acta. 255:567-571, 1972.

Red blood cell calcium and magnesium:effects upon sodium and potassium transport and cellularmorphology. Riochimica et Blophywa Acta. Ma) 1974.

and R. Grant. The influence of the extra-cellular counterion on the sodium dependent ouabainuninhibited sodium efflux from human erythrocytes.Biechintica et Blophysica Acta. May 1974.

..... and R.L. 'carmen. Low renin hypertension: aneditorial review. Kidney International. May 1974.

Ingerowski, R.,G. Ingerowski and M.J. Dunn. The effectsof guanidinosuccinic acid and methylguanidine onerythrocyte cation transport. Proceedings of the Swiely ofExperimental Biologr and Medicine. 139:80-83, 1972.

PAUL J. FRIEDMAN, M.D.. Associate Professor ofRadiology, University of California, San Diego, School ofMedicine. 1968-69. Assistant Professor of Radiology:1969- , present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures and demonstrations in radiologicalanatomy for second year medical students. Lectures onroentgen pathology of the lung for medical students.Tutorials in introductory radiology for first year students.Film reading supervision in pulmonary and generalradiology for residents. Supervision of pulmonary fellowselecting radiology. Demonstration of films at conferences

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with the Department of Medicine house officers and thefellows and staff of the Pulmonary Division. Lectures onpulmonary radiology and roentgen pathologic correla-tion at several postgraduate courses for radiologists andchest physicians.

Administration: Director, Division of Pulmonary Radiolo-gy, University Hospital, 1968-74; Committee on Educa-tional Policy. 1968-70; Recruitment and AdmissionsCommittee. School of Medicine, 1968-71; Chairman,1970-71; Clinical Core Curriculum Review Committee,1969-71; Faculty Council, School of Medicine. 1970-71;Academic Senate Budget and Inter-departmental Re la-(ions Committee, 1972-74; Chairman. Committee onResident and Student Education. Department of Radi-ology, 1974.

Research.. Continued interest in physiology of the hyper-tensive and over perfused pulmonary circulation. Col-laborative studies on bronchial dynamics and relation topleural pressure. using tantalum bronchography. Mor-phologic studies on reaction of the lung to alveolarizedmetal powders. Development of a full chest imageintensifier for whole lung video densitometry. Collabora-tive studies in radiologic-pathologic correlation. Utiliza-tion of new clinical radiologic techniques. such as theprone chest film.

Other: Editorial Board, Inzystigatity- Radiotogr. 1973-74;Executive Committee of the Association of UniversityRadiologists. 1974; UCSD Madrigal Singers. 1968-74;Fleischrter Society, 1971-74.

Selected publications;Friedman. Paul J. Direct magnification angiography andcorrelative pathophysiology in experimental pulmonaryhypertension. Intestigative Radiology, 7:474-495. 1972.

_ .. Pulmonary pat ternseonimpts of alveolar andinterstitial diseases. Current Concepts to Radiologr. E.J.Potchen, Ed. St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co., 1972.

__. Visualization of small vessels in experimentalpulmonary hypertension. Small Angograpnr: bring_mg. Morphologr. Plattologv. and Chimed .4pphcatiorn. K.

Ed. St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co., 1973.

and R.H. Greenspan. Observations on mag-nification radiography. Radiologr. 92:549-557. 1969.

R.A. Harley and A.A. Liebow. Comparativepathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension: develop-ment of a model. Gtariparahre Pathoplirsiologr of CirculatoryOnturhararec. C.M. Maw. Ed. New York: Plenum Press,1972.

- . A.M. Jonas and C.B. Carrington. Obser-tions on the vaseularization of secondary pulmonaryneoplasms. invest:otter Rathologr. In press.

- and G.M. Tisi. "Alveolarization" of tantalumpowder in experimental bronchography and the clear-

BEST COPY AVAILABLEance of inhaled particles from the lung. Radiology,104:523-535. 1972.

Gosink, B.B., Paul J. Friedman and A.A. Liebow. Bron-chiolitis obliterans: radiologic-pathologic correlation.American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapr and Nu-clear Medrcont, 117:816-8'32, 1973.

Liebow, A.A., C.B. Carrington and Paul J. Friedman.Ly mphomatoid gran ulom atosi s. /mart Pathology.3:457-558, 1972.

PRAM HELLER, M.D., PhD., Associate Professor ofOphthalmology/Biochemistry, University of California.Los Angeles, School of Medicine. 1966-69, AssistantProfessor of Ophthalmology/Biochemistry; 1969- , pres-ent rank and institution.

'Teaching: Lectures and seminars in ophthalmic biochem-istry to medical students and residents. Thesis advisor forgraduate students.

Admmistration: Jules Stein Eye Institute Advisory Com-mittee and Department of Ophthalmology Committee,1966- ; UCLA Medical School admissions committee,1972-74.

Research: Research during this period has been focused onthe structure and function of visual pigments. Thepurification, composition and partial structure of visualpigments has been established and the mode of operat ionof the visual pigments in the photoreceptor cell has beeninvestigated.

Selected publications:

Heller. joram. Comparative study of a membrane pro-tein. Characterization of bovine, rat, and frog visualpigments500. Brochenustry. 8;675-679, 1969.

Isomerizat ions in the visual cycle. The Enzymes,Vol. VI. Third Edition, P. Boyer. Ed. New York:Academic Press, Inc.,. 1972.

Structure of visual pigments. I. Purification,molecular weight. and composition of bovine visualpigment500. Biochemistry. 7:2906-2913, 1968.

. Structure of visual pigments. II. Binding ofretinal and conformational changes on light exposure tobovine visual pigment500. Biochemistry. 7;2914-2920,1968.

_ and J. Horwitz. Conformational changes fol-lowing interaction between retinal isomers and humanretinal-binding protein and between the retinal-bindingprotein and prealbutnin. The Journal Biolneical Chemis-trr. 248(146308-6316, 1973.

and J. Horwitz. Interactions of ret 4)01-binding

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50protein with various chmmophom and with thyroxine-binding protein. A model for visual pigments. Etpertmenfell Ear Rnearth, 18:41.19. 197'1.

and M.A. Lawrent. Structure of the glyco-peptide from bovine visual pigment500. &Imam9:864-869, 1970.

. and T. ()stwald. Rhodopsin: onformationalchanges in a membrane protein. ,Innatt (4' the New Firth.4 adenfr q-swnerA. 195:439.449, 1972.

, J. Ostwald and 1). Rok. Effect of illumina-tion on the membrane permeability of rod photoreceptordiscs. Bweernistry, 9:4884-4889, 1970.

J. Ostwald and D. Bilk. The osmotic behav-ior of rod pliot ()receptor outer segment discs. 7 ke journal 1.Cell Biology. 48:633-649. 1971.

PERRY A. HENDERSON, M.D., Associate Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology, University of New MexicoSchool of Medicine. 1968-71, Assistant Professor of Oh-stetrics and Gynecology; 1972-74, Acting Chairman:1971- present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in obstetrics and gyne-cology for medical students and house officers. Coordi-nator for third and fourth year students on obstetrics andgynecology. Attending physician on clinical services ofobstetrics and gynecology. Advisor and preceptor fbrmedical students.

.4 dr rant tration: Athletic Council, 1969-70; President'sCommittee on Minority Groups. 1969-70; AdmissionsCommits -e, School of Medicine. 1969-71; ClinicalScience Subcommittee of Curriculum Committee,1969-72; Executive Committee, Bernalillo County Med-ical Center. 1972- ; Indrued Abortion Crnmnittet%1972- ; Committee of Chairmen, School of Medicine.1972- ; Project Director, New Mexico Maternity audInfant Care Project, 1968- ,

Research: Research interests have continued in the area ofhematological problems in obstetrics and gynecology.Primary efforts were directed in the field of Rh disease,and the management of the Rh negative patient includ-ing intrauterine fetal t, ,nsfusions.

°thew 1972. HEW, Maternal and Child Health ServiceResearch Grants Review Committee.

Mewed pulditainom:Henderson. P.A. AnemiaGvneentogr. 24:752, 1964.

. Prenatal and intrapartum care in "ethicaldilemmas in current obstetric and newborn care." Repot

of pregnancy. Olotetnes and

4. the %Ft -Fifth re,,a 0001e/ice, nn Pednetrw korath. DuskKey. Florida. May. 1972.

and V.A. Henderson. Teamwork in maternityand infant care projects. (frboettn and Gynecology. :19:401.197.1.

and R.S. Hillman. Characteristics of irondextral! utilitation in man. Mond. 34:357. 1969.

and R.B. Scott. Foreign body vaginitis causedby toilet tissue. American journal Diseases of Children.

11::;29. 1966.

R.S. and P.A. Henderson. Control of marrowproduction h. the level of iron supply. Journal of ChnicalIni.etigatin. 48:454. 1969.

REX I .1ANIIS()N, M.D.. Associate Professor of Medi-cine, StanfOrd University School of Medicine and Head,Division of Nephrologv, StanfOrd University Hospital.1969-71. Assistant Professor of Physiology and Biophy-sics, Washington University School of Medicine :

1969-71. Assistant Professor of Medicine; 1969-71. Chief,Renal Division. The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis:1971- , present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures in physiology. laboratory medicine.and nephrology for graduate and medical students.Attending and consulting rounds for medical studentsand house officers. Postgraduate lectures in continuingeducation for physicians. Research supervision for un-dergraduate. graduate and medical students and post-doctoral kilows, Student advisor.

.4dmmi.cfrotion: Head. Division of Nephrology; Director,Nephrology Clinic; Chairman. Dialysis TransplantCommittee. Member: Executive Committee, Depart-ment of Medicine; Medical School Admissions Commit-tee; Utilizations Review Committee.

Reward,: Studies of renal function, in particular theurinary concentrating mechanism; renal tubule trans-port of sodium, potassium. calcium and urea: intrarenalfunctional heterogeneity; effects of ischemia on themicrocirculat ion of the kidney.

Other: Editorial Board, A tnettrun journal of PhrsiologY andjournd Phronfogr: Councillor. Western Societyfor (linial Research; Chairman, West Coast Salt andWater Club.

Selectedpublications:Jamison, Rex I.. Countercurrent systems. Kidney Mid

Mkt Phlwukr. K. Thurau, Ed. Lancaster: MTP.In press.

Intrarenal heterogeneity: the case for two

ITST COPY 111141111R1 Efunctionally dissimilar populations of nephrons in themammalian kidney. American journal of Medicine.54:281-289. 1973.

. . Recent advances in the physiology of the loopsof Henle and collecting tubule system. Circulation Re-van*. In press.

. J. Buerkert and F.B. Lacy. A miropuncturestudy of collecting tubule function in rats with hereditarydiabetes insipidus. journal e4 Clinical Investigation. 50:2444-2452, 1971.

J. Buerkert and F.B. Lacy. A micropunturestudy of Henle's thin loop in Brattleboro rats. AmericanJournal Pkvsiologn 224:180-185, 1973.

, N.R. and F.B. Lacy. Calcium reabsorp-tion in the thin loop of Henle. American journal ofPhysiology. In press.

. . ... and F.B. Lacy. Evidence for urinary dilution bythe collecting tubule. Amer/on/ journal of Physiology.22 :3:898 -902, 1972.

Marcus, D.C. and Rex L. Jamison. Photometric deter-mination of picomole quantities of calcium. AnalyticalChemistry, 44:1523-1525, 1972.

Pennell, J.P., F.B. Lacy and Rex L:Jamison. A study ofthe concentrating process of the descending limb in vivo.Kidney International, 5:337-347, 1974.

Summers, W.K. and Rex I.. Jamison. The no reflowphenomenon in renal ischemia, Laboratory Investigation.25:635-644, 1971.

01.GA JONASSON, M.D., Associate Professor of Sur-gery, Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine. University ofIllinois College of Medicine. 1967-70, Assistant Professorof Surgery. University of Illinois College of Medicine;1970 -- . present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in general surgery andtransplantation surgery and immunology for clinical andpreclinical medical students and graduate students.Rounds and patient care demonstrations for medicalstudents and house officers. Participant in continuingeducation programs on campus and locally. GraduateCollege faculty.

Administration: Numerous local school and hospital com-mittees; Coordinator, Resident Training, Department ofSurgery. 1973- ; Associate Director, Academic SurgeryTraining Grant; Chief, Division of Transplantation Sur-gery. University of Illinois Hospital. 1968- . Initiatedreview of goals and evaluation of surgery residencytraining program in collaboration with Center for Edu-cational 1)evelopment, University of Illinois.

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52 001'44-4

&watch: Emphasis on histocompatibility testing for clin-ical organ transplantation. laboratory serving as centralresource for State Of Illinois. Ongoing investigations intopre-immunization both clinically and experimentally.New work in study of vascular complications of diabetesin a primate model, using endocrine pancreas transplan-tation in long-term diabetes with vasculitis.

Other: Surgical Training Grants Study Section. NationalInstitute of General Medical Sciences, 1971-73; TaskForce on Immunology and Disease. National Institute ofAllergy and Immunological Disease. 1972; Renal DiseaseAdvisory Committee. State of Illinois Department ofPublic Health. 1973- ; Surgery A Study Section, Na-tional Institutes of Health. 1974- Consultation onDeath and the Dying Patient. Luthern Church ofAmerica.

Selected Publications:Jonasson. Olga. Renal transplantation: certain immun-ological considerations. Merited Clinics 11. North America.53:193 -204, 1971.

Lichter, W.M. Hamby, R.D. Smith, C.L.Gantt and L.M. Nyhus. Donor selection for renal trans-plantation based on genotypic analysis of 111.-A in afamily. .4rcharn ref Surge r. 101:219-225. 1970.

Andersen, 0., C. Cohen and Olga Jonasson. Plateletsurvival in rabbits to detect hyperacute rejection., ournatafSurgical Reartach. 14:193-199. 1973.

Andersen, ().S.. R.G. Tissot. C. Cohen and Olga Jonas-son. Platelet survival test: a method to detect preinunun-ization in rabbits. rarrolantatark 15:101-104. 1973.

Andersen, 0.S., R.G. Tissot. C. Cohen and Olga Jonas-son. Platelet survival test: an accurate prediction ofhyperacute rejection of renal allografts in rabbits. Tram.Plardatara, 15:105-110. 1973.

Arruda. L.F. Gutierrez. Olga Jonasson, V.K.G.Pillay and N.A. Kurtzman. Renal vein thrombosis inkidney allografts. Lancet, 11:385-386, 1973.

Cawley, .1.. V.K. Moses, E.A. Lichter and Olga Jonasson.Isoimmunization of hemodialysis patients: leukocyte-poor v whole blood transfusions. liamptantattan hatred.tags. 1 1 1 : 365-367, 1971.

V.K.G.. N.A. Kurtzman. J.R. Manaligod andOlga Jonasson. Selective thrmnbocytopenia due to lo-calized microangiopathy of renal allografts. Lancet,11:988-991. 1973.

Suarez-Chaco!). R. and Olga Jonasson. Incidence, spei-ficity and significance of presensitization of prospectiverenal transplant recipients. International Symposium onStandardisation of H1-A Re- agents, 1972. Scrirs Illantra-analogical Standarditatnim 18:57-60, 1973.

Suarez-C:hacon. R. and Olga .Jonasson. Isoimm it:Ili:at ionof potential kidney transplant recipients: general fre-quncy and some associated factors. nantplantatamcramp. IV:3/7-579. 1972.

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HERMES A. KONTOS. M.D.. Ph.D.. Professor ofMedicine, Medical College of Virginia, Health SciencesDivision of Virginia Commonwealth University.1969-70. Assistant Professor of Medicine; 1970-72, Asso-ciate Professor of Medicine; 1972- present rank and in-stitution.

Teaching: Lectures to medical students on cardiovascularphysiology and pathophysiology and on clinical aspectsof selected cardiovascular diseases. Lectures, seminarsand rounds for medical house staff members on car-diovascular physiology, pathophysiology and disease.Attending on medical wards and consultant in cardio-vascular diseases.

Administration: Acting Chairman. Division of Cardiovas-cular Disesse, E973-74: Director of Research, Cardiovas-cular Laboratories; Chairman. Committee on first yearmedical student electives. Member: Commit tee on fourthyear medical student electives; Cardiovascular Curricu-lum Committee; Research and Education AdvisoryCommittee; McGuire Veterans Administration Hospi-tal; Graduate Council. 1969-72.

Reworch: Main present interest is in the mechanisms ofregulation of the microcirculation of the brain in healthand in disease. Other work has dealt with local mecha-nisms of regulation of blood flow to skin and skeletalmuscle, the pathophysiolcigy of certain peripheral vascu-lar disorders and investigation of the mechanisms ofadaptation upon prolonged exposure to abnormal atmo-spheres, such as hig! altitudes or high CO:. Also involvedin investigation of the physiological consequences ofcardiac transplantation.

Other: Consultant. McGuire Veterans AdministrationHospital. Occupant. Virginia Heart Association Chair ofCardiovascular Research. 1972-74. Member: EditorialBoard, Stroke: Research Committee, Virginia Wart As-sociation; Board of Directors, Richmond Area HeartAssociation. Chairman, Research Committee. Rich-mond Area Heart Association.

Selected publicationv

Kontos. Hennes A. Role of hypercapni acidosis in thelocal regulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle. Circula-tion Research. 28:1-98, 1971.

_ and R.R. Lower. Role of beta-adrenergicreceptors in the circulatory response to hypoxia. AmericanJournal of Phyiiologr. 217:756, 1969.

A. J. Raper and J.L. Patterson. Jr. Mechanismsof action of CO: on pial precapillary vessels. EuropeanNeurolo. 6:114. 1972.

. _ D.W. Richardson. A.J. Raper. Zubair-ul-Has-san and J.L. Patterson. Jr. Mechanisms of action ofhypocapnic alkalosis on limb blood vessels in man anddog. Amerman journal of Phvsiolov. 223:1296. 1972.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE- - M.D. Thames. A. Lombana C.O. Watlington

and F. Jessee. Jr. Vasodilator effects of local hypercapnicacidosis in.dog skeletal muscle. American journal sy. Physiol-ogr. 220:1569. 1971.

M.D. Thames and R.R. Lower. Responses toelectrical and reflex autonomic stimulation in dogs withcardiac transplantation before and after reinnervation.journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 59:382, 1970.

G.W. Vetrovec and D.W. Richardson. Role ofcarotid chemoreceptors in circulatory response to hypox-ia in dogs. Journal of .4 pplied Physiologn 28:561, 1970.

and A. J. Wasserman. Effect of reserpine inRaynaud's phenomenon. Circulation. 39:259, 1969.

Raper, Aj., Hermes A. Kontos and J.L. Patterson, Jr.Response of pial precapillary vessels to changes in arterialcarbon dioxide tension. Circulation Research. 28:518,1971.

Raper, A.J., Hermes A. Kontos, E.P. Wei and J.L.Patterson, Jr. Unresponsiveness of pial precapillary ves-sels to eatecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimula-tion. Circulation Research, 31:257, 1972.

NICHOLAS M. KREDICH, M.D., Associate Professorof Medicine, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, DukeUniversity Medical Center. 1968-73, Assistant Professorof Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; 1968- ,Assistant Professor of Biochemistry; 1969-73, ResearchCareer Development Award; 1974- , Howard HughesInvestigator; 1973- present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in biochemistry. genet-ics, and rheumatic diseases for graduate students, medi-cal students and house officers; thesis advisor for gradu-ate students, research supervisor for postdoctoral fellows.attending rounds in internal medicine and rheumaticdiseases.

Administration: Director, Research Training Program formedical students and postdoctoral physicians, 1970- ;Medical School Curriculum Committee, 1970- ; Uni-versity Long-Range Planning Committee. 1972; Ara-demic Council, 1971-73.

Research: Genetic and biochemical investigations on thecontrol of cysteine biosynthesis in S. ir/rhimariarn; studiesof sulfur metabolism in cultured human cells and inves-tigations on the biochemical defect in cystinosis; inves-tigations of DNA antibodies in patients with systemiclupus erythematosus.

Other Member: Diabetes and Metabolism TrainingGrants Committee, National Institute of Arthritis andMetabolic Diseases, 1971-73.

O5

54.Celte ted tenteltr trinA:

Kredith. Nicholas 1. Regulation of 1.-csstine. bio-st tttlte si. itt Nab/tuna/a PI ph omotnin ttils of grin% t It CllitrVillit sulfur sources attd )iicrt% .-41 (11 geneexptvoiott. IroMtail ft/ illtfIttlc (.h( 1. 21:3171.318I1971.

and MA. Becker. Synthesis of I.-cs %trine inSahroorater titintittet non .1b 1lonit I n En:I ninhegt. %%Its me

17B, (:11. Tabor hind II. Taboi. Eds. Ness Yen .ca-&nth. Press, 1971.

, MA. Becker and (. Teinikins. Purificationand chieatritation of es swine sseithetase. a Inflate.tional protein complex front fittn.,n,ild Hopommel, n. pop -

ol Umbel:If Oi (.7o troth) . 214 : 2128-2.1M1. !NO.

Foote and B. N. Keenan. The stoielliottie-ty and kinetics of the inducible csstei tie destilllis dram.Inuit o/mum/hi npinttnrirmo.1"landi 81"1"gli Chelti"ith248:n187-n196. 197:1,

B.N. Keenan MO U J. Ft)ote. The purificationand subunit structure of cssteitu dsiallbsdrae. frontSoirredu /hi tiphiturn ruin. Bru/ory( Ch( II11%1Ir,

2-17:7157-7162, 1972.

.S. Skyler and I.. j Foote. The taint.' andquantitative detertninat ion of antibodies to native. 1)NAin systemic lupus et t llettlatt . I te hn't Inhinal Meth-( Me. 131 :639-64-1. 1973.

Becket, 11.A.. Nicholas M. Kredich and G.M.The purification and a liaracteritat ion of ( ).acets !scrim.stiltbsdylas -A hems SetInnoo 1la l) tebOMOMOI. Plano( elBlvelfVe ( :helm Orr. 211:2118.2127, l!tti!f,

Ilulanicka. M.D.. Nicholas M. Kielich and 1).M. 'Frei-wan. "I'lw structural gene for 0acetvlserin sellfhyclr-lase.A to .Vetirttemethi trth mem runt Idlitio with the to: Alocus, /mono/ tel !beehive a t. :he unite . 219:867.872, 1971.

Tottikins, G.M. and Nicholas NI. Kteich. Genetic con-trol of protein structure and the regulation of proteinssilthesis. Thwe in 11mqtithe w% rent .1. ( :.K. .tifitiseti, Eel.New York: Academie- Press. 1970.

RAPHAL. I I. 1.IA.E1'. 11.1).. Associate Professor ofSurgers-. Ilar.atel Medical School. Boston, Nlassacher-setts, .ssociate Stitgeon. Children's Hospital Nlclial(*.ntr. Boston. and C:hiel. Tiansplantation t nit. C:hil-drtt's Hospital Medical C:nter. 196942. Faculty Re-searh .ssoiate, .inet iron Cancer Societ; 1970-73,assistant Professor of Surge!) liar tard Medical School:1973 Associate Professor of Singers.

True lung: Cotmo. ill num ittuthnz imci stager% lot medicalstudents and doctoral students.

.1droorrotratrurt. Member: Divisnut of Ntdital Scienes.,

Iltsarcf Sircftiaf }ttKiI fur 1 ItIc'fUli 4)1 l) ,ti t.t1 and)1.tttihiL ttsifents. FranspLuItaiil!n and

IH!flhII!I4 III )5 .(1% pi,r% (. 1 )fltUI U tee. Y%LI U iitat ffl%t U U1(' ).1Ieig and Iitht I 4u 7 : n-iti. Pri Ui ttoII 1. in rrit ' . '7( P-7 .k IMUI )t.ti IUIe!!I Ut Rtt)l4 g Pt iii eton L. ni et'.it . I

i' Ii .t.e.nh i ttte;rd ,t tat iii. tt phsii 1iti 1r ut the l tnptnit te It) tt.tttspf.t*it.ituna ))flI)t%)flht

It teLtti"t U' It.I1I tt)It)iHt anti i I 1w intinit ii U)tnttttttttt,Ii,tn.tf hilt .*aaIC 'IILICI)e% .Ll%i) 1,11 the 111k of thetht tt)t)' in the IHIHUItRht

I 1!Ver'.14H1 4)1 pill.!) % i stern eells:.tt'ti I }fli lani Ill UvWeI let) Iliqiles of I all it i)sII))plrs.5k PU ISII f.tI)% t tth t he tIM I Pt JUt ut 111)1)4 Wt te M?U1RI 1k)tth*I I tIlts) IL)!!) Ii i))litlt 5. tHIl ir 111.1111nt I r Ii )f.iIItt II)!!

IrIlpIerIts. .It!tf lit t lie t real ttwIIt i It tLtiti)itiiiIitltl( cf)se.zses:St ti' ties tnt. I)!t.111 it! I tIt.Ii 1(11 (% .ifti.*t Urn (Pt lt.tIRf)f)I u lekii,rtits ii! lit.!!). itsulig 1.itist tiiIiin,liigt.

/ P ef iiit, tI .#t. IS . R.tpft.tt! 11 .....I )Hif).&t!5i il lit

11)1. liii nfefs oftittluttIli tfIigIt.lj tutC1.tIii r .*iitf eri)i.tli(4!iieI)tti'pi /)'HU,/i?,.. 1:.i ).. 197.!.

1.t. I!I))ll4tt te ii4)ItIgt. .11)11 uIlIIt)tlrIUIl)guI.tl 14)1-elaine. IPtPi .f./,l,,F,I/fv,?, IS.lI

"'"&''. . :f!t 1. 1 ¶17.1.

I .t tI hr iItt. ttiittiiaeaat .tiatt I lit itataafnht*1 I r.tttspla Vtt.tI hUt ttikt tIlts e. I ?.iIR.I4IUfsI1Df.0 !i.., ,v,Iifl%.

11E'. I"72.

I hr ffl4l)lrItIs .tIIII ))t'.Iit 14.4W of lkU)e rlt.trri Itstrah)..pLI!t!atliiia Itt 1)1.11) the '.it.etI (OIIII)ulkif uIIIIl!hllI41-i kilt 141)4 5 s'. itifti )litr I S Ihe ?111.!I fl) 1lif /IPi,v

I If/lilt,'.. I II)). I '2.

.trIct )( Bata Irsi III St tidies i 11) 1 IW 151 )l.ti HUt CIIkilifItI H S tes .It I use ii! i elf .sitidiatrd I Itlilitilie responses. 1.I )rIIICJII'.t IJI 11)114)1 .111 Jet I. e k )ptihdtui It) III) 1)511111% thriticIc elk iii in. Palse Htr 111.11 II 15%. (J I/n/vp Iuiipvmv.fvv. I: .11).,.1972

anti K. Rntlesirn. Sittdits o) the )5i)IJtiifl) olft. itt>Iiut t. I I'. .it hi'i ii) i eII-iiietfittf I tIilllttIle l(5ffl)tt%Cii.11. the 1 ic '5t111 )( UI. deplet U U) .trltl test lUll 11)1! 01 urn tii lyef)4)f)t!lJtii)II It! t)1C tIlitItsI tIlt 111115. (ellhIll, Imiu,i,u.I','i.

1972

\l K K.lriatperet. El. ;i.U.ttad. . Sttadit..iita.JR 8.ut fat ti't .utii I 5. Ri,sttt. Ktnie ua;urtiw transpLna-(JUIII tt; i he set. III ti nnhijiivif itnnitinotIehtietae 5%'!)tlttittw. I 4, I.mt, f. 11: V I. 1971.

Bet ke. ( ;. .tittf K .IfP)I.tef Ii. I ASeS ( :IItjJa, mt tIlti III liii)-sltrherIts Sfnc ill. in s Itlo tieplet tilt! and t'reot.er P1

tIll )tIM Is itaph. '1(1 i elis WtISit wed tL.Iittst Jilt Igettie tutttctrs./'.11liui/ a,'

.tI.',Ip,,,,v. Ii':972. 1972.

)3tirksIPtl. K. .tiicl Raphael 11. Lese% . 1 )enhlHIsl EJIUPII of11111 ttltUt 11)11 II! S litil. /iut/.Ivi1riIwPi ,,/msi. 1:918.

197!.

Kt&rltsota. K. and Rut1th.n1 II. Leses St itches tnt theisiiIaiiott ut It inphi Sits atlute UI eeII-medhitcd immune

BEST COPY AWULBI.Et.,i. 111. Ffu tern (If ret)PVCit. of iflttIlttfleKU)V-

teflce bt. t.tIlu' His ft. uipfund cell poptslitunis tolfuts ingcr55.1) 11)11 4)1 chnatc JIll) llistt.It!tfl! 4,1 .11)1

(, I/u Iv,, !ueuhlo,tr,z. 1 Pt72.

.J( H IN N. Li KFNS l.I).. 11r()fC5s4), III Pecii.ItIks.:lk, h k. I )t.t. 1 tgradtiati IrdiiaI 511)04,1 aiid

triit.ersitv 1 ( ILIiIIUI i. l.i;s ,tigths. l9t9-7. ssistatitl'npkssc'r ill Petli.it:ics. 1. tiJ%t%flt. of 1s4 tilt! SIlkfl)f 4)1liliuiI,e: !971J-7 1. .ssocIate Profrtsin 'f ediatrus;

1!t71-7:. .SS4Ki.Ite I iifissit i)l Pec1ttt&ts. I tiltS [sitt S(I)i) of \1 cfid,ae t97:

. presein t.itik antI insti-

IIu.s( Lett tn-es. settainats .tnil rounds in pediatrit.. .11)1in larntatilug% toe pediattie 'aikaits anti st cfrtits.j((tit1)1 1I14 ii HItSI' 1*1 )))1 '.ui.tI thagriosis hItstudents; nIstruttilt it! IIIIIU.I) it!I(l I(5VJI III )IVIltJtI)II Igthit )M)sIIir.tcitIJ*V 111I,SSS f),IItIri}).)III III ngttItI.tte(.(IItI.Jt 14)11.11 j)fl)gtiLttIS.

-f d,mu,ilu,/u,u I)itre tt'. 1,rtliatrui ittttIt't)tIlllt lot titeIflIJI51 ncktIt%. 1!tt,9.7 I; ( :IlairUIJIl. (IltirSe Ill) tItedInal XIs))ei.lives tin first Seill IlleCfUfll stttdettts. 1970-71 I)iteiIiPI.P diatek KrsdrtIc't Prugr.trIl: t)jrettor. )rdjuItrie Ill-Pu).tirtli stt%UCV I )ireitur. FeIIttssship Piitgiaiii ut Pediat:iI leinati tiogs: ( :l'.tir-uiai,. ( :h.k K. 1 )ress StItellulIg( :UUIHIUU( for J4411a51)Il i'utincf.ttioti IIe.*Ith I'i,1it feL-tI)ssshli1 ( :ft1lirtti.I,t. i!ailsftIsiotI ( :OIflflIflu.

//,ttvllv/i Ptirt,,trv rese.ttch ,Ictivities Itase ieLtti'd ii, ironthIet.tlk,ltsttl ttttt 14) ttntrot tiaeth.ttatsttts Itit teti hiIIHIci tellpnKhttt1t)tt. 114,11 itttcrests hate hem used to ili.traiteriie.thttorn..tI mi'stht rInd In'aniislasjs ii) ultt1.tt)Ikt1.tiClr tatrs.\t )UtstI!t. tIMititli efforts .ttt ti)ttlMti 011 sdetted .Itp(rtsiii sickle aiII .Itie)nj.k the drtr,-mnlarl 15 of ttteseIsuhkinp)rv lii red Ilouci .t'fl nIellIbraties: tile getletit hiasis fnclintialk nuld chst4*sr: 1111(1 I)I( iiIilIieti sigiiihtaitce ofdctc'tt ite JIternate ; at Ii was at liv its I. r ii lIlt plettlenttIlt It .11 IOu III sjçkk cell .tlie$liia.

F. Jifit I )fli*1 II. laid. . Sleilfi /uss.,ui/ u/ Thwairi u/c/,,l,/,,p,.- ( :hli(II-(lI5 ( :anr .Sttuh (;rntzp : SA1A.st;t,d. J,5JJt)(l in leaching. 1(1 Best Traehrr.%i.!t(i. 1972.

Silty If ,/ ,gjl,1g, eslse'P?t:

I .uketa. .Juihrt. ( 1,att rd of ervi hiopoirsis ii' rats withad1uvdnt iniitstvd ehrnme influnnnaat urn. ISlvso,i. 41:37-44.1973.

I,ClSitlOj)hulitt it) ehiidrcii. I',/i,,ii,, (?/,,,,v ihi,,,,,, a. 9:9(i9-9f 1. 1972.

hletuiighuh,ti S. the P!!(!iZ))CCuLI%. and tlwspleen. .1 rn,pg,as, /(uua/ 0/ I)s.ireeu, / I 23:Oi-7.1972.

O5i

56 cot. I lemolytic disease. anemia. and hemorrhagic

disorders. Grade Iv, ihr Praci rr q. Newborn G, VanLeenwen. Ed. Chiaga: Year Book Publishers, 1971

. 1.1t .tolyti disease of the newborn (erythro-blastosis Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agran-ulosiosis. ( :renewer Prthaitti ninetpr. SiNth Edition. S. S.(;elks and B. M. Kagan. Eds. Philadelphia: W. B.Saunders Co.. 1473.

. Vitamin K and the older infant. :torments'mortal Sf Ae 124:tt1.',9-640, 1472.

and L. A. Neuman. Excretion and distributionof iron during chronic deferrixamine therapy. Mood.3H:614-622. 1971.

Bromberg. P. A.. W. N. jetr.en, John Lukens. 1.. H.Brubaker and C. E. Mengel. Hemotytic anemiaHemoglobin and it, abnormalities. ttematobv: PritfrIpteiand r. C. E. Mengel. hri and R. Nachman. Eds.Chicago: Year Book Medical Pullishrs, 1972.

Hyatt. R. W.. E. It. Adlst,in, J. E. Halazun and JohnLukens. Ultrastruture of the lung in idiopathic pulmo-nary hemosiderosis. Arnim an Primal of Atedti52:822-829. 1972.

Roloff. J. S. and John Lukens. Dissociation of crythro-Wasik and myeloblastic preliferatioa itr erythroleuke-'Ilia. Ammon foram/ 01 Mew% of Cfuldrrn. 123:11.13.1972.

C. ROBERT MASON. M.D.. PhD . Professor andChairman. Department of Surgery, University of Mary-land. 1954-56. Teaching Assistant in Paam;ogy. Univer-sity of Chicago; 1%0'4,, Teat hing Assistant in Physiolo-gy. Stanford University: 190-66. Acting Instructor inSurgery; l966-67. Instructor in Surgery; 1967-70. Assis-tant Professor of Surgery; 1970-71. Associate Professor ofSurgery; 1971- , Professor of Physiology. University ofMaryland; 1971- present rank and institution.

Teaching: Lectures and seminars in surgery fin- third andfourth year students. 1.4.ctures and seminars in gastroin-testinal physiology for first and second year students.Routine rounds and patient care in general surgery formedical students and house officers. Continuing educa-tion program at this institution. and various hospitals forpossible graduate education in various areas of physiolo-gy, thoracic. and general surgery. Development of sylla-bus for divisions of the Department of Surgery withexpectation of development of accompanying audio-vi-sual aids.

.4dminirattan: Stanford University: 1)ean's Search; Ad-missions Committee; Budget Committee; Chairman.Audio-Visual Committee; Curriculum Committee;Chairman, Surgical Curriculum. University of Mary-

05.3

land: Dean's Search; Chairman, !hospital DirectorSearch; Chairman. Anatootin. Department Search:Chairman, Neurosurgery Division Head Search; Chair-man. Preventive Medicine Department Search: SpaceAdvisory :ommitte: Chairman. C:ancer Center (:toin-ntittee.

1earth Gastroimstinal physiologs, autonomic controlof gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Effects ofsubstances such as es clic AMP and various hot mune% ongastric secretion.

/Oro. Advisor. Committee on Emergency Ser-vies of the Department ot Health and Mental Hygiene,State of Mars land Member. Board of Directors. Re-gional Planning otweil Entrgenc Medical ServicesDevelopment Corporation; Count :I, Maryland Chapter,American College of Surgeons. (.4 )ISU It a. i . BaltimoreVeterans Administration Hospital; Mercy Hospital,Bltimoie; Maryland General Hospital, Baltimore: Me-morial Hospital. Easton, Maryland; South BaltimoreGenera! llospital,

Selected publuMason, G. Robert. Hypothalamic coupling of gastricsecretory and motor function. Pb.D. the,sts itr Phrsorloqr.Stanford University, 1968.

_ . Surgicalresidencies past, present, and future.t *rutersup q.tfaorland &Imo,/ Mga( Bath-m 57:2. 1974.

. E. H. Eigenbrodt and H. A. Oberhelman, Jr.The role of intrinsic neural plxasi-:: in release of gastricantral gastrin. :lot how% of &wort. 90:895-898. 19t:5.

, J. NI. Guernsey, G. E. Hanks and T. S. Nelsen.Surgical therapy for radiation enteritis. On( otogr.22:251-257, 1968.

and T. S. .-4.1sen. Gastric secreory and motorresponses to anterior avian halamic stinallation..1nremon

journal Pbroothogr. 217:1771-1776, 1969.

and T. S. Nelsen. 14pothalamic stimulationand gastric seretioa in the dog. Amer:ran Journal ofPhYt,iologi. 213.21-24, 19%7.

. W. Northway and R. 8. Cohn. Difficulties inthe operative diagnosis of congenital atresia of the balmyductal system. .1 freeman journal of Surgeri. 112:183-187,1966.

Attar, S., J. Hankins. S. Turney, G. Robert Mason, R.gaTy.;ep, and 1. McLaughlin. Tracheal obstruction.Annals Thoraitc .encore, 16:555, 1971

Beck. C. S. and G. Robert Mason. Gastric peristalsis: astudy of regional rates of contraction. American journal ofSwim 119:217.220, 1976.

Smith, A. T., G. Robert Mason and H A. (Therhelman,Jr. The acute local effects of prednisone On ti.p gastricmucosa. Anternem Journal of Drgethre !),seams. 13:79-85.1968.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

KARL H. WENCH, MD., Professor of Medicine andAssociate Professor of Biochemistry, University of MiamiSchool of Medicine. 1969-73, Associate Professor ofMedicine and BitichemiAtry; 1973- , present rank andinstitution.

readung: Lectures to first year medical students on purineand pyrimidine metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism,the genetic code, and protein synthesis. Lectures andseminars to graduate students, medical students, andhouse officers on biochemical genetics and related clini-cal disorders. Instruction ofsecond year medical studentsin patient history-taking and physical diagnosis. Attend-ing physician in general medicine. Ph.D. Thesis Advisorfin. five biochemistry graduate students earning degreesin 1969, 1970, 1973 and 1974. Member of numerous otherPh.1). dissertation commit tees.

Arbutuntration: Chief, Division of Genetic Medicine,1968- ; Admissions Director, Ph.D.-M.D. Program,1971 -72; Director, Ph.D. -M.D. Program, 1972-73; medi-cal Curriculum Committee, Department of Biochemis-try, 1973- ; House Staff Program for Latin AmericanPhysicians, Department of Medicine. 1973-

Research: Purification, structure and function of t RNA.Quaternary structure and substrate binding of aminoa-cyl-t R: TA synthetases. Characterization of tryptophan-vl-rRNA synthetases of Escherichia coli and of humanplacenta and chronic lymphocytie leukemic lympho-cytes, including primary sequence determination of thiolpept ides.

Other: Leukemia Society of America Scholar. 1971- ;Research Career Development Awardee, 1971- ; Edi-torial Board, Fear Boot( of Cancer.

Selated itrublatat ions:Muench, Karl H. Chloroquine and synthesis of aminoa-cyl transfer ribonucleic acids. Conformational changes intryptophanyl and tryptophan transfer ribonucleic adds.Brochenristrr. 8:4880-4888, 1969.

_ Chloroquine and synthesis of aminoacyltransfer ribonucleic acids. Tryptophanyl transfer ribonu-cleic acid synthetase of Eseherichra colt and tryptophan-yladenosine triphosphate formation. Rrochemtstry.8:4872-879, 1969.

Fractionation of transfer ribonucleic acids onhydroxylapatite columns. Procedures. to Nucleic Acid &-Amick G.L. Cantoni and D.R. Davies, Eds. New York:Harper & Row, 1971,

_.. Preparation of aminnacyl transfer ribonucleicacid synthetases from Esoteric/no colt. Methods to MolecularBrologr. J. Last and A.I. Laskin, Eds. New Vork: MarcelDekker, 1971.

05b

58tet

%V,M. Awad. Jr. and %V. J. %Vire lan. Tlwexperimental N1.1). program for 1'11.1).s: an ealuatic,c; att he thre -ear mat k. journal q- Medical Educattntr,1974.

Joseph. 1).R. and Karl II. M clench. Tryptophanyltransfer rilxmucleic acid synthtase of c.hcro/occ (oh 1.

Purification of the etwrtne and of tiptophati transferribonucleic acid. ,/...recent of Brutal:Hal (:brinttry.246:7602. 7609, 1971.

Joseph. 1).R. and Kart 11. %Nevelt. Trvotophanyltransfer ribonucleic acid synthtase of Euherniner (a/. 11.Molecular weight. subunit structure. mann dr% I content.and substrate binding pntilertieS. "canna/ ft/ Iti,,trogir titChurn/V/1. 2.16:7610-711.1 7). 1971.

Veriers. N.S. and Karl 11. Miiench. Human placentaltryptophanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthtase. Puri-fication and subunit structure. Bon bum/ Or. 13:560.565,1974.

Ptinevs. N.S. and Karl 1i. Nlunch. !Inman trypto-phand transfer rilximicleic acid sytithetas. Comparisonof the kinetic 111et 113111SM to 111;11 of the Kt, lout bra tubtryptophan I transfer ribonucleic acid sylithtase.thermslfrr. 13:5tifi-:171. 1971.

Tatou. 11.1'.. Ai. Clallin and Kati 11. Mnerich. Tryp-tophain I transfer rilximielic acid VtItht:Ist front i111-plificvics of 1111111;1111111'011iC ty1111111rylit' leukemia. (..tIttt tRt won b. 31:1 i79-(,83. 1971.

(:11.%R I ,F,ti J. NAlit )RS..J R.. Ph.1)...%ssistarit Professoi1)epart merit of Anatomy and Ileac!. Ilitwhemistr%(:roup. Racliobiologr 1)kision. University of Utah.1965.4;7. !warm-tor. Department of .%natotin Universityof Utah: 1967 Assistant Professor. Department ofAnatom%; 1970 present rank anti institution.

rew, bmg: Lectures in histology and laboratory instructionfor medical students. Summet research projects for med-ical students. 1 art Ines. seminars and laborator% teaching!Or doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows. Participa-tion in improving the medic.. histology curriculum.

.1thrmintrabure: Regional Advisory Group. IntermountainRegional Medical Program. 190-70; Admissions Com-mittee.f :ollege of Medicine. 1969-70; Affirmative Actionand Minority Faettltv Rerrititmnt Committee. 1969 ;Reseanii Univrsity of Utah; 1974 .

I?tvinfh: Research efforts are centered on hormonalcontrol of cellular function and responses to internallydeposited radionuclides. Projects dealing with woundhealing and burn treatment. radioimmunoassay ofsteroid hormones and bitichemical effects of internallydeposited radionuclides.

05i

60

I

StSIet 00.1.

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Other: Director, Biochemistry Group. University c)f UtahRadiobiology Laboratory, 1969- Honors Commence-ment Address, University of Utah, 1970; ConsultantDivision of Plastic Surgery, Veterans AdrninistraticmHospital, Salt Lake City, 1973; Consultant, Basic ScienceEnrichment Program, University of New Mexico. Col-lege of Medicine, 1974: Trustee, Alberta Henry Educa-tional Foundation, 1969 ; Chairman, Utah Citizens forMcGovern, 1972; Vestry member, St. James EpiscopalChurch, 1973-.

Selected publications:Nabors, Charles J., Jr. The fibroblast cell cycle. G4PConference on Ammo .4 ad Afeterbotrorr and 4''ystic Ft brows.National Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Palm Beach, Flori-da, 1971.

Tumor incidence and biochemical changes inmale and female animals. Fundamental Nuclear EnergyResearch. A.E.C. Report to Congress, 1972.

_ _. and D.I.. Berliner. Corticosteroid metabolismduring wound healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatologr,52:465-473, 1969.

and J.S. Hinckley. Cortisol metabolism in skinof beagles bearing "'Am: a possible pre-neoplasticchange in steroid metabolism. Radiation Research, 1974.

W. Stevens and R.E. Maxwell. Comparativeeffects of 29Pu and "'Am on biochemical parameter:effects of dose and radionuclide burden time. Rachobiologyof Plutonium, Bj. Stover and W.S.S. Jee, Eds. Salt LakeCity: J.W. Press, 1972.

C.D. West, U.K. Mahajan and F.H. Tyler.Radioimmunoassay of human plasma cortieosterone:method, measurement of episodic secretion and adrenalsuppression and stimulation. Steroids, 23:363-378, 1974.

Berliner, MI.., W. Stevens and Charles J. Nabors, Jr.Biochemical effects of internally deposited radionuclides.Symposium on Delayed lqfects of Bone-Seeking Rani. nuclides,C.W. Mays, W.S. Jee and R. Lloyd, Eds. University ofUtah Press,.1969.

West, C.D., D.K. Mahajan, V.C. Chavre, Charles J.Nabors, Jr. and F.H. Tyler. Simultaneous measurementof multiple plasma steroids by radioimmunoassay de-monstrating episodic secretion. journal of (Arnica! Endo.°prolog, 36:1230-1236, 1973.

JOHN E. REMMERS, M.D., Associate Professor ofMedicine and Physiology, University of Texas MedicalBranch at Galveston. 1969-72, Assistant Professor ofPhysiology. Dartmouth Medical School: 1972-73, Visit-ing Scientist, Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology,Kamlinska Institute; 1974, Associate Professor of Physi-ology, Dartmouth Medical School; 1974-, present rankand institution.

Teat lung. Lectures and conferences On cardiovascular andrespiratory physiology- and pathophysiology. Seminars inrespiratory physiology for graduate students. !allures inenvironmental physiology and neurobiology- for under-graduates.

Adminntratoor Admissions (:onitnit tee. 1969-72; Chair-man. (ortimit tee on Equal ( )pport unity. 1970- 2; Dire-tor, Indian Program. 1970-72; Graduate Education(:onimittee. 1970-72; (:urricialurn (:ommitt, 1973-74.

Room/t: Research activities have related to the control ofrespiration in normal animals. Neural factors, both reflexand central. that regulate the motor act of breathing havebeen elucidated.

Other: Recipient of a Research Career DevelopmentAward.

Selo fed probluanonv:

Remmers,john E. Extra- segmental reflexes derived fromintercostal afferent.: phrnic and recurrent laryngealresponses. journal of Pinmutogy. 233:45-62, 1973.

. Inhibition of inspiratory activity by intercrstalmuscle Alirents. Revatenton flArologr. 10:358-383, 1970.

and H. Gautier. Neural and mechanical mech-anisms of feline purring. Re%peration ehrsrutugr.16:351-361, 1972.

and W.G. siaras. Effix.t of lateral cervical curdlesions on the respiratory rhythm of anesthetized. vagot-mintd cats. Plana Phrtrolov. 233.6344, 1973.

Bartlett, D., Jr. and John E. Remmers. Effects of highaltitude exposure on the lungs of young rats. RespnatomPhmologi, 13:116-125. 1971.

Bartlett, I)., Jr., .john F.. Remmers and li. Gautier.Laryngeal regulation of respiratory airflow. Rev/nationPhyoutogr. 18:205-221, 1973.

Gautier, I1., John F. Remmers and D. Bartlett, Jr.Control of the duration of expiration. Iletlaratom Phrsod-ogr, 18:191-204. 1973.

Mit heeler. JD.. John E. Remitters, G. laibieta and M.C.Nfithoefer. Pulmonary- gas exchange in Andean natives athigh altitude. &t/':ration Phrrolag. 15:182-189, 1972.

RICHARD F. RIESF.I.BACH. M.D., Professor andAssociate Chairman, Department cif Medicine. Universi-ty of Wisconsin Center for Health Sciences and Physi-cian-in-Chief. Department of Medicine. Mount SinaiMedical Center; (:oordinator for Academic Affairs. Uni-versity of Wisconsin Affiliation at Mount Sinai in Mil-waukee. 190-73, Associate Professor of Medicine; 1973 ,present rank.

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liachmg: Lectures and seminars in renal physiology andclinical nephrology for medical students, house staff andfellows. Attending rounds on clinical nephrology serviceand postgraduate education in clinical nephrology.

.4drunottration: President, Kidney Foundation of Wiscon-sin, 1969-70; Director, University of Wisconsin Nephrol-ogy Training Program. 1969 -74; Principal Investigator.University of Wisconsin Program Project Grant inNephrology and 1)irect or. Nephrology Group, 1971-74.

Research: Renal pathophysiology. Major research interestin this area has involved Emtic:nal characterization ofexperimentally diseased kidneys in animal models and ofthe chronically diseased kidney in man. Also, havecarried out in-depth studies offunction of the remainingnormal, hypertrophied kidney of transplant donors. Inaddition, have studied the mechanism of renal urateexcretion in man and attempted to determine the natureof defective renal urate elimination in some patients withgout.

Other: Editorial Board, Nephron: Medical and ScientificCommittee, Kidney Foundation of Wisconsin;Co-Dirrctor, Comprehensive Renal Program cif Wiscon-sin Regional Medical Program.

Selected publuatrons:Rieselbach, Richard E., LB. Sorensen, W.I). Shell) andT.H. Steele. Diminished renal urate secretion pernephron as a basis for primary gout. .4rurais of- InternalAteiht fur, 73:359, 1970.

and T.H. Steele. Influence of the kidney uponorate homeostasis in health and disease, Ametrean journalof Medicare; 56:665, 197.

Boner, (4., M. Newton and Richard F.. Rieselbach.Exaggerated carbohydrate-induced calciuria in the re-maining kidney of transplant donors. eridne7 laternatronal,3:24, 1973.

Boner, G.. W.D. Shelf), M. Newton and Richard E.Rieselbach. Factors influencing the increase in glower-ular filtration rate in the remaining kidney of transplantdonors. Ararrrean journal of Mee/rime, 55:169, 1973.

Gutmann. F.D. and Richard E. Rieselbach. Alteredeffect of furosemide upon the unilateral experimentallydiseased dog kidney. journal fy Labaratorr and MuralA-thew, 44:14, 1971.

Gutmann, F.D. and Richard F.. Rieselbach. Dispropor-tionat inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the unilat-erally diseased kidney of dog and man following an acuteWine load. Journal of Mural Inworgatron, 10:422, 1971.

Harrington. A.R. and Richard F.. Rieselbach. The ca-pacity for sodium conservation in rats with a reducedmedullary osmotic gradient due to hereditary hypothal-amic diabetes insipidus. :barman journal vvf Phriwbv.219 :384, 1970.

62Shop, .M.K. Woodworth, jr. arid Richard EKiselbach. Serial observations of renal histoloto andfunction of lupus nephritis patients reci inr, a/atlito.print .frchtt futtritai Mee/or:ie. 1211:T(ti, 1971.

Shell,. %I). and Richard E. It lest-lb:tell. The cited orfurosentitly on rtsithral 'althorns of the r litonn all\ dis-eased kidne% in num. rfifuu 8:127. 1971.

Zimmerman. S.W.. .L. (ioodfrind and Kir-hair, E.Rislbach. limit release by diseased and coin ralatera)normal dog kidneys following emu:it-4111:u nuittexpansion and fursmidt..Vrptrom. 10:21)2, 197:I

RI(:11AR1) I.. SIMN1( Piofssol of Stn gerYand Microbiolotrv. Ntitmesota.Assistant in Surgery. Columbia Viiiversit; 19b-68.basinful/a in Surgery. t 'Myra-sit y.Assistant Professor of SuitcrY and Nliciobiology.

y of Minnesota: 1970-72, Associate Piotessor ofSurgery- and Ntictithiologv: 1,171 present tank and in-stitution.

Tradortg: !allures and seminais iu cellulai ininitmologv,tumor immunology. and clinical transplantation formedical 1)11-rIN allti physicians. Generalsurgical lectures, conferences. ward and operating omit'teaching with house stall and medical students.

Admit:rotation: Hospital Infections (*.rmintit tee. 1971 .

DiNtsfr Committee. 19o9 ; Intern Advisor\ Committee. 1971 Clinical Research ( :enter Pnal ( :tannin -

tee. 191,9 : Research and licsitiricv (:ommittee, 1971;Associate 1)irector. (::meal ransplant:it ion. n i ciuf'Alinnesota, 1968 ; I hrector. Transplant:It ion Service.Minneapolis Veterans Atiministiatiou 1104,U:el. 1971.

16.eart (:linical research is carried out oil a thtv-to-davbasis primarily on renal transplant and tumor immtmo-therapy patients. Laboratory research in it itittirtology.especially tumor immunology. is based on attempts toitiorlif cell surfaces so that the inummogenicity of thecell is increased. ( :ells with increased Minium rgenicit v arcuslid for the development of vaccines against rancer.Cells or organs with diminished immtmogerticit\ mayallow transplantation with lessened ;ejection.

tither: alitrial ltoat-d. 7orn4Ploutorgern 1969 Imintitto-biology. Study Section ( Nil I ). 1971 ; Immunol-ogy (*airmail Review Group (N111). 1972-71; Interna-tional Registry of 1 'mum Immunotherapy N111 197''A( :5/ NI11 Organ ransplant Registry AdvisoryCommittee. 197(1 : Veterans Administration Singly:if11.1erit Review Board, 1972 ; Kidney Foundation of theUpper 11/41idest. Scientific :%civisoiv Board. 19119Board of Directors. 1971 . President. 1971-73; Subrom-

06 I lemodialysis and ilanspitination. Minnesota

Stan. NlediCal .Association. 1970 ; Executive (:onierlit-tr. Council on Dialssis and liatisplatitation. NationalKidney Foundation. 1973 ; Councilman-at-Larg, So-ciety of University Surgeons, 1974 ; Board of Scientific.(:csultants. Philadelphia (:hildresiN Hospital. 1974 .

fro' puhir,arbot,:Simmons. Richard R. C:oridie and J.S. Najarian.Antilymphoblast globulin 1iir renal allograft prolonga-taill. liamplanttemm l'N...f dos:: 4:)117-490. 1972.

. hiker and J.S. Najarian. Principles ofi minim( osuppressif )11. TrtitHHA .Cupg,vpi, Sabiston.Jr.. Ed. Philadelphia: W.14. Saunders. 1972.

UT.. hiker. R.R. Lower and ,j.S. Najarian.Transpians t ni. Prim riff,. ref Sur gf,f). s.j. somartz. }cc,G.T. Shin.., F.C. Spencer and Elf. Storer, Eds.New York: NIL-Grass-11111 !took Company, 197.1.and A. Rios. Diflrential effects of nuramin-idase on the niumugenicity of viral associated :owlprivate antigens of Milt:011;11N Carrilltettliks. journal 01

Inoffunolfq:), 111:11120-1827), 1973.

anti A. Rios. limitntherapv of cancer: nil-:mums ,Cilit. tveCtiott of IE.; its recipients Utininidas-treated iumor t ells plus 11(:6. .creciter',174:7)91.703, 1971.

and Rios. Netiraminidase treated cells andtheir role in cancer iiinnunotberapv. Ell:rror Theresp) rteGenett( 111,1/1 Alfa s: Original .ittrf If Serifs. R.J.Desnick. R, fiertilohr and W. Kris it. kids. New York:National Foundation. 1.173.

.X. Raps and 1 H. Kersey. Regression of spoil-Limon... mammary carcinomas using direct injections ofnetitaminidase and BUG. /control 14 Surgical Ite.srineh.12:57-61, 1972.

A. Rios and P.K. Ras. Regression of estab-lishd meths leholanthretie tumors bs intratunirrim's (of V ibrio cholera iwitraminidase. jifirourf 0/ .1.tercrr a/0,00/0g1. 1:298-105, 1972.

V ...I. ("rariga. E.S. LaPlante. T. J. l3uselmrier.(:.11. Kjellstrand and IS. Najarian. Pulmonar. compli-cations it: transplant recipients. .iichu-c% ot Surgery.10:);200-268. 197'2.

Najarian. J.S. and Richard I.. Simmons. Eels. Trans Ionunion. Philadelphia: Lea & Fbigr. 1972.

DAVID B. SKINNER. M.D.. Dallas Phemister Pro-fessor of Stutters and Chairman. Department ofSurgery.The Uniyersits of Chicago. Pritzker School of Medicine.1908-70. Assistant Professor cif Surgery. The Johns Hop-kins School of Medicine; 1970-72. AssociateProfessor of Surgery: 1972 Professor of Surgery; 1972 -.present rank and institution.

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nothing: Georrat and thoracic surgery fin third andfourth year medical students. interns. and residents.Gastrointestinal physiology for fast and second yearmedical students. Research advisor fror medical studentsand residents. Conduct weekly Grand Rounds and Mor-tality and Morbidity Conferenes On Department ofSurgery. Weekly ..as/ presentation conference 11w medicalstudents.

1dwuntttraton: Chairman. Department of Singers.; Direc-tor. General Surgery and Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery Residency Programs. 1972 ; Executive Com-mitte. Medical School, 1972 ; Search Committees for:President, The Johns Hopkins University. 1971; Dean,Division of Biological Sciences, The. University of Chi-cago, 1973; Chairman. Departments of Radiology andAnesthesiology; Chairman. Sections of Orthopedic Sur-gery. Pediatric. Surgery, Plastic Surgery. and Urology.Admissions Committee. 1908.71; Medic al RecordsCommittee; 1971-72; Co-director. .Academic SurgeryTraining Grant, 1908-72; [louse Staff Policy Cemunittee.1971-72.

kr.carch: Investigations of regional blood flow and itsalteration by pharmacological agents and mechanicalcirculators. assistance devices. Development and rfine-:»ent of circulatory assistance devices. Experimentalstudies of revascularizat ion of ishemic myocardium andintestine. Experimental and clinical studies of esophagealanti gastric function with special interest in the gastro-esophageal junction. Clinical studies of evaluation andtreatment for pulmonary and esophageal cancer.

Other: Assistant Editor. 1908-72 and Editor. 1972. .journal 0/Surcrtai keyeardr; Editor. Crowd ;Wm-. err StoguntRe.scarch, 190-7I; Chairman. Committee on Standardsand Specifications few Medical Devices. American Soci-ety for Artificial Internal Organs. 1971 ; Vice Chair-man. Markle Scholars Constitutional Committee whichlead to Fellowships in Health Policy Programs; EdwardD. Churchill Lecturer for Excelsior Surgical Society.1973: election to a number of surgical and scientificsocieties including the America() Surgical Association:other named or invited lectureships. and several visitingpn >fess( a-ships.

Selcod pabbeationA:Skinner. David B. The esophagus. Pathologic Plivoolog,Fifth Edition, W.A. Sodeman and W.A. Sodeman,Edi.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1973

. importance of the anatomical configura-tion of the cardia in preventing gastroesophageal reflux.Controem to Internal Atcrheine Ingelfinger, M.Finland. A.S. Reiman and R. Ebert. Eds. Philadelphia:W.B. Saunders Company. 1973.

Anderson. J., David B. Skinner. G.D. aliderna andJ.L. Anderson. Chronic pancreatic pleural effusionsSurge . GEnerologr and OhAtetrics. 137;827. 197:i.

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reigin. James, Jr.. P.P. Stitik, M.W. Donnerand David 13. Skinner. The radiological appearances ofhiatal hernia repairs. Rerfrotogr. 110:71, 1974.

.Jones. David 13. Skinner, T.R. Wester, R.C.Elkins and G.D. luiderna. Response of the interposedhuman colonic segment to an add challenge. Annals ofSurgery, 117:75, 1973.

Mazur. J.M.. David B. Skinner. Jones 'And G.D.Zuidema. Effect of transandominal vagotomy on thehuman gastroesophageal high-pressure tone. .Burger,,73:818. 1973.

Moossa, A.R., G.R. Cooley and David B. Skinner.Intraluminal and intraperitoneal pressures at the cardia:effect of hormones and surgical intervention. SurgrcalForum, 24:370, 1973.

Zarins. C.K. and David B. Skinner. Circulation inprofound hypothermia. journal of Surgical Research, 14:97,197:3.

Zarins, C.K., David B. Skinner, B.A. Rhodes and Al:.James, Jr. Hyperemia as a measure of viability inrevascularited ischemic intestine. Surgrcal Forum, 24:416,1973.

Zarins, C.K.. David B. Skinner, B.A. Rhodes and A.E.James. Jr. Prediction of the viability of revascularizedintestine with radioactive microspheres. Surgery, Gyne-cology and (*skim s, 138:576, 1974.

J. WAYNE STREILEIN, M.D., Professor and AssociateDirector, Department of Cell Biology and AssociateProfessor of Medicine, Southwestern Medical School.University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas.1968-71, Associate Professor of Medical Genetics andAssistant Professor of Medicine. University of Pennsyl-vania School of Medicine; 1971-, present rank and insti-tution.

l'fachnig. Southwestern Medical School: Course directorand lecturer, human genetics; lectures in immunologyand cell biology; attending rounds in medicine; consul-tative rounds in hematology for house staff and fellows;training of graduate students in immunology. Universityof Pennsylvania: Lectures in medical genetics, immunol-ogy and immunopathology.

iidnarustration: Southwestern Medical School, 1971 :

Associate Director. Department of Cell Biology; Chair-man, Faculty Seminar Program: Director, GraduateProgram in Immunology; Member: Curriculum, Promo-tions, Tenure and Student-Faculty Relations Commit-tees. University of Pennsylvania. 1968-71: Member: Ad-

OB missions Committee; Ad Hoc C:ommidee onGovernatur.

Re+eanit: Immunobioloigy and immunopathology withspecial emphasis on transplantation. Studies on patho-genesis of graft- versus -host disease. Present research isdirected at mechanisms of immunoregulat ion. especiallywith regard to the ink of the spleen.

Other: Editorial Board, liar:Worth:non. :tieniber: Ameri-can Association of Immunologists; The TransplantationSociety; American Soviet,. for Clinic-al Research; F.xperi.mental Iii.matology Society.

&lead publicationt:Strilein, J. W. An analysis of graft-versus-host disease inSyrian hamsters. IV. Alterations in Is:mphoid tissues andtheir relation to t he refractory st Journal of EVieli-mental Medicine, I:VI:7067. 1972.

. Bone marrow transplantation: immunologicconsideration and current status. (.honer Cheinotherapi. AFLthe Twentr-Seiond Hahnemann Si. mpotium,I. BrodskY, S.B.Kahn and JAI. Mover, Eds. New York: Grun & StrattonInc.. 1972.

. A common pathogenesis for the lesions ofgrail-versus-host disease. 7iancp/ardaway Pr0scedmgc,3:418, 1971.

and R.E. Billingham. An analysis of graft-versos-host disease in Syrian hamsters. 1. The (Titter-molvtic sndrome: description and studies on its pro.curemem Journal of Eipentnental Medi, inc. I32:163, 1970.

and R.E. An analysis of graft-yersus-b rst dis-ase irr Syrian hamsters. U. The (inter.Inc tic lidt4 Fltle! studies on its pathogenesis. Jammu` tell: a prrnru ntal .11eilti mi. 132:181. 1970.

and R.E. Billingham. Au analysis of the genetic.rep:netnews fior delayc1 cutaneous hypersensitivity re-actions to transplantation antigens in mice. JusnatExperimental Meth, ine. 131:409. 1970.

. and E.A. Ilildreth..1.01erance to bovine ganiniaglobulin itr adult guinea pigs. jowled of brirounotoo,96:1027. 1966.

and M.J. Stone. GVII disease: unmasking offOrbidden clones. Trantplantation Proieeilingt, 22:39. 1972.

and J.S. Streilein. An analysis of graft-versus-host disease in Syrian hamsters. III. Hematologic man-ifestations: description and softiies on pathogenesis.Tramplantanon, 13:378, 1972.

and J.S. Strrilin. Immunologic reactivity toweak transplantation antigens: factors which favor sensi-tizat um rather than tolerance. isswat thr National Cancer

31:1389-1393, 1973.

FRANK P. STUART, MI)... Professor of Surgery andImmunology, .1.1:r Universit of Chicago. 1966-69. Assis-

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Cant Prolesst,; 1969.73, Associate Professor; 1973- ,pent rank and institution

7;.aching: Lectures in surgery and immunology for medi-cal students. Bedside rounds on general surgical andkidney transplant patients with medical students andsurgery house staff. Guidance of graduate and postdoc-toral students in immunobiology research projects.

Adtrtmotratton: Variety of hospital committees; Dean'sAdvisory Committee; assorted faculty search commit-tees; head, organ transplantation; head, general surgerysee kr.

Reward,: Research has focused on understanding themechanisms of organ graft rejection and the specificsuppression of rejection in rats and rabbits.

Other: Editorial Board, Trarnplantation; Associate Editor.Journal of Steroid Rewind:: Scientific Advisory Board,Illinois kidney Foundation.

Santa priblitta14411,%;

Stuart, F.P. Immunological enhancement of transplant-ed organs. Immunobignal .4 %peat Tramplantatton Singen.,R.Y. Caine, Ed. Medical and Technical Publishing Co.,Ltd.. 1973.

. 'Transplantation. Current Problrin, irr snit:fir.Monthly Monograph. Yearbook Medical Publishers,August 181i8.

E. !Loner'. A. Hotter, Fitch and W.L.Elk us. Role of passenger leukocytes in the mice:ion ofrenal allografts. nantplantatton Piocreihno. 3:161, 1971.

F.W. Fitch, 1).A. Rowley.,J.L. Biesecker. K.E.liellstrom and I. Ilellstrom. Presence of both cll-mediated immunity and serum blocking factors in ratrenal allografts -enhanced" by passive immunization.lianiplantation. 12:331. 1971.

, T. Garrick, A. Holier, A. Lynch and E.Bastien. Delayed re:xenon of renal allografts in the ratand dog by reduction of passenger leukocytes. Surge,70:128, 1971.

, T. Saitoh and F.W. Fitch. Specific immuno-logist suppression of renal allograft rejection. Si 'rine.160:1463. 1968.

E.T. Torres. W. J. Hester, (:.J. Dammin andE.D. Moore. Orthotopic amotransplantation and alto-transplantation of the liver: functional and structuralpatterns in the dog...fremdi es/ Sin ?rot. 263:.12, 1967.

E.T. Torres and F.I). Maa. the associationcif upper gastrointestinal ulceration and orthotopie h-patic alkrtranspiantatiorr in the clog. lianplantat son.3:804, 1967.

Bieseeker, FM. Fitch, D.A. Rowley, D. Scotlandand E.P. Stuart. Cellular and [tumoral immunity after

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allogenrit transplantation in the rat H. t :iimparison ofa'1'4 release assay and nap:lifted ticytotosiity iissayfur detection of cellular immunity and blocking serumfactors. liamplantation. 1ti:421, 1973.

linker. A.R., M.R. Neu .'1' Mel:emit. A.F. 1.ynch andF.P. Stuart. Abrogation Of hyperacnte rejection of renalallografts by pepsin digest fragments of antidonor an-tibody, Tramptantooffrio rtotertimp. 5:593. 1973.

Kt X:FIR S.11 )1NIKIN, M.1)., C.M., KRA :.P. (C), Assis-tant Professor. Department of Paediatrics. University ofBritish Columbia. 19103 present rank and institution.

rachmg: 1,etures and seminars in health care for chil-dren and community medicine for medical students andother health professionals. l)velipment of a teachingprogram in primary health care for medical students, anda series of slide-tap presentations in the fields of healthcare and community medicine.

Adminittration:Executivel)irmt or, REACII Cent re Ass-ciation, 1970.74; Head. Department of Paediatrics, St.Paul's Hospital. 1971-72; Medical Director, HealthCentre for Children, Outpatient Department, 1972.73.

Reeareb: Research activities have been in the field ofhealth care evaluation and IlOptilatUM surveys.

ether Task Force on Communication Impairments,Department of health Services and Hospital Insurance.Province of B.C.; Committee on Colimunity HealthCentres. Canadian Paediatric Society; Committee onNurse Practitioners. University of B.C.; Indian HealthCommittee, B.C. Medical Association; Committee onCommunication Impairments. I lealth Security ProgramProject; Indian !leak h Committee, Canadian PaediatricSociety; Unmet Needs Committee. Canadian PaediatricSociety; I lealt h :olittnit tee, Social Planning and ReviewCouncil of B.C.

Selected frabbrationA:

Tonkin. R.S. Health needs of inner city children. RAUConference on l 'nmet Need% al Canadian Children. Montebello,May 1973.

. Of physicians present and future. Braga/Columbia Medical .itotanal. Vol, 12, No. 7, 1970

. . A projection of figure needs for hospital bedsand ambulatory facilities Air children. ltithAll ColumbiaMedical journal. 12:30:i. 1970.

. . . The REACH Centre A review of three years'experience. Canarhan Pardiatin Soctetr. 1%eat-iontli AnnualMeeting. Calgary. Albertajuly 15-19, 1972.

, S. Israel% and C.S. Finch. Conimunity health

centre survey. Canadian Poethatm Sofrets. Potv-Hinth mudMerino:. Calgary, Alberta, Jul.. 15-19, 1972.

G.C. Robinson and C.W. Kinnis. Healthindices in Indian versus non-Indian families. CanwhattParehatth Suarth Fottr-reghth Mittrit Meeting. Quern'sUnisersits. Kingston, Ontario. June 12-16. 1971.

G.C. Robinson and C.W. Kinnis. A study ofkindergarten children in three socio-economic areas ofBritish Columbia. ',twilit Se-tt-fte% ketrortA. 88:947-9%,1973.

G.C. Robinson, Shah and C.W. Kinnis. Astudy of pediatric bed utilisation and some implicationstor regional planning. Boteth Cuinantred Matta! Intend.Vol. 1.1, ;No. 12, 1971.

Moirs. J.G., A.A. Larsen. R.S. Tonkin and G.A. Willis. Anew team approach in developing a comprehensiveprovince-wide poison control program. .lratual Meeting ofthe American A rrrattthnn fat Porton Gornto! Cashel. Chicago,October 1968.

FRANK M. VASU, M.D., Associate Professor of Neu-rolog Universit of California. School of Niedicine. SanFrancisco. 1%9.71. Assistant Professor; 1971- , presentrank and institution.

Ted, lung: Lectures and founds on neurology and none-chemistry for medical students. residents, and postgrad-uate education.

.1rimmotrotrim: Chief, Neurology Service, San FranciscoHospital; Director, Stroke Research Program Project.

ReAratch: Studies assessing energy metabolism. includingoxidative phosphorylat ion and energy charge, and phos-pholipid metabolism during reversible and irreversiblebrain ischemia.

Other: Trustee, Brown University; Committee on Medi-cal Education, Brown University: Editorial Board,Strede;Research Committer -of the American Heart Association;Examinations Commit tee. American Board of Neurologyand Psychiatry; member of various local and nationalcommittees.

Srtri 1041 MINI( 011101%:

F.N1 Rifs 11411111% of cerebral Infarction. Meta-bolic and Deficiency Diseases. Handbook weChnted Nentot-n, Vol. 31. PI Vinken and G.W. Bruyn, Eds. Amster-dam: North-Holland Publishing (:ompany. In press.

. Effect on lipid metabolism of reduction of theenergy state. Ntnth Printalint Goktitnce. net Cetebrol Vattnlatnttratet. New York: Grunt. & Stratton. Inc.. 1974.

. Lipid disorders of the nervous system inlud-

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ing at hen ro,.1trosis. hac it fit New, minim %hr. M.M. Cohen.Ed. Hagerstown: Ifoeber and Company. 1974.

. Membrane lipids and brain ischemia. CurrentCorn rph ;If CeleburtYtteltiat M %caul - Sitar', 1974.

. . P. Lindquist and C. Grarliano. An experiment -tat model of brain ischntia combining hypotension andhypoxia. StroAe, 5:32-40, 1974.

and S. Moss. Chain elongation of linolic andlinolenie acids by brain mitochondria. ournat u/ Newt,-t how Aim 19:11113-1815, 1972.

, S. Moss, F. Connolly and I.. Nelson. Elonga-tion of fatty acids in human brain tissue. journal ir/NentochrtntAttr. 20:621-624. 1973.

D.R. Wesson and E.E. Smith. Amphetamineabuse. ifetfocul .4 pert.% of Drug .16u3e, Richter. Ed.New York: Harper & Row. 1974.

Lee, I.-W and F.M. Yatsu. ATP synthesis by mitochon.dria of brain synaptosomes. journal of Xemothenn-vhr. htpress.

Lee. 1. -W and F.M. Vatsu. The effect of 6-aminobut yrieacid on brain mitochondrial ATP synthesis. journal ofScutothantAtry. In press.

06.;

THETREASURER'SREPORT

SUMMARY1*.M.,1---,1101

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To continue the practice begun in 1973 ofreporting the Foundation's assets in terms ofmarket value rather than book value, theMarkle Foundation's Principal Fund at June30, 1974 was $49,180,687. This represents adecrease in the market value of the Founda-tion's Principal Fund investments from$59,740,210 at June 30, 1973.

The book value of the Foundation's PrincipalFund increased during the year from$34.656,419 to $35,806,596. The accumulatedunexpended realized gains since the inceptionof the Foundation amount to $20,042,622.

Changes in holdings and market values haveMen wed the holdings of bonds, mortgage loan

participation. commercial and other notesfrom 16.1 per cent to 25.2 per cent. Theholdings of common stocks have decreasedfrom 83.9 per cent to 74.8 per cent.

The income received for the year ended June30, 1974 was $1,683,332, an increase of$308,767 from the previous year. Appropria-tions aggregated $2,029,795. The current re-turn on the market value of the Foundation'sassets at June 30, 1974 was 3.42 per cent.

The securities of the Foundation are in thecustody of Morgan Guaranty Trust Companyof New York, which also gives investmentadvice and counsel.

THEAUDITORSSTATEMENTBoard of DirectorsThe John and Mary R. Markle Foundation:

We have exam;ned the balance sheet of TheJohn and Mary R. Markle Foundation as ofJune 30, 1974 and the related statement ofchanges in fund balances for the year thenended. Our examination was made in accor-dance with generally accepted auditing stan-dards, and accordingly included such tests ofthe accounting records and such other auditingprocedures as we con,idered necessary in thecircumstances.

In our opinion, the aforementioned financialstatements present fairly the financial position

of The John and Mary R. Markle Foundationas of June :30, 1974 and the changes in itsresources for the year then ended, in confor-mity with generally accepted accounting prin-ciples applied on a basis consistent with that ofthe preceding year. The supplementary datapresented in Schedules 1 to 5 have been sub-jected to the same auditing procedures and, inour opinion, are stated fairly in all materialrespects when considered in conjuncti.r. withthe basic financial statements taken as awhole.

August 7, 1974

Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co.

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Plum BALANCESHEET

tot tort IMAM June 30, 1974

EXIIIBIT A

ASSKI's

Cash S 57,995

Investments, at quoted market value (average cost orfair market value at date of gift, $37,847,756) 49,180,687

$ 49,238.682

LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES

Liabilit ies:

Unpaid appropriations 2,014M7

80.292Federal excise tax payable. (note 2)

Taxes withheld 4,166

2,099,155

Fund balances (Exhibit IS):

Priiwipal -expendable:

C:ontributie ms S 15,763X4

Net realized gain on investment transactions 20,042.622

Net unrealized appreciation on investments 11.332,931

7,139,527

Inc.enne

-.....111. 47,139,527

$ 49,238,682

aSee accompanying notes to financial statements on page 73.

STATEMENTOF CHANGES INFUND BALANCES

Year ended June 30, 1974

BEST COPY AVIIIIJIRIF

EXHIBIT B

PRINCIPAL 1.1.7ND

Balance at beginning of yearS 57,827,919

Addition:Net realized gain on investment transactions

2,088,744

59,916,663Deductions:

Allocation to income fund for supp,... .tfcut rent year's programs

$ 938,567Net unrealized depreciation on investments

11,838,569,.....

12,777,136Balance at end of year

$ 47,139,527

See accompanying notes to financial statements on page 73.

72Statement of Changesin Fund Balances. continued:

BM COPY PO ME

Year ended June 30, 1974

EXHIBIT B

INCOME FUND

Income:

Interest $ 913,980

Dividends 769,352

1,683,332

Less investment service fees 93,396

1,589,936

Expenditures:

Appropriations approved (net of refundedand cancelled appropriations of $33,802) $ 2,029,795

Projects:

Conferences for Scholars in Academic Medicine 56,511

Other 58,650

Administrative and general:

Compensation and benefits $ 183,032

Provision for Federal excise tax 80,000

Rent 38,834

Other 81,681 383,547

2,528,503

Excess of expenditures over income (938,567)

Allocation from principal fund for support of current year's programs 938,567

Net change for year

See accompanying notes to financial statements on page 73.

07u

NOTESTO FINANCIALSTATEMENTS

BEST COPY AVAILABLE June 30, 1974

(1) The accompanying financial statementshave been prepared on the accrual basis ofaccounting and accordingly reflect all sig-nificant receivables and payables, includ-ing unpaid appropriations approved by theBoard of Directors at the end of the year.The resources of the Foundation are ac-counted for in two fund groupsprincipaland income. The principal fund reflectscontributions and realized and unrealizednet gains on investments. Income frominvestments, appropriations approved,projects, and administrative and generalexpenditures are reflected in the incomefund. The Foundation allocates gains oninvestment transactions from the principalfund to the income fund in an amountnecessary for support of operations.

The Foundation follows the practice ofcharging furniture and equipment acquisi-tions against income. Such acquisitions arenot included as fixed assets in the accom-panying financial statements.

(2) The Tax Reform Act of 1969 imposes anexcise tax on net investment income. Ac-cordingly, the Foundation is liable forFederal excise tax for the year endedJune 30, 1974.

(3) The Foundation has a retirement planunder arrangements with Teachers' Insur-ance and Annuity Association and CollegeRetirement Equities Fund which providesfor purchase of annuities for employees.Retirement plan expense for the year was$22,477. Also, the Foundation made addi-tional pension pivments of $10,000 to aformer employee.

P7A SUMMARY BEST COPY AVAILABLE

f-I4 OF INVESTMENTSJune 30, 1974

SCHEDULE 1

Averagevost or

fair marketvalue at

date of gift

Quotedmarketvalue

Percentageof total at

marketvalue

Bonds, notes and certificates of deposit:

Financebanks 6,200,000 6,1 92.345 12.6%

Public utility 958,535 649,781 1.3

Industrial and other 5.672,926 5,375,454 10.9

12,8:31,461 12,217,580 24.8

Mortgage loan participation 221,813 183,427 .4

Common stocks 24,794,482 36,779,680 74.8

Total $ 37,847,756 49,18%687 100.0%

INVESTMENTS BEST COPY AVAILABLEJune 30, 1974

SCHEDULE 2

DESCRIPTIt

Faceamount

ckr numberor shares

Averagecost or

fair marketvalue at

date cif gift

Quotedmarketvalue

Finance-banks:

Chemical Bank N.Y. 11.03'7( Jul. 1974 $ 1,000,000 1,000,000 998,920Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co.:

111/2% Sep. 1974 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,497,63011.8% Sep. 1974 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,998,040

First National Bank of Chicago 11.4% Aug. 1974 1,000,000 1,000,000 999,030Mellon National Bank:

11.1% Sep. 1974 200,000 200,000 199,56011'2% Sep. 1974 500,000 500,000 499,165

$ 6,200,000 6,200,000 6,192,345Public utility bonds:

American Telephone and Telegra h Co.24,41 1975 75,000 75,068 70,500

Buffalo Niagara Electric Corp. 1st 214% 1975 100,000 100,938 91,750Florida Power & Light Co. 1st via 1986 100,000 100,000 63,625Pacific Gas and Electric Co. 1st and ref. 3% 1979 200.000 208,816 151,000Pennsylvania Electric Co. 1st Rs% 1986 200,000 203,713 119,000United Utilities Inc. S.F. deb. 41/4% 1989 270,000 270,000 153,906

$ 945,000 95,535 649,781

Industrial and other bonds:

Aluminum Co. of America 9% May 15, 1995 400,000 397,000 390,000Atlantic Richfield Co. undivided interest in demand note 738,000 738,000 738,000Ford Motor Com any notes 7.4% 1980 1,000,000 956,400 940,000Four Corners Pipe Line Co. 5% 1982 61,000 61,000 51,545General Electric Co. undivided interest in demand note 22,000 22,000 22,000General Electric Credit Corp. romissory notes 5% 1975 225,000 225,000 214,875GTE Sylvania Inc. undivided interest in demand note 703,000 703,000 703,000B. F. Goodrich Co. notes 314% 1977 82,211 82,211 69,673Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited notes 534`i; 1991 440,000 440,000 337,700International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment 8's% 1995 200,000 200,000 197,000International Harvester Credit Corp.undivided interest in demand note 123,000 123,000 123,000

0

76 BEST COPY Pr'' mAT.

1)EM:101)Th rs;

i..14

aterereriet

rre trumbeeeri shams

.V ridgyust erl

lair market11414

date d gift

e14144411

ebte ktvalue.

Monsanto Co. 9!'ar:i 2000 $ 400,000 :197,000

398,01X)

396,000P.P.G. Industries, Inc. 9'; 1995 400,000 388,000

351,611Plychatnp Corp. notes 71A`:; 1989 431,424 431,424Roman Catholic Bishop of Miami, Florida

direct obligation notes 5`.; 1976 300,000 300,655 277,050Scars, Roebuck Acceptance Corp. sub. deb. 4Y7; 1977 200,000 198,236

5,672,926

176,000

5,375,454$ 5,725,635

Mortgage loan participation:

F.H.A. Insured Mortgage of Abilene AFBHousing No. 2 Inc. ri; 1982 $ 220,334 221,813 183,427

Common stocks:

Alton Laboratories Sits. 4,500 $ 75.956 100,688American Home Products Corp. :30,0(X) 518.343 1,207.500.

968.750AMP, Inc. 25,000 325.780Avon Products. Inc. 12,000 576,090 570,000Betz Laboratories, Inc. 2,000 40.310 67,500Black & Decker Manufacturing Co. 31,2(X) 870,367 1,076.400Carrier Corp. 20,000 532,267 212.500Charles River Breeding Lab.. Inc. 1,500 49,125 35.250Chemed Corp. 4,000 94.343 71,000Chubb Corp. 20.250 830,250 620,156Citicorp 12,000 451,740 372,000

1,620,000Coca-Cola Co. 15,000 1,518,75(1Deluxe Pt inters, Inc. .2,500 85,250 ti6.250Dillon Companies, Inc. 2,704 59,395 86,866Dow Chemicals Co. 30,000 1,495.466 1,961,250Eastman Kodak Co. 16,288 116,480 1.01,916Economics Laboratory. 1,0(10 43,375 3'4875General Motors Corp. 15,578 406,773 757.480General Reinsurance Corp. 4,000 816,400 612,000Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. 50,000 818,309 825.000I la Iliburton Co. 8,000 620,379 1.135.000

0 7 .1

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

HESCKIPTION

Averagecost or

fair marketNo. of value atshams date of gift

Quotedmarketvalue

International Business Machines Corp. Shs. 14,608 $ 391,889 3,107,852International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. 20,450 511,811 71:5,194International Nickel Co. of Canada Ltd. 30,000 1,113,968 832,500S. S. Kresge Co.

23,000 766,681 782,000Lubrizol Corp.

10,000 374,513 387,500McI)onalds Corp.

10,000 472,390 478,750Merck Co.

12,000 441,823 942,000Millipore Corp.

2,000 104,412 79,000Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. 14,000 786,013 1,029,000Molex, Inc.

2,000 74,625 58,000J. P. Morgan & Co., Inc.

21,616 646,023 1, I 18,628National Chen's< Arch Corp. 2,000 91,720 87,000New England Nuclear Corp. 2,000 92,364 58,750Northrup King & Co. 4,000 90,000 67,000J. C. Penney Co.

12,000 701,082 870,000Philip Morris. Inc.

14,000 832,125 763,000Pickwick International, Inc. 3,120 67,398 37,440Procter & Gamble Co.

16,000 760,789 1,596,000Pullman. Inc.

10,000 695,127 507,500Research Cottrell, Inc.

1,200 73,006 10,650Schering-Plough Corp. 15,000 251,157 982,500Jos. Salk?. Brewing Co.

15,000 902,420 678,750Schlumberger, Ltd.

15,000 514,128 1,475,625Sears, Roebuck & Co.

10,000 785,038 828,750Standard Oil of California

20,00C 885,015 5:35,000Standard Oil of Ohio

10,000 707,500 517,500Texaco, Inc.

20,000 492,637 502,500Tennessee Valley Bancorp, Inc. 3,000 89,500 46,500Walt Disney Productions, Inc. 15,680 307,098 678,160Weyerhaeuser Co.

48,000 :380,071 1,764,000Xerox Corp.

10,000 43,011 1,151,250

$ 24,794,482 36,779,680

78 ADMINISTRATIVE B51 CI" 41411ft

AND GENERAL.EXPENDITURES

Year ended June 30, 1974

SCHEDULE 3

Salaries $ 146,152Pensions and employee benefits 36,880

Provision for Federal excise tex 80,000Rent 38,834

Office supplies and sundry expenses 12,998

Printing 21,564

Professional services 17,000

Meetings and conferences 17,237

Telephone and telegraph 4,822Office equipment 2,457Book purchases and subscriptions 5,603

Total $ 383,547

APPROPRIATIONS FM COPY AVAILPRIE Year ended June !IC), 1974

SCHEDULE 4

RECIIIENT AN1) PURPOSE Unpaidfun. :10, 1973

Appro-priatedduring

year

Paidduringyear

UnpaidJun. 30, 1974

Academy for Educational Development, Inc.

Support of Aspen Program onCommunications and Society(payable to Aspen Institute) S 66,000 (66,000)T

Action for Children's Television

General support150,000 50,000 100,000

The American University

Support of a study on newspaperfailures

106,000 106,000Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies

Support of Aspen Program onCommunications and Society

Partial support for a long-term seniorfellow in communications

196,875 66,000T

133,00

96,875

132,750

166,000

250Cable Arts Foundation, Inc.

Support of the development of artsprogramming on cable television

65,213 65,213California Center for Research andEducation in Government

Study of the role of the media in thegubernatorial campaign in California 20,000 20,000

University of California, Los AngelesSchool of Law

Establishment of the CommunicationsLaw Program

Further support of the CommunicationsLaw Program

63,285

81,000

63,285

81,000University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Psychiatry

Support of a field study on the effectsof television on children

112,000 10,000 102,000

80RECIPIENT AND PURPOSE

3 COPY 101011111

Appro-priated Paid

I upaid during during UnpaidJun. 30, 1973 year year Jun. 30, 1974

University of California, San FranciscoU.C. Extension

Support of a project using commercialtelevision to provide public healtheducation

Final support of the TelevisionHealth Information Project

$ 175,000

14,000

175,000

14,000

University of California, Santa CruzOffice of Instructional Sciences

Study of the feasibility of providingCATV programming to the Santa Cruzcampus and surrounding communities 5,000 5,000

Center for Understanding Media, Inc.

Support of a study on independentfilmmaking

Completion of the study on independentfilmmaking

105,000

8,500

105,000

8.500

Claremont Graduate SchoolCenter for Urban and Regional Studies

Support of a project to increase theeffectiveness and use of Spanish-language-only television stations inthe Los Angeles area 64,777 21,593 43,184

The Cleveland State UniversityDepartment of Communication

Preparation of a volume of studies,ll'atergene and the Mass Media 4,000 401X)

Columbia UniversityGraduate School of Journalism

Support of the Columbia journalismReview 80,000 40,000 40.000

010

REST COPY R'

RECIMEN AND 1,17 R POSEnpaid

j um:W.1973

Appro.1sriatedduring

year

Paidduringwar

25,000

Unpaidjun.30,1974

Committee for Econotnic Development

Further support of the development ofa policy statement on the economic andsocial impact of the broadcast media

Committee on Children's Television, Inc.General support 15,000 15,000

Duke University, Institme ofPolicy Sciences and Public Affairs

Establishment of a Center tafCornmuniations Policy 300,000 100,000 200,000

EDUCOM (Interuniversity CommunicationsCouncil, Inc.)

Support of a conference on the potentialuses of cable television by universities

Support of research planning on specialinterest audiences for television

18,000

5,400

1 8,00(1

5.400Educational Broadcasting Corporation

Study of the viewing habits, awareness ofand attitudes toward public televisionin the Spanish-speaking community ofNew York

15,000 15,000Festival International du Film

For the shipping costs of taking andreturning a selection of the best Americanindependent films to the Cannes,FilmFestival 2,000 2,000

The Foundation Center

General support2,000 2,000

The Fund for Investigative Journalism, Inc.

General support

Further support37,500

60,000

37,500

60,000

82 BM GO UMW%

RECIPIENT AND PURPOSEUnpaid

jun.30,1973

Appro-priatedduring

year

Paidduring

yearUnpaid

jun.30,1974

Harvard University

Support of the Program on InformationTechnologies and Public Policy

Further support of the Program onInformation Technologies and Public Policy

S 30,110

76,000

30,110

38,000 38,000

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc.

Support of a study to determine thefeasibility of establishing pay televisionto transmit live performances fromLincoln Center 76,700 76,700

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCenter for International Studies

Support of the Communications PolicyResearch Program

Further support of the CommunicationsPolicy Research Program

50,000

75,000

50,000

75,000

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Political Science

Support of an inventory of surveyquestions concerning the televisioninterests of the American public 4,985 4,985

University of MassachusettsJournalistic Studies Program

Support of an expanded version of thesurvey of New England daily newspapers

Support of an evaluative conference onthe New England daily newspaper survey

31,000

4,500

31,000

4,500

Melia Access Project

General support 50,000 50,000

RFST COPY AVAILABLE

RECIPIENT AND PURPOSE UnpaidJun. 30, 1973

Appro.primedduring

year

Paidduringveer

Unpaidjun. 30, 1974

Mellen Fund For A Free AndResponsible Press

Support of the production of a booklet onpractical guidelines for training minoritiesfor professional status in the news media 16,342 16,342

University of MichiganInstitute for Social Research

Support of a research program on thesocial context of the mass media 82,500 82,500

The National News Council

General support

125,000

50,000T 50,000 125,000New York UniversitySchool of the Arts

Support of the Alternate Media Center 281,250 168,750 112,500Race Relations Information Center

Support of three seminars on racerelations reporting 50,000 50,000

The Rand Corporation

Support of a Communications PolicyProgram

Support of research on identifying andmeasuring the size of special interestaudiences for public television

Support of the publication and distributionof a study cm new evaluation methods for"Sesame Street" and -The Electric Company"

:350,000

35,000

2,500

200,000

2,500

150,000

35,000

The Riverside Press Council

Support of a press council in Riverside,California, affiliated with the RiversidePress Enterprise 6,600 6,600

081

84 PFS1 COPY IWitli_PIVE

3PIEN't. ,%N1) Pt ?KM WE

the Senate, State of New York

Applsrpriatrd Paid

t n1p.tid during dining t ',paidJun 30. 197:t %cur t'e.: Jun -$0, 1974

Support of at conference Ut the appopriaterole of state government in cabletelevision regulation $ 20,000 20010

Social Seitettee

Support of a series of confrretwes onthe feasibility of a study on politiesand the mass media 21,000 21,(100

Support of' a study of the relationshipbetween politics and the media in the1974 election 1590/0 159010

I 'ttiversity of Southern CaliforniaAnnenberg School of t :ommunications

Support of research on the impact ofdrug inf'ormation in the mass media 36,100 :16,100

Support of a study on the uses of cabletelevision by municipal governments 28,000 28,000

Southern Regional Council, Inc..

Support of the Southern Project furInvestigative icatritalism 10M() 30,000 59,000

Stanford 17niversity)epartment of Communication

Support of research on government/media relationships 58,000 19,750 :18,250

Twentic th Century Fund

Support of The National News Coutwil(see The National News ( ;ouncil) 100,000 (50,(X0)T 50,(1X)

t7nited (:hurch of ChristOffice of (mu tnneations

Support of updating and reprintingpublications for citizens' groups onregulations of tlw F( X 26,000 2ti,000

084

REST COPY AVAILABLE

ItEX:IMENT ANI) Pt 'RP( )st:

The Urban Institute

Support of the Cable TelevisionInformation Center

Further support of the CableTelevision Information Center

Unpaidjun. 30, 1973

Appro.priatrdduring

scar

Paidduring

seatUnpaid

Jun. 30, 1974

$ 125,000

250,000

125,000

125,000 125,000University of WisconsinMass Communications Research Center

Support of a study of the influence ofmass communications on young voters 29,380 29,380'Total $ 2,162,520 2,033,997 2,211,420 2.007,097

(1,000)*

Oldage assistance and relief to individuals 7,600 7,600 6,606 7,600Total Appropriations $ 2,170,120 2,062,597 2,218,020 2,014,697

Refunded appropriations:

University of Chicago (13,771) (13,771)

University of Michigan (19,031) (19,031)

(32,802) (32,802)

Net Total $ 2.170,120 2,029,795 2.185,218 2.014,697

Notes: * Cancelled T Transferred in ;out).

86 PROJECTS ADMINISTEREDBY THE OFFICERSOF THE FOUNDATION

Year ended June 30, 1974

SCHEDULE 5

"5 COPY AVAILABLE

Research and preliminary work on an informationand orientation film for hospital patients

Production and testing of film for hospitalpatients

Evaluation of the perftwmance of the C3bleTelevision Information Center

For support of an exploratory investigation oftelevision and the electoral process

$ 4,000

45,600

8,247

803

$ 58,650

ADDRESSES OF GRANTEESAcademy for Educational Development, Inc.*437 Nfadison AvenueNew York, New York 10022

Action for Children's Television46 Austin StreetNewtonville, Massachusetts 02160

The American UniversityDepartment of journalismWashington, D.C. 20016

Aspen Institute for Humanistic StudiesProgram on Communications and Society770 Welch RoadPalo Alto, California 94304

Cable Arts Foundation. Inc.101 West 57th StreetNew York, New York 10019

California Center for Research andEducation in Government

1617 Tenth StreetSacramento, California 95814

University of California, Los AngelesCommunications Law ProgramSchool of LawLos Angeles. California 90024

University of California. San FranciscoLaboratory for the Study of Human

Interaction and ConflictDepartment of Psychiatry701 Parnassus AvenueSan Francisco. Calif° Ma 94143

University of California. San FranciscoTV I lealth Information ProjectU.C. Extension. 104 Wo(xls Hall55 Laguna StreetSan Francisco. California 94122

University of California, Santa CruzOffice of Instructitnal ServicesSanta Cruz, California 95060

Center for Understanding Media. Inc.75 Horatio StreetNew York. New York 1(1014

Claremont Graduate SchoolCenter for Urban and Regional Studies900 North College AvenueClaremont, California 91711

BEST COPY AVAILASLE

The Cleveland State UniversityDepartment of CommunicationCollege of Arts and SciencesCleveland, Ohio 44115

Columbia UniversityGraduate School of JournalismJournalism BuildingNew York, New York 10027

Columbia University*School of Law435 West 116th StreetNew York, New York 10027

Committee for Economic Development477 Madison AvenueNew York, New York 10022

Committee on Children's Television, Inc.1311 Masonic AvenueSan Francisco, California 94117

Duke UniversityInstitute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs4875 Duke StationDurham, North Carolina 27706

EDUCOMInteruniversity Ominninications Council. Inc.P.O. Box 364, Rosedale RoadPrinceton, New Jersey 08540

Educational Broadcasting Corporation:304 West 58th StreetNew York. New York 10(119

Festival International 1)u FilmAssociation FratKaise71, rue du Faubourg-Saint-HonoreParis 8, France

The Foundation Center1388 Seventh AvenueNew York, New York 10019

The Fund for Investigative Journalism, Inc.1346 Omnecticut Avenue. N.W.Washington, D.C. 20036

Harvard University*Graduate School of EducationLaboratory of Human DeveloptnentRoy E. Larsen Hall, Appian WasCambridge, Massachusetts 02138

8EiVIcirsss Of Grants-ntinued

Ilarvard UniversityProgram on Infermation Technologies

and Public Policy2(X) Aiken Computation lAboratoryCambridge, Massachusetts 02138

University of Illinois at Chicago ( :ircl*Department of SociologyCollege of Liberal Arts and ScencsBox. 348Chicago, Illinois 60680

Lincoln (:enter for the Performing Arts, lac.1865 BroadwayNew York, New York 10023

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCenter l'or International Studies30 Wadsworth Street(4unbridge. Massachusetts 02139

Massachusetts Institute of Technologyl)epatment of Political Science.(:ambridge, Massachusetts 02139

University of Mas.achusettsJournalistic Studies Program,Nnthett Massachusetts 01002

Medi..Ness Project1910 N St -et. N.W.Washingto. , D.C. 20036

Mellen Fo.al For A Free And Responsible Press112 15th Street. N.W., Suite 835Vashington. D.C. 20005

Univ,sitv of MichiganInstitut for Social ResearchAnn Admit-, Michigan 8106

The Natiental News Optima( )ne Lincoln PlazaNew York, New York 10023

New York UniversitySchool of the ArtsAlternate NIdia ( :enter114 Blecker StreetNew York, New York 10012

'niversity of Pennsylvania*Annenberg Shem)1 of (:ommunicationsPhiladelphia. Pennsylvania 19174

Race Relations Information CenterP.0. Box 12156Nashville...Fe:mewl. 37212 08b

Pr el" COPY AVAIIABLE

The Rand ( :orporation170(1 Main StreetSimla Monica, California ¶1(1406

Regional Plan Association*235 East 5th StreetNew York, New York 10017

The Riverside Press CouncilP.( ). Box 132#Riverside, ( :alifornia

The SemiteState of New YorkAlbany, New York

Social Science Research Council605

'1'1117(1,,nu

New York. New York 10016

I.!ttiversity of Southern (:aliforniaAnnenberg tithe mol of (:ottnnutticationsUniversity Park1.05 Angeles, California 90007

Southern Regional ( Inc.52 Fairlie Street, N.W.Atlanta, Georgia 30103

Stanford I. niversitYDepartment of (:ontintinicationStanford, (:alifeunia 94305

Twentieth Century Fund1 East 70th StreetNew York, New York 10021

United Church of Christ( )Ific of (:ornmittlications289 Park Avenue SouthNew York, New York 10010

The Urban Institute( ;able 'Television Information ( :center2100 NI Street, N.W.Vashington. D.C. 20037

I'ttivrrsity of ViseonsittHass (:onitininications Research ( :cater5(1111 Vilas (:t inummicat ion !fallMadison. Visonsitt 53706

*Forttlet to awry. See PublicationsItesulting Front Grants.