introduction of tsunami
TRANSCRIPT
Definition of
Tsunami
Cause
of Tsunami
Impact
of Tsunami
Mitigation
of Tsunami
Outline
Definition of Tsunami
• Tsu = Harbor
Nami = wave
• a wave train, or series of waves, generated ina body of water by an impulsive disturbancethat vertically displaces the water column.
Definition of Tsunami
Wave basics. Wind-generated swells move across the surface of the ocean.
(Bunting, et. al. 2007)
Definition of Tsunami
A Tsunami approaching the shoreline
(Bunting, et. al. 2007)
Definition of Tsunami
Different of tsunami wave lenght in the deep marine and shallow marine
(Modification from Diposaptono and Budiman, 2005)
Cause of Tsunami
Earthquake has magnitude > 6,5
Hipocentrum < 60 km
Vertical deofmation of tectonic plate > 2 m
• Occurance of Tsunami (Diposaptono & Budiman, 2005)
Earthquake-generated tsunami
Great landslide
Volcanic eruption
Comets and asteroids
Cause of Tsunami
• Earthquake-generated tsunami
Cause of Tsunami
earthquake mechanism distribution area
• Earthquake-generated tsunami
Cause of Tsunami
• Great landslide
Schematic representation of coherent submarine slide (Bryant, 2008)
Cause of Tsunami
Cause of Tsunami
• Great landslide
Location of submarine slumps and debris flow on the Hawaiian Ridge
(Bryant, 2008)
• Volcanic eruption
Cause of Tsunami
Debris avalanche and explosion uder water triger the Tsunami
(Later, 1981 in Diposaptono & Budiman, 2005)
• Volcanic eruption
Cause of Tsunami
10 processes which can trigger Tsunami (Later, 1981 in Diposaptono & Budiman,
2005)
1. Earthquake of eruption
2. Pyroclastic flow
3. Explosion under water
4. Caldera
5. Avalanche
6. Pressure of Basalt
7. Avalanche of hot rock
8. Lahar
9. Air wave association with explosion
10. Lava flow
• Comets and asteroids
Cause of Tsunami
Scheme of surface water after meteorite hit
Impact of Tsunami
Uleu Leu Harbour, beofe Tsunami occured
23 June 2004
(Bunting, et., al., 2007)
Uleu Leu Harbour, after Tsunami occured
28 December 2004
(Bunting, et., al., 2007)
Impact of Tsunami
Boat on the house (source: http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03148/tsunami-aceh-boat_3148032k.jpg)
• What to do ???
1. Find out if your locations are in tsunami hazard
zone
2. Know the height of your street above sea level and
distance from the coast
3. Plan evacuation route
4. Practice your evacuation road
5. Use a weather radio or television
Mitigation of Tsunami
• Tsunami Hazard & Evacuation Route Map
Mitigation of Tsunami
Tsunami Hazard & Evacuation Route Map of Bantul (2010)
• Tsunami Warning System
Mitigation of Tsunami
Scheme of Tsunami early warning system (NOAA)
Mitigation of Tsunami
• Coastal forest work as a barrier
A 300 – 400 years old coastal forest established to protect agricultural land and community in a hazardous bay. Japan. (Forbes and Broadhead, 2007)
Mitigation of Tsunami
• Coastal forest work as a barrier
The roles or functions of coastal vegetation belts in tsunami disaster
reduction can be summarized as follows (Tanaka , 2007; Shuto, 1987 in
Tanaka,et .al., 2010):
1. Trapping effect
2. Energy dissipation effect
3. Soft- landing effect
4. Escaping effect
5. Barrier effect
Mitigation of Tsunami
• Coastal forest work as a barrier
Parameters that determine the magnitude of Tsunami
1. forest width
2. Tree density
3. Age
4. Tree diameter
5. Tree height
6. Species composition
Mitigation of Tsunami
• Coastal forest work as a barrier
Tsunami wave run-up with and without coastal forest barrier
(Forbes and Broadhead, 2007)
Mitigation of Tsunami• Coastal forest work as a barrier
Characteristic of coastal trees (Tanaka et.al., 2010)
Casuarina equisetifolia
• Subtropic zone (Thailand)• Max height 20-40 m• Diameter 160 cm
Pandanus odoratissimus
• Kind of pine family• Max height 10 m• Diameter of root 0,1 m
• Coastal forest work as a barrier
Pongamia pinnata
• Originally from India & Taiwan• Max height 20 m• Reduce the flow speed
Scaevola frutesches
• Often found in Sri Lanka• Max height 1 - 2 m• Protect & reduce tsunami inundation flow
Characteristic of coastal trees (Tanaka et.al., 2010)
Mitigation of Tsunami
Bunting, T., Chapman, C., Christie, P., Singh, S. C., Sledzik, J., 2007, TheScience of Tsunamis.
Bryant, E., 2008, Tsunami, United Kingdom, Praxis Publishing Ltd.
Diposaptono, S., and Budiman, 2005, Tsunami, Jakarta, Penerbit Buku IlmiahPopuler.
Forbes, K. and Broadhead, J., 2007, The Role of Coastal forests in TheMitigation of Tsunami Impacts, Bangkok, RAP Publication.
Kodagoda, S., Prasad., S. V., Sharma, H., 2005, Tsunami Disaster AwarenessNote.
Tanaka, S., Istiyanto,D.C., Kuribayashi, D., 2010, Planning and Design ofTsunami-mitigative Coastal Vegetation Belts. ICHARM Publication No. 18.
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03148/tsunami-aceh-boat_3148032k.jpg. ( Acces on 3 November 2015; 8.05 PM)
References
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